Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Atómicas, Nucleares y Moleculares

The inclusive breakup for the $^{11}\mathrm{Li}+^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ reaction at energies around the Coulomb barrier has been measured for the first time. A sizable yield of $^{9}\mathrm{Li}$ following the $^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ dissociation has been observed, even at energies well below the Coulomb barrier. Using the first-order semiclassical perturbation theory of Coulomb excitation it is shown that the breakup probability data measured at small angles can be used to extract effective breakup energy as well as the slope of $B(E1)$ distribution close to the threshold. Four-body continuum-discretized coupled-channels calculations, including both nuclear and Coulomb couplings between the target and projectile to all orders, reproduce the measured inclusive breakup cross sections and support the presence of a dipole resonance in the $^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ continuum at low excitation energy.

We present a detailed analysis of the elastic scattering and breakup channel for the reaction of $^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ on $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ at incident laboratory energies of 24.3 and 29.8 MeV, measured at the radioactive ion beam facility of TRIUMF, in Vancouver, Canada. A large yield of $^{9}\mathrm{Li}$ fragments was detected by four charged particle telescopes in a wide angular range. The experimental angular and energy distributions of these $^{9}\mathrm{Li}$ fragments have been compared to coupled-reaction-channel and continuum-discretized coupled-channel calculations. The large production of $^{9}\mathrm{Li}$ fragments at small angles can be explained by considering a direct breakup mechanism, while at medium-large angles a competition between direct breakup and neutron transfer to the continuum of the $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ target was observed.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) through the International Action Plan on Radiation Protection of Patients and the International Commission on Radiological Protection have for some time carried out important efforts to assure that in the medical applications of the ionising radiations, the optimisation of radiological protection of patients is fundamental, to such a point that the IAEA includes it directly as a requirement for these practices (in its International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionising Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources (BSS)-GSR Part 1, 2011). For this reason, among the objectives of Regional Project RLA/9/057 and Regional Project RLA/9/067, the intention was to establish the dose references in conventional radiology for Latin America, for the purposes of determining whether these doses comply with the requirements of the BSS and to tend to improve practices, in order to minimise the dose received by the patients.

Usando la técnica de espectrometría gamma y protocolos estandarizados, a nivel latinoamericano, se midió la actividad específica en Bq kg-1 de productos alimentarios y agua, ambos productos fueron adquiridos directamente en los supermercados. Los descendientes de uranio y torio, así como isótopos antropogénicos, no fueron encontrados. K 40 es el único isótopo natural presente en los productos.

The aim of this paper is to present the results obtained by the Latin-American and Caribbean personal dosimetry services that participated, with the support of IAEA, in the 2020-Eurados whole-body dosemeter intercomparison for photon radiation. All participant services in this study use thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) systems except one that uses optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosemeters. Data analysis shows that 93.4% of the results are within the acceptance range, according to International ISO Standard ISO 14146: 2018. The evaluation of the trumpet curves shows that only three laboratories presented a few dosemeters results outside the limits of acceptability. Participation in this Eurados intercomparison exercise gave the Latin American and Caribbean laboratories the opportunity to show compliance with their own quality management system, to compare results with other participants and to develop plans for improving their dosimetry systems. It also gave the assurance that occupational doses are being measured properly and following the international standards in the regions.

To understand an integral environmental health dynamic a symbiotic observation of water and its socio-environmental interactions should be knitted. Assuming circularity of water can provide related knowledge. A robust scientific evidence baseline is essential to allow health impact evaluation, in order to inform collective decisions on infrastructure development. Mixed methods are used to elaborate an analytical process to combine different heterogeneous data sources. Three analytical levels were defined: Population health, socioeconomic status infrastructure and natural resources specifically river basin. In 2017, water quality perception was surveyed in Drake, Osa Peninsula, Southern of Costa Rica. Then in 2018, a socioeconomic and general health census strategy was undertaken. A water microbiology survey was applied to assess river basin quality. Interaction between population health economics and river basin was observed on aqueducts. This technology play an essential role enabling communities for health improvement and address reduction of socio-economic inequalities by means of community-specific tools for social learning. Since water filtering was identified missing in overall water systems, a water bio-sand filter was designed and tested as a novel conservation technology to cultivate drinkable water at a very low cost. Drake’s inhabitants perceived the need for technologies to treat drinkable water. Conservation culture should be considered for the design of new aqueduct communal systems. An integral ecosystem health assessment index (IEHAI) is proposed as a baseline specification model to improved water resources research.

Structure information of 11Li halo nucleus has been obtained from the inclusive break-up measurements of the 11Li+208Pb reactions at energies around the Coulomb barrier (Elab = 24.3 and 29.8 MeV). The effective break-up energy and the slope of B(E1) distribution close to the threshold have been extracted from the experimental data.

La eficiencia de conteo de una cadena de espectroscopía gamma con detector de Ge (H.p) fue medida usando la simulación Monte Carlo y estándares para calcular la actividad específica de 4 materiales de referencia y de muestras de intercomparación, con el propósito de evaluar los resultados analíticos obtenidos en el Laboratorio de Espectroscopía Gamma.

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence.-- Trabajo presentado al: "International Symposium Entrance Channel Effect on the Reaction Mechanism in Heavy Ion Collisions" (ECHIC), celebrado en Messina (Italia) del 6 al 8 de noviembre de 2013.-- et al.

Justificación y objetivos: debido al aumento en la incidencia del cáncer de mama en las mujeres costarricenses se pretende evaluar el desempeño de los mamógrafos como herramienta diagnóstica por excelencia para la detección temprana del cáncer de mama.Métodos: dos de los 3 indicadores globales de calidad de imagen (dosis glandular promedio y calidad de imagen) fueron evaluados de junio de 2002 a octubre de 2003 en 26 mamógrafos nacionales facilitados por los radiólogos responsables de los mismos.Resultados: la dosis glandular promedio encontrada fue de 1.75 ± 0.60 mGy con un rango desde 0.8 a 2.56. Respecto a la evaluación de la imagen del maniquí, un 73% de los mamógrafos evaluados visualizaron 4 o más fibras, un 53% pudo visualizar 3 o más grupos de microcalcificaciones y un 82% pudo visualizar 3 o más grupos de masas.Conclusión: los valores de la dosis glandular promedio se encuentran por debajo del nivel orientativo de dosis establecido internacionalmente en 3 mGy. Sin embargo el análisis de las imágenes del maniquí evidenció que solo 54% de los equipos obtenían un puntaje ponderado (suma de grupos de fibras, microcalcificaciones y masas) mayor o igual a 10. El objetivo primordial de la mamografía es brindar un diagnóstico certero que pueda salvar la vida de la paciente, es necesario encontrar los factores que están degradando las imágenes pudiendo ser necesario aumentar las dosis para lograrlo. Este estudio evidencia la necesidad urgente de la introducción permanente de programas de control de calidad que garanticen óptimas imágenes con las menores dosis recomendadas internacionalmente.