Assemblée Nationale de France

This article focuses on political consumerism understood as a social movement in which a network of individual and collective actors criticize and try to differentiate themselves from traditional consumerism by politicizing the act of buying in order to search and promote other types of consumption. In this respect, they adopt a series of actions that have a collective goal but that can be either individual or collective (boycott, buycott). This article is based on a comparison of four cases in France and in the United Kingdom: two convivia of Slow Food and two more radical groups – de-growth promoters and people living in an eco-village. The angle used in this research is utopia understood both as a discourse and a set of practices. The utopian discourse includes, first, a rejection of the existing society, and, second, if not a clear conception of what another world might look like, at least the idea that another society is possible and desirable. The utopian practices need to be an attempt to create here and now at least some of the features of this utopian discourse in the hope of a spread in the rest of society. Viewing political consumerism through the lenses of utopia can help understand how actors view consumption and how they relate their acts of (non-)consuming to ideals and dreams of a better world. Utopia helps show that the particular choices of consumption, of lifestyle or the choices collectively made, are only really understandable if one looks at the logics behind them and their articulation to the ideals and hopes actors have. It can also help us see how actors articulate the individual and collective level of action since it shows that for the actors, their everyday choices of living are also done in order to achieve some necessary changes within society.

A defect engineering method was developed using physical energy sources to synthesize boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs) for bioimaging applications.

En mars 2021, Montpellier Université d’excellence (MUSE) et Agropolis International ont réuni des décideurs, acteurs opérationnels, représentants d’organisations internationales et scientifiques pour partager leurs expériences des approches intégrées en santé dans le cadre du concept One Health . Ces échanges intersectoriels fructueux ont croisé les points de vue et ont pointé les obstacles et les enjeux de la mise en œuvre concrète de ces approches . Les participants ont abouti à des propositions pour rendre plus efficace cette mise en œuvre et faire face aux menaces sanitaires émergentes et aux futures pandémies : coconstruire des projets intégrés avec tous les acteurs concernés (citoyens, décideurs politiques, chercheurs, services locaux) ; développer des méthodes d’évaluation de leurs impacts ; former les acteurs ; institutionnaliser et coordonner les actions du niveau local au niveau mondial.

Panourgia and Marcus bring together anthropologists working in various parts of the world (Greece, Bali, Taiwan, the United States) with classicists, historians, and scholars in cultural studies. The volume takes into account global realities such as 9/11 and the opening of the Cypriot Green Line and explores the different ways in which Geertz’s anthropology has shaped the pedagogy of their disciplines and enabled discussions among them. Focusing on place and time, locations and temporalities, the essays in this volume interrogate the fixity of interpretation and open new spaces of inquiry. The volume addresses a wide audience from the humanities and the social sciences—anyone interested in the development of a new humanism that will relocate the human as a subject of social action.

Le Musée national du Niger à Niamey apparaît comme un lieu institutionnel essentiel de la mise en tourisme de la culture, une « zone de contact » (James Clifford) entre deux types de représentations, les unes nationales, les autres touristiques. Ces deux imaginaires entrecroisés s'expriment en particulier dans les différentes pratiques arti­sanales mises en scène comme patrimoine immatériel dans le centre artisanal du musée. En tant que Musée national, le musée vise alors explicitement la construction et le renforcement d'une identité nationale et favorise l'« artisanat national » (poterie, bijouterie, maroquinerie). En tant qu'institution culturelle, visitée par de nombreux touristes (plus de 11 000 en 2006), il intègre des représentations plus larges de l'Afrique, en important certaines pratiques artisanales (sculpture sur bois et batik). Cette double vocation du musée apparaît en particulier dans l'invention d'une tradi­tion nationale et touristique, les croix touarègues régionales. C'est finalement moins en effet la mise en scène de la Nation ou la mise en tourisme de la culture qui est proposée par le Musée national du Niger, que la rencontre des imaginaires national et touristique.

Conceived as an alternative form of democratic representation, the random selection of citizens for a political task comes in tension with the logic of electoral representation. The idea, carried by random selection, that anyone can be a good enough representative challenges the assumption that we need to choose the most competent among ourselves. And the fact that citizens’ assemblies are sometimes tasked to draft legislation may undermine the authority of elected representatives. This article tests this hypothesis of tension between competing forms of representation on a recent case: the French Citizen Convention for Climate (CCC) in 2020. Drawing on parliamentary hearings and questions as well as public political reactions to the CCC, we find indications that elected representatives may feel threatened in their legitimacy even when most randomly selected citizens do not see themselves as representatives. This may be due to the fact that the CCC was seen by some as stepping on the prerogatives of the Parliament. This suggests that future experiments of the sort could benefit from a clearer functional division between the two forms of representation.

