BP (Canada)

besity is a complex chronic disease in which abnormal or excess body fat (adiposity) impairs health, increases the risk of long-term medical complications and reduces lifespan. 1 Epidemiologic studies define obesity using the body mass index (BMI; weight/height 2 ), which can stratify obesity-related health risks at the population level. Obesity is operationally defined as a BMI exceeding 30 kg/m 2 and is subclassified into class 1 (30-34.9), class 2 (35-39.9) and class 3 ( 40). At the population level, health complications from excess body fat increase as BMI increases. At the individual level, complications occur because of excess adiposity, location and distribution of adiposity and many other factors, including environmental, genetic, biologic and socioeconomic factors (Box 1). ver the past 3 decades, the prevalence of obesity has steadily increased throughout the world, Importantly, severe obesity has increased more than fourfold and, in 2016, affected an estimated 1.9 million Canadian adults. besity has become a major public health issue that increases health care costs People with obesity experience pervasive weight bias and stigma, which contributes (independent of weight or BMI) to increased morbidity and mortality. 17 Obesity is caused by the complex interplay of multiple genetic, metabolic, behavioural and environmental factors, with the latter thought to be the proximate cause of the substantial GUIDELINE

Abstract Modern seismic reflection data may be processed to approximate closely the reflection coefficient series of a sedimentary section. Inversion of the series will produce a low-cut filtered impedance log. Extension of the technique to include density correction and replacement of missing low-frequency components leads to generation of a synthetic sonic log having dimensions and characteristics similar to a conventional borehole sonic log.A synthetic sonic log section provides several advantages over conventional seismic sections, particularly for stratigraphic exploration. Direct depth display largely eliminates the vertical scale distortion inherent in time sections and simplifies integration with other subsurface data. Resolution is generally improved.The process is well adapted to automated generation of stratigraphic sections. Individual rock units are mapped by contours of constant transit-time, to show facies changes and depositional sequences in detail. The detailed measurements of velocity may be used to interpret rock type. Comparison of synthetic sonic log sections to the conventional seismic data from which they were derived, clearly demonstrates improved understanding of subsurface geology.

Summary Positive inversion tectonics involves the reversal of extensional fault movement during contractional tectonics. Basin stratigraphy developed before, during and after extensional fault movements may be described as pre-, syn- and postrift sequences. Growth fault activity may be graphically displayed using thickness changes in stratigraphic intervals from fault footwall to hanging wall. Alternatively, it may be recorded using a hanging wall displacement/distance plot. Contractional reactivation of extensional faults puts progressively older synrift markers into net contraction. The point of change from net extension to net contraction is the null point. Its position in the synrift stratigraphy may be used to quantify the inversion ratio, which is defined as the ratio of contractional to extensional movement. Negative inversion is the reactivation in extension of a significant portion of an existing contractional system. Stratigraphic separation diagrams constructed from geological maps may be used to define the null point of individual faults and to quantify their inversion ratio.

Although many employees are using more information communication technology (ICT) as part of their jobs, few studies have examined the impact of ICT on their well-being, and there is a lack of validated measures designed to assess the ICT factors that may impact employee well-being. Therefore, we developed and validated a measure of ICT demands and supports. Using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling, we found support for 8 ICT demands (i.e., availability, communication, ICT control, ICT hassles, employee monitoring, learning, response expectations, and workload) and two facets of ICT support (personal assistance and resources/upgrades support). Jointly, the ICT demands were associated with increased strain, stress, and burnout and were still associated with stress and strain after controlling for demographics, job variables, and job demands. The two types of ICT support were associated with lower stress, strain, and burnout. Resources/upgrades support moderated the relationship between learning expectations and most strain outcomes and between ICT hassles and strain. Personal assistance support moderated the relationship between ICT hassles and strain.

