Asociación de Amigos de la Universidad de Navarra

It is well documented that Chagas disease (CD) can pose a public health problem to countries. As one of the World Health Organization Neglected Tropical Diseases undoubtedly calls for comprehensive healthcare, transcending a restricted biomedical approach. After more than a century since their discovery, in 1909, people affected by CD are still frequently marginalised and/or neglected. The aim of this article is to tell the story of their activism, highlighting key historical experiences and successful initiatives, from 1909 to 2019. The first association was created in 1987, in the city of Recife, Brazil. So far, thirty associations have been reported on five continents. They were created as independent non-profit civil society organisations and run democratically by affected people. Among the common associations' objectives, we notably find: increase the visibility of the affected; make their voice heard; build bridges between patients, health system professionals, public health officials, policy makers and the academic and scientific communities. The International Federation of Associations of People Affected by CD - FINDECHAGAS, created in 2010 with the input of the Americas, Europe and the Western Pacific, counts as one of the main responses to the globalisation of CD. Despite all the obstacles and difficulties encountered, the Federation has thrived, grown, and matured. As a result of this mobilisation along with the support of many national and international partners, in May 2019 the 72nd World Health Assembly decided to establish World Chagas Disease Day, on 14 April. The associative movement has increased the understanding of the challenges related to the disease and breaks the silence around Chagas disease, improving surveillance, and sustaining engagement towards the United Nations 2030 agenda.

INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease presents bio-psycho-social and cultural determinants for infected patients, their family members, close friends, and society. For this reason, diagnosis and treatment require an active approach and an integral focus, so that we can prevent the disease from creating stigma and exclusion, as is actively promoting access to diagnosis, medical attention and social integration. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) from 2004 to 2017. After an increased detection rates of CHD in our region, the process of construction of community strategies started (2004-2013). Different community interventions with informational, educational, and communication components were designed, developed, implemented, and evaluated. The results of the evaluation helped to determine which intervention should be prioritized: 1) workshop; 2) community event; 3) in situ screening. Afterwards, those strategies were implemented (2014-2017). RESULTS: Each of the three strategies resulted in a different level of coverage, or number of people reached. The in situ screening interventions reached the highest coverage (956 persons, 58.98%).Clear differences exist (p-value<0.001) between the three strategies regarding the percentage of screenings and diagnoses carried out. The largest number was in the in situ screening intervention, with a total of 830 persons screened despite the greatest number of diagnoses was among the workshop participants (33 persons, 20.75% of those screened). The prevalence of infection found is similar among the three strategies, ranging from 16.63% to 22.32% of the screened patients (p-value = 0.325). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study show that community interventions seem to be necessary to improve access to diagnosis and treatment of CHD in the area of Barcelona. They also show which strategy is the most appropriate based on the detected needs of the community, the proposed objectives of the intervention, and the given socio-temporal context.

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Indigenous animal genetic resources should be preserved because of their well adaptation to the environment, their tolerance to low food availability and their sociocultural importance. The characterization of the quality of the products generated by heritage breeds may bring more arguments to encourage the raising of these animals. This study aimed at evaluating the egg performance and quality of Spanish indigenous Black Castellana (BC) breed as compared with a selected strain (Lohmann LSL-Classic). Four groups of 30 hens were arranged: 1) Lohmann hens fed a control diet; 2) BC hens fed the control diet; 3) Lohmann hens fed a diet including linseed at 70 g/kg (omega-3 diet); 4) BC hens fed the omega-3 diet. Egg production was higher by 12.3% for Lohmann hens but, since BC eggs were heavier by 15.4%, no effect of genetics was found on daily egg mass. Feed intake was higher by 5.0% for BC hens. Nonetheless, no difference was detected for feed conversion ratio. Eggshell was thicker by 6.78% in Lohmann eggs. Haugh units did not differ among freshly laid and stored eggs in Lohmann hens, whereas Haugh units decreased in stored BC eggs (80.5 vs. 76.7 vs. 72.3 at 0, 14, and 30 d of storage). Yolks of BC eggs contained less fat (57.5 vs. 60.8% DM), more protein (32.8 vs. 31.9% DM) and more cholecalciferol (1.25 vs. 1.22 μg/g DM), and showed lower proportion of saturated fatty acids (29.0 vs. 37.0%) and higher proportions of monounsaturated (45.7 vs. 39.6%) and polyunsaturated (25.2 vs. 23.4%) fatty acids. Feeding the omega-3 diet reduced the yolk proportions of saturated (32.5 vs. 33.5%) and monounsaturated (42.0 vs. 43.3%) fatty acids and increased those of polyunsaturated (25.4 vs. 23.2%) and ω-3 (7.05 vs. 2.42%) fatty acids. No effect due to genetics or diet was found on yolk color score or on yolk content in cholesterol, cobalamin, retinol and γ-tocopherol. This study represents the first exhaustive characterization of eggs from Spanish indigenous Black Castellana breed.