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de tester certaines des conséquences de la théorie des élections de second ordre au niveau individuel. La principale hypothèse testée est que plus l’élection de premier ordre (nationale) est éloignée et moins les électeurs tendent à voter pour le parti au gouvernement. Une recherche au niveau individuel permet de déterminer quel type de comportement la théorie prédit et pour quel type de personnes. Nous utilisons les données d’Eurobaromètre 2004 : elles couvrent 15 pays et environ 16 000 individus. Les résultats montrent que la théorie des élections de second ordre se vérifie au niveau micro et que cela est dû à une volatilité et à une abstention différentielle des électeurs proches du gouvernement. Ils montrent également que le diplôme est la variable qui explique le mieux ce comportement électoral.

To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, many European countries have developed a public health strategy involving the use of digital contact tracing (DCT) applications to improve timely tracking and contact tracing of COVID-19 cases. France's independent COVID-19 Control and Society Connection Council (CCL) was established by law in May 2020 to issue advice and recommendations on the national epidemic digital systems. In this paper, we present the recommendations by the CCL, with the objective to increase the uptake and utility of French DCT applications. As the country's most vulnerable population has been subjected to greater virus exposure, a stronger impact of the lockdown, and less access to preventive and health care services, the CCL is particularly aware of health inequalities. The French DCT app TousAntiCovid had been downloaded by 13.6 million users (ie, 20% of the French population) in March 2021. To promote the use of DCT apps, the CCL has recommended that communication about the app's individual and collective objectives be increased. The CCL has also recommended the introduction of clear, simple, accessible, incentivizing, noncoercive information within the digital tools. In addition, the CCL has recommended improving public health policies to address the needs of the underprivileged. The CCL calls for promoting population empowerment with the use of digital tools, improving public health culture for decision-makers dealing with health determinants, taking social considerations into account, and incorporating community participation.

<b> </b>This opinion paper reports on the responses of governments worldwide to the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing some of the many direct and indirect side effects of the non-pharmaceutical interventions, side effects that have received insufficient attention in the public debate. The goal is to serve as an alert concerning many new global health concerns that interventions such as lockdowns and generalized mask usage may have created.<br>Published here: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.696818/full

International audience

The tribunicial function and the Créditiste group in the Quebec National Assembly, 1970–3 An analysis of the attitudes and behaviour of the Créditiste group since its first appearance in Quebec's National Assembly (1970–3) has two interesting aspects. First, it clarifies the Créditiste phenomenon, supporting the conclusions arrived at in a study conducted by Vera Murray. This study held that the RCQ was distinguished by the exercise of a specific function, namely, the defence and representation of the interests of underprivileged social classes. This is a function which Georges Lavau has described as tribunicial. We intend to show that the Créditiste members, in spite of the internal splits in the party during the leadership of Camil Samson and Armand Bois, have clearly fulfilled a protective function on behalf of “proletarian social elements” in the political system. The election of Yvon Dupuis to head the party in February 1973 inaugurated the progressive abandonment of this specific role, which had characterized the RCQ until then on Quebec's political chessboard, in favour of the function of providing governmental alternatives. Second, this study enables us to clarify and to distinguish between certain points in regard to the tribunicial function and the function of providing alternatives, used by Georges Lavau. In our opinion, the case of the RCQ is a much purer illustration of the tribunicial function than is the case of the PCF. In brief, the essence of the tribunicial function is the use of social criticism – not political criticism – based on the defence of underprivileged classes and revolving around the detailed denunciation of the political establishment. The tribunicial function also displays very little interest in the discussion or elaboration of a program of wholesale reform.

The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease whose causative agent has been demonstrated to be a novel virus of the coronavirus family, SARSCoV-2. A recent pre-print study has showed a heme attack on the 1-beta chain of hemoglobin by COVID19. Beta-thalassemia results of a default in the hemoglobin beta- chain synthesis. 1,5% global population are heterozygotes for this disease. In this study, by a multiple linear regression, we have analyzed the evolution of COVID-19 infection in three Italian regions (Puglia, Sardinia, Sicilia) with different beta-thalassemic prevalences, in order to search a link. The results have showed that betathalassemic heterozygote population prevalence is correlated to immunity against COVID-19, by a regression. This paper is only for academic discussion, the hypotheses and conclusions needs to be confirmed by further research .

Generative AI is showing early evidence of productivity gains for software developers, but concerns persist regarding workforce disruption and deskilling. We describe our research with 21 developers at the cutting edge of using AI, summarizing 12 of their work goals we uncovered, together with 75 associated tasks and the skills & knowledge for each, illustrating how developers use AI at work. From all of these, we distilled our findings in the form of 5 insights. We found that the skills & knowledge to be a successful AI-enhanced developer are organized into four domains (using Generative AI effectively, core software engineering, adjacent engineering, and adjacent non-engineering) deployed at critical junctures throughout a 6-step task workflow. In order to "future proof" developers for this age of AI, on-the-job learning initiatives and computer science degree programs will need to target both "soft" skills and the technical skills & knowledge in all four domains to reskill, upskill and safeguard against deskilling.