Due to its recalcitrance against microbial degradation, biochar is very stable in soil compared to other organic matter additions, making its application to soils a suitable approach for the build-up of soil organic carbon (SOC). The net effects of such biochar addition also depend on its interactions with existing organic matter in soils. A study was established to investigate how the status of pre-existing soil organic matter influences biochar stabilisation in soil in comparison to labile organic additions. Carbon loss was greater in the C-rich sites (C content 58.0 g C/kg) than C-poor soils (C content 21.0–24.0 g C/kg), regardless of the quality of the applied organic resource. Biochar-applied, C-rich soil showed greater C losses, by >0.5 kg/m2.year, than biochar-applied C-poor soil, whereas the difference was only 0.1 kg/m2.year with Tithonia diversifolia green manure. Biochar application reduced the rate of CO2-C loss by 27%, and T. diversifolia increased CO2-C losses by 22% in the C-poor soils. With biochar application, a greater proportion of C (6.8 times) was found in the intra-aggregate fraction per unit C respired than with green manure, indicating a more efficient stabilisation in addition to the chemical recalcitrance of biochar. In SOC-poor soils, biochar application enriched aromatic-C, carboxyl-C, and traces of ketones and esters mainly in unprotected organic matter and within aggregates, as determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In contrast, additions of T. diversifolia biomass enriched conjugated carbonyl-C such as ketones and quinones, as well as CH deformations of aliphatic-C mainly in the intra-aggregate fraction. The data indicate that not only the stability but also the stabilisation of biochar exceeds that of a labile organic matter addition such as green manure.

deeper layer contains 15-20% harzburgite and 80-85% lherzolite. garnet; trace elements; diamonds T estimates on eclogite xenoliths show that all were derived from the deeper layer. Xenolith data and garnet compositions indicate that the shallow layer is more magnesian ) than the deeper layer (Fo 91-92 ), and both layers are more olivine rich than South

Abstract Estimates of the quality, Q, factor are commonly obtained from vertical seismic data or stacked surface seismic data. This paper describes a method that allows Q-factor to be estimated directly from common midpoint (CMP) gathers. Absorption of the wavefield is dependent on three parameters: frequency, traveltime in the medium, and medium Q-factor. Assuming that the amplitude spectrum of the seismic source signature may be modeled by that of a Ricker wavelet, we derive an analytical relation between Q-factor and seismic data peak frequency variation both along offset and vertical time direction. The Q-factor is estimated from CMP gathers using a layer-stripping approach.

The efficacy of the addition of nano-CaCO 3 in accelerating the hydration of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) delayed by the presence of high volumes of supplementary cementitious materials including fly ash and slag was investigated. The conduction calorimetry indicated that the early hydration of OPC was significantly accelerated by the addition of the nano-CaCO 3 and the higher the amount of CaCO 3 addition, the greater was the accelerating effect. The thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the amounts of added CaCO 3 became slightly lower as the hydration took place; however, any new reaction products were not detected by the X-ray diffractometry analysis. The engineering properties, including microhardness and modulus of elasticity, in the early stage of the hydration were remarkably improved by the addition of nano-CaCO 3 . It was suggested that the seeding effect of the nano-CaCO 3 particles and the nucleation of C–S–H caused the enhanced strength development.

ABSTRACT There were 5513 wells drilled in western Canada during 1989, 30% fewer than in 1988. Total meterage drilled was 6,459,797 m, for an average well depth of 1172 m. Exploratory drilling in 1989 dropped by 13% and development drilling by 40% from 1988 levels. British Columbia was the only area in western Canada with increased activity. The industry continued to acquire more acreage for less total bonus at provincial Crown sales throughout western Canada. During 1989, 3,564,827 ha were acquired for a total bonus of $484,872,0005. Although the total disposition of Crown lands decreased only 4%, the average bonus dropped to $136/ha, down 26% from 1988. In Alberta, the most active exploration areas were the southern and eastern Mesozoic gas play, the western deep Devonian gas play, the oil plays on and adjacent to the Peace River arch, and the Middle Devonian carbonate oil plays in the northwest. In British Columbia, the most active exploration areas were the Mesozoic and Paleozoic gas plays in the northeastern portion of the province. For the first time in 5 years, Crown drilling rights were issued within the Fraser Valley in the southwest. There was a focus on gas exploration in the province as pipeline reversal was implemented, permitting access to Canadian and California markets through the Alberta transportation network. In Manitoba, exploration and development activity continued to decline. In northern Canada, exploratory drilling success, offering of Crown lands for exploration, approval of gas exports, and indications that many of the Native lands claims may be approaching settlement, all provided exploration encouragement for the next decade. Exploration activities occurred throughout the Northwest Territories from the offshore Beaufort to the southern border. In Saskatchewan, active exploration areas were shallow Mesozoic gas plays in the western portions of the province and deep Paleozoic oil plays in the south.