It is currently unknown how important the Central American countries south of Belize are as a link between manatee populations in the north (Belize and Mexico) and populations in South America. Therefore, apart from knowing where manatees are found, it is important to understand how manatees are using these habitats and if they are moving between countries or distinct population centers. Here we report the results of a multi-national and multiinstitutional collaboration resulting in the first successful capture and satellite tracking of a West Indian manatee in southern Central America

BACKGROUND: As a Neglected Tropical Disease associated with Latin America, Chagas Disease (CD) is little known in non-endemic territories of the Americas, Europe and Western Pacific, making its control challenging, with limited detection rates, healthcare access and consequent epidemiological silence. This is reinforced by its biomedical characteristics-it is usually asymptomatic-and the fact that it mostly affects people with low social and financial resources. Because CD is mainly a chronic infection, which principally causes a cardiomyopathy and can also cause a prothrombotic status, it increases the risk of contracting severe COVID-19. METHODS: In order to get an accurate picture of CD and COVID-19 overlapping and co-infection, this operational research draws on community-based experience and participative-action-research components. It was conducted during the Bolivian elections in Barcelona on a representative sample of that community. RESULTS: The results show that 55% of the people interviewed had already undergone a previous T. cruzi infection screening-among which 81% were diagnosed in Catalonia and 19% in Bolivia. The prevalence of T. cruzi infection was 18.3% (with 3.3% of discordant results), the SARS-CoV-2 22.3% and the coinfection rate, 6%. The benefits of an integrated approach for COVID-19 and CD were shown, since it only took an average of 25% of additional time per patient and undoubtedly empowered the patients about the co-infection, its detection and care. Finally, the rapid diagnostic test used for COVID-19 showed a sensitivity of 89.5%. CONCLUSIONS: This research addresses CD and its co-infection, through an innovative way, an opportunity of systematic integration, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Se estudia un conjunto de relieves y grabados realizados en losas de arenisca procedentes de la Mesa de Luque (Córdoba). El hallazgo plantea la posible existencia de un nuevo santuario ibérico en las cercanías del lugar.

El yacimiento de Pena Fita (Lugo) ofrece la peculiaridad de ser un grabado rupestre con la forma de los cimientos de una casa prehistórica hecha en madera, siendo éste un caso único en la región y probablemente en Europa. Se caracteriza el yacimiento y su entorno arqueológico, incluyendo tanto los yacimientos como la cerámica recogida a lo largo de varios años. Se establecerán paralelos con las arquitecturas de la región y se estudiará la cerámica desde un punto de vista formal para identificar fases de actividad en la zona e intentar comprender a partir de ambos estudios la evolución cronológica del área en su conjunto

Introducción: la población saharaui residente en los campamentos de Tinduf (Argelia) se considera vulnerable desde el punto de vista nutricional.Objetivos: evaluar los hábitos dietéticos de un grupo de mujeres emigrantes saharauis con el fin de obtener datos para diseñar un programa de educación nutricional (EN) destinado a mujeres residentes en los campamentos.Métodos: la información sobre hábitos dietéticos se registró a través de historias dietéticas. Los resultados de ingesta de macro y micronutrientes se compararon con los rangos aceptables de distribución y los requerimientos medios estimados. También se recogieron datos demográficos, socioeconómicos y sobre salud. Análisis estadístico: SPSS vs 22.0. A partir de los datos obtenidos y de la revisión de los programas de salud llevados a cabo en campamentos y de otros programas de EN se diseñó un programa específico.Resultados: la alimentación en campamentos se caracterizó por ser deficitaria en energía y por un bajo consumo de fibra (6,1 [2,8] g/día), de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (6,9 [2,9]% del valor calórico total) y de la mayoría de los micronutrientes. El aumento en la disponibilidad de alimentos tras emigrar a España incrementó la ingesta calórica, pero la dieta siguió siendo inadecuada. El programa de EN diseñado se basó en la formación de formadoras. En este manuscrito se proporciona información detallada sobre la organización y el material a emplear en esta intervención educativa.Discusión y conclusión: la alimentación de las mujeres saharauis en campamentos y tras emigrar a España fue inadecuada, lo que corrobora que la aculturación puede estar asociada a cambios no saludables. Cabe esperar que el programa de EN diseñado contribuya a mejorar su bienestar nutricional.