Résumé Le fonctionnement de l’entreprise Hervé Thermique, présenté à l’École de Paris en janvier 2006 par Michel Hervé, et qualifié de démocratique par Élisabeth Bourguinat, est-il transposable à des associations ou des municipalités ? Les réponses sont plutôt nuancées.

<sec> <title>UNSTRUCTURED</title> To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, many European countries have developed a public health strategy involving the use of digital contact tracing (DCT) applications to improve timely tracking and contact tracing of COVID-19 cases. France’s independent COVID-19 Control and Society Connection Council (CCL) was established by law in May 2020 to issue advice and recommendations on the national epidemic digital systems. In this paper, we present the recommendations by the CCL, with the objective to increase the uptake and utility of French DCT applications. As the country's most vulnerable population has been subjected to greater virus exposure, a stronger impact of the lockdown, and less access to preventive and health care services, the CCL is particularly aware of health inequalities. The French DCT app TousAntiCovid had been downloaded by 13.6 million users (ie, 20% of the French population) in March 2021. To promote the use of DCT apps, the CCL has recommended that communication about the app’s individual and collective objectives be increased. The CCL has also recommended the introduction of clear, simple, accessible, incentivizing, noncoercive information within the digital tools. In addition, the CCL has recommended improving public health policies to address the needs of the underprivileged. The CCL calls for promoting population empowerment with the use of digital tools, improving public health culture for decision-makers dealing with health determinants, taking social considerations into account, and incorporating community participation. </sec>

Abstract After an initial phase of low reactivity from the French public health authorities, in the face of the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in February 2020, various Non Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) were put in place (strict stay-at-home orders, followed by mandatory mask wearing in public places, curfews, partial lockdowns, etc.). In our knowledge, no study has independently assessed their respective effectiveness in an independent manner nor a synergistic manner. Our study has retrospectively studied (from 03/01/2020 to 30/01/2021), using metropolitan France data, the association strength (using normalized mutual information) as well as the linear correlation (using Pearson’s correlation) between more restrictive NPIs (mrNPIs) and epidemiological markers of COVID-19. All mrNPIs were moderately associated with a viral reproduction rate decrease but were associated neither with a decrease in COVID-19 daily hospitalizations, nor with COVID-19 daily ICU admissions. This paper is only for academic discussion, conclusions need to be confirmed by further research. Data and codes were available here http://gitlab.com/covid-data-2/lockdown-and-curfew.

Par l'observation des modalités concrètes de participation des citoyens dans les réunions de Clubs jacobins provençaux, il s'agit de repeupler l'analyse de cette expérience révolutionnaire. Cet article montre que la réunion politique jacobine se trouve à mi-chemin entre une forme de participation populaire au débat public, susceptible d'être encouragée dans la perspective du souci gouvernemental de circonscription de l'espace public, et une autre forme, suscitant méfiance ou rejet. La réunion politique se révèle être à la fois un lieu où le peuple doit faire l'apprentissage d'une civilité politique nouvelle, mais aussi où les formes d'expression traditionnelles, faisant une place à la passion, à la violence, ne sont qu'imparfaitement chassées. Par ailleurs, les réunions, dont le but affiché est de permettre aux citoyens de s'éclairer mutuellement en échangeant leurs idées sur la chose publique, tendent à déborder de cette fonction de lieu de discussion, pour se faire acteur collectif.

International audience

Résumé Cet article décrit les tâches des fonctionnaires parlementaires des commissions dans le processus pratique de préparation des débats législatifs.

L’attentat du 26 juin 2015 en Isère a horrifié la France entière : pour la première fois, une décapitation a été orchestrée et savamment mise en scène par un individu au nom du jihad. Un acte dont la perte humaine est sans commune mesure avec la symbolique renvoyée : Etat islamique en guerre contre la France, réhabilitation du « choc des civilisations » par le premier ministre. L’impact psychologique dans l’imaginaire collectif est expliqué dans cet article, par Floran Vadillo, Docteur en science politique associé au CMRP de l’Université de Bordeaux et collaborateur du Président de la Commission des Lois Jean-Jacques Urvoas. Il explore comment le terrorisme confronte, déstabilise, questionne la démocratie en même qu’elle l’oblige à adapter ses moyens en continu. Après avoir discuté l’artificialité des critères traditionnels qui fondent le terrorisme jusqu’à en faire un artefact politique malléable, l’auteur s’attarde sur l’évolution du droit appliqué au terrorisme à des fins de répression ainsi que sur les évolutions administratives au travers de la modernisation des services de renseignement.