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) syndrome are recently characterised entities that can be associated with gastrointestinal blood loss in patients with and without cirrhosis. Up to 65% of patients with portal hypertension from cirrhosis will develop PHG but it can also occur in the setting of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. In patients with portal hypertension, PHG is often associated with the presence of oesophageal and/or gastric varices. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PHG have not been fully elucidated. However, regulation of gastric nitric oxide, prostaglandins, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) production may be involved.

ABSTRACT Using clusters of locations obtained from Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry collars to identify predation events may allow more efficient estimation of behavioral predation parameters for the study and management of large carnivore predator‐prey systems. Applications of field‐ and model‐based GPS telemetry cluster techniques, however, have met with mixed success. To further evaluate and refine these techniques for cougars ( Puma concolor ), we used data from visits to 1,735 GPS telemetry clusters, 637 of which were locations where cougars killed prey >8 kg in a multi‐prey system in west‐central Alberta. We tested 1) whether clusters were reliably created at kill locations, 2) the ability of logistic regression models to identify kill occurrence (prey >8 kg) and multinomial regression models to identify the prey species at a kill cluster, and 3) the duration of monitoring required to accurately estimate kill rate and prey composition. We found that GPS collars programmed to attempt location fixes every 3 hours consistently identified locations where prey >8 kg were handled, and cluster creation was robust to GPS location acquisition failures (poor collar fix success). The logistic regression model was capable of estimating cougar kill rate with a mean 5‐fold cross validation error of <10%, provided the appropriate probability cutoff distinguishing kill clusters from non‐kill clusters was selected. Logistic models also can be used to direct visits to clusters, reducing field efforts by as much as 25%, while still locating >95% of all kills. The multinomial model overpredicted occurrence of primary prey (deer) in the diet and underpredicted consumption of alternate prey (e.g., elk and moose) by as much as 100%. We conclude that a purely model‐based approach should be used cautiously and that field visitation is required to obtain reliable information on species, sex, age, or condition of prey. Ultimately, we recommend a combined approach that involves using models to direct field visitation when estimating behavioral predation parameters. Regardless of the monitoring approach, long continuous monitoring periods (i.e., >100 days of a 180‐day period) were necessary to reduce bias and imprecision in kill rate and prey composition estimates.

Abstract Seven hundred seventy liters of a dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), were released into an isolated volume of a completely saturated natural sandy aquifer. The release was monitored over a period of 984 hours with a variety of geophysical methods including ground penetrating radar, time domain reflectometry, in situ resistivity, and a neutron soil moisture probe. The PCE formed a pool on a low permeability layer at approximately 1 m depth and spread over an area exceeding 32 m 2 . In its course of downward migration, the PCE subsequently formed eight smaller pools. At the end of the experiment an estimated 41 percent of the total PCE volume remained trapped in the upper pool. The PCE mass and its spatial moments were calculated from radar reflection amplitudes. Between 48 and 100 percent of the PCE mass was accounted for by radar measurements. The center of mass moved a total of 0.5 m south southeast and 1.3 m downward. Spatial variances showed that the greatest lateral spreading occurred in the east‐west direction. The results demonstrate that natural heterogeneities, even in a relatively homogeneous aquifer, can cause DNAPLs to spread laterally over large areas in the subsurface. This experiment also demonstrated that while the ability of geophysics to uniquely measure the presence of DNAPL is limited, certain techniques are well‐suited to monitoring changes in DNAPL saturation.