The aim of this research is to analyse how castles help to structure a manorial state as space of power, based in the particular example of the manorial state of the Feria during the 15th century. For this, we will analyse how the function assigned to a fortification within the territorial structure imposed at manor determines its architectural configuration. Accordingly, we will see into how the organization of the space between a centre and a periphery generate two types of castles. Furthermore, the promotion of manor to county, will help to define the identity of the lineage, doing of the castle of Feria a symbolic centre.

En el presente trabajo se consideran los diez tornos de repulsar disponibles en las actuales instalaciones del museo de las Fábricas de Riópar, sito en la localidad de Riópar, en el sudoeste la provincia de Albacete (Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha, España). Estos diez tornos cubren un espacio temporal de más de media centuria, dentro del siglo XX, y suponen tres niveles tecnológicos claramente identificables. Son de especial interés los cuatro tornos más antiguos, anteriores a 1950 y basados en adaptaciones al repulsado de tornos paralelos de mecanizado. Tanto estos cuatro tornos, como el conjunto de los diez tornos disponibles constituyen un legado patrimonial mueble muy importante y singular, que permite el estudio de la evolución de este tipo de máquinas-herramienta en España desde las primeras décadas del siglo XX hasta los años 80 de ese siglo. Con ello se intenta dar un paso más hacia adelante en el estudio técnico y en la valoración patrimonial del parque de máquinas-herramienta heredado de las últimas fases de actividad de las históricas Fábricas de Riópar.

Aunque pueda parecer que la educación y los ferrocarriles son cosas muy distintas y tie-nen lugar en ámbitos muy distantes, se pretende en este artículo señalar algunos aspectos de su historia, de sus actividades y de su propia esencia íntimamente ligados entre sí. Se analizan algunos datos e imágenes en el tiempo que va desde los inicios de los sistemas escolares, coincidente con la aparición de los ferrocarriles, hasta la Gran Guerra europea de 1914 a 1918: la época del progreso. Y también de los trenes y de las escuelas, que, por utilizar un tér-mino muy ferroviario, calificamos como vías de y para el progreso.

Screw presses were machines widely used in various industrial sectors at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, among which the minting of coins stands out. In the Museum of the Royal Factories of Riópar (Albacete, Spain) there is a unique screw press, built in Paris at the beginning of the 19th century by the Delalande. Due to its structure and characteristics, it seems that its drive has been modified on at least two occasions, going from an initial design of a flywheel press with manual operation by several operators to the type of friction spindle with hydraulic wheel drive, for, to from 1940, be operated by an electric motor, as corresponds to its current configuration. Due to its age, characteristics and excellent state of conservation, this press is considered to have an important patrimonial and technological value. In the present work, we will proceed to the study of this screw press and the evolution of its typology throughout the two centuries of its existence. Its digital modeling is also considered, as well as the simulation of its operations. A comparative study of this press will be carried out with others of a similar structure, available at the Museum of the “Real Casa de la Moneda” of Segovia (Spain) and at the Museum “Casa de la Moneda” of the Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre (National Mint and Stamp Factory) in Madrid. Finally, it should be noted that this year marks the 250th anniversary of the creation of these Royal Factories, during the reign of Carlos III.

Recogen las páginas que siguen las experiencias puestas en marcha por la Asociación de Amigos del\n\t\t\t\t Libro y las Bibliotecas Luis de Eguílaz de Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz) en pro del impulso a la cultura\n\t\t\t\t y a la lectura. Se detienen sus autores en dos de sus proyectos más ambiciosos las revistas Las Piletas\n\t\t\t\t y Gárgoris.