Changwon National University

The carbon-coated Ni(C) nanocapsules were prepared by a modified arc-discharge method in methane atmosphere. Its electromagnetic parameters were measured at 2–18GHz. It is observed that the natural resonance which appeared at 5.5GHz is dominant among microwave absorption properties of Ni(C) nanocapsules, as the consequence of the increased surface anisotropic energy for nanosized particles. The measured relative complex permittivity indicates that a high resistivity existed in Ni(C) nanocapsules samples. The maximum reflection loss of Ni(C) nanocomposites can reach 32dB at 13GHz with 2mm in thickness. The microwave absorptive mechanisms of Ni(C) nanocapsule absorbent were discussed.

Nonheme oxoiron(IV) complexes of two pentadentate ligands, N4Py (N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine) and Bn-tpen (N-benzyl-N,N',N'-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-diaminoethane), have been generated and found to have spectroscopic properties similar to the closely related tetradentate TPA (tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) complex reported earlier. However, unlike the TPA complex, the pentadentate