The first images of Jupiter, Io, Europa, and Ganymede from the Galileo spacecraft reveal new information about Jupiter's Great Red Spot (GRS) and the surfaces of the Galilean satellites. Features similar to clusters of thunderstorms were found in the GRS. Nearby wave structures suggest that the GRS may be a shallow atmospheric feature. Changes in surface color and plume distribution indicate differences in resurfacing processes near hot spots on Io. Patchy emissions were seen while Io was in eclipse by Jupiter. The outer margins of prominent linear markings (triple bands) on Europa are diffuse, suggesting that material has been vented from fractures. Numerous small circular craters indicate localized areas of relatively old surface. Pervasive brittle deformation of an ice layer appears to have formed grooves on Ganymede. Dark terrain unexpectedly shows distinctive albedo variations to the limit of resolution.

Abstract An Industry Consortium (BP, ChevronTexaco and Nalco Company) conducted a joint research project known as Bright Water. The goal of this project was to develop a novel, time-delayed, highly expandable particulate material that would improve the sweep efficiency of a water flood. In November 2001, the first of these water flood profile modification treatments was pumped in the Minas field, as reported in SPE 84897 (1). An overview of the development of the particulate system is given in the present paper. The polymeric "kernel" particles are capable of "popping" under the influence of temperature and time. The expanded particle can then provide resistance to fluid flow in porous media. Various properties of the kernel dispersions are summarized. Laboratory tests representative of the deployment of the product are presented to illustrate the injection, propagation and popping of the particles. Screening criteria for application of the product are reviewed and related to product selection for the field trial.

An experiment was conducted to compare the rates of disappearance of amino acids (AA) from the small intestine and their net appearance in the blood draining only the small intestine (mesenteric-drained viscera) and the whole gastrointestinal tract (portal-drained viscera) of cows fed a silage-based diet supplemented or not with ruminally protected Met. Five lactating dairy cows (118+/-4 DIM) equipped with duodenal and ileal cannulae (n = 2) or a duodenal cannula only (n = 3), two of which were multicatheterized, were fed a TMR top dressed with 0 or 72 g of ruminally protected Met per day. The addition of ruminally protected Met to the diet increased the duodenal flux of Met leading to a higher apparent digestibility of Met in the small intestine. Sixty-six percent of Met from ruminally protected Met bypassed the rumen and 82% of that Met disappeared from the small intestine. Arterial plasma Met concentrations numerically increased with ruminally protected Met (45 vs. 18 microM), while total AA concentration decreased. Feeding ruminally protected Met resulted in higher concentrations of urea-N and glucose in arterial plasma. Milk production and milk composition were unaffected. The disappearance of essential AA across the small intestine was equivalent (101%) to their flux through the mesenteric-drained viscera while the portal:mesenteric-drained viscera flux ratio for each essential AA varied from 38% for Thr to 76% for Phe. The portal:mesenteric-drained viscera flux ratio for Met was 66%. These results confirm observations made with pigs and sheep.

Abstract A hyperbolic Radon transform (RT) can be applied with success to attenuate or interpolate hyperbolic events in seismic data. However, this method fails when the hyperbolic events have apexes located at nonzero offset positions. A different RT operator is required for these cases, an operator that scans for hyperbolas with apexes centered at any offset. This procedure defines an extension of the standard hyperbolic RT with hyperbolic basis functions located at every point of the data gather. The mathematical description of such an operator is basically similar to a kinematic poststack time-migration equation, with the horizontal coordinate being not midpoint but offset. In this paper, this transformation is implemented by using a least-squares conjugate gradient algorithm with a sparseness constraint. Two different operators are considered, one in the time domain and the other in the frequency-wavenumber domain (Stolt operator). The sparseness constraint in the time-offset domain is essential for resampling and for interpolation. The frequency-wavenumber domain operator is very efficient, not much more expensive in computation time than a sparse parabolic RT, and much faster than a standard hyperbolic RT. Examples of resampling, interpolation, and coherent noise attenuation using the frequency-wavenumber domain operator are presented. Near and far offset gaps are interpolated in synthetic and real shot gathers, with simultaneous resampling beyond aliasing. Waveforms are well preserved in general except when there is little coherence in the data outside the gaps or events with very different velocities are located at the same time. Multiples of diffractions are predicted and attenuated by subtraction from the data.

ABSTRACT The structural index (SI) is based on the concept of Euler homogeneity, a description of scaling behavior. It has found wide use in potential-field depth estimation and is a constant integer for simple sources with single singularities (points, lines, thin-bed faults, sheet edges, infinite contacts). For these cases, the SI is identical to the index of a simple power-law field fall-off with distance. The simple Euler formulation is only strictly correct for such simple sources and integer SI values. The widespread use of the simple Euler method on more complex structures, using fractional SI values is likely to produce misleading results because the SI is no longer a constant for any given source. We examine a recently published example that used an arbitrary SI to estimate depth to the base of the crust for Africa and produced misleading results. Extension to more complex sources such as tabular bodies or thick steps requires one of several more generalized approaches, which recognize all variables with spatial dimensions (including source size parameters) and may make use of negative SI values, address omitted variable bias or use an explicit multiple-source formulation. An alternative approach using homogeneity via differential similarity transforms is probably the best way forward. An error in the literature is corrected: the gravity SI for a finite step is −1, but it requires a more generalized formulation. We develop a new terminology, fractional SI, s, which is permitted to take fractional values and makes no pretense to honor concepts of homogeneity.

Abstract Black phosphorus (BP) is a promising anode material in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high electrical conductivity and capacity. However, the huge volume change of BP during cycling induces rapid capacity fading. In addition, the unclear electrochemical mechanism of BP hinders the development of rational designs and preparation of high‐performance BP‐based anodes. Here, a high‐performance nanostructured BP–graphite–carbon nanotubes composite (BP/G/CNTs) synthesized using ball‐milling method is reported. The BP/G/CNTs anode delivers a high initial capacity of 1375 mA h g −1 at 0.15 A g −1 and maintains 1031.7 mA h g −1 after 450 cycles. Excellent high‐rate performance is demonstrated with a capacity of 508.1 mA h g −1 after 3000 cycles at 2 A g −1 . Moreover, for the first time, direct evidence is provided experimentally to present the electrochemical mechanism of BP anodes with three‐step lithiation and delithiation using ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), ex situ X‐ray emission spectroscopy, operando XRD, and operando XAS, which reveal the formation of Li 3 P 7 , LiP, and Li 3 P. Furthermore, the study indicates an open‐circuit relaxation effect of the electrode with ex situ and operando XAS analyses.

BACKGROUND: Comprehensive School Health (CSH) is an internationally recognized framework that holistically addresses school health by transforming the school culture. It has been shown to be effective in enhancing health behaviours among students while also improving educational outcomes. Despite this effectiveness, there is a need to focus on how CSH is implemented. Previous studies have attempted to uncover the conditions necessary for successful operationalization, but none have described them in relation to a proven best practice model of implementation that has demonstrated positive changes to school culture and improvements in health behaviours. METHODS: The purpose of this research was to identify the essential conditions of CSH implementation utilizing secondary analysis of qualitative interview data, incorporating a multitude of stakeholder perspectives. This included inductive content analysis of teacher (n = 45), principal (n = 46), and school health facilitator (n = 34) viewpoints, all of whom were employed within successful CSH project schools in Alberta, Canada between 2008 and 2013. RESULTS: Many themes were identified, here called conditions, that were divided into two categories: 'core conditions' (students as change agents, school-specific autonomy, demonstrated administrative leadership, dedicated champion to engage school staff, community support, evidence, professional development) and 'contextual conditions' (time, funding and project supports, readiness and prior community connectivity). Core conditions were defined as those conditions necessary for CSH to be successfully implemented, whereas contextual conditions had a great degree of influence on the ability for the core conditions to be obtained. Together, and in consideration of already established 'process conditions' developed by APPLE Schools (assess, vision, prioritize; develop and implement an action plan; monitor, evaluate, celebrate), these represent the essential conditions of successful CSH implementation. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the present research contributes to the evidence-base of CSH implementation, ultimately helping to shape its optimization by providing school communities with a set of understandable essential conditions for CSH implementation. Such research is important as it helps to support and bolster the CSH framework that has been shown to improve the education, health, and well-being of school-aged children.

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation K. B. Migler, C. Lavallée, M. P. Dillon, S. S. Woods, C. L Gettinger; Visualizing the elimination of sharkskin through fluoropolymer additives: Coating and polymer–polymer slippage. J. Rheol. 1 March 2001; 45 (2): 565–581. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.1349136 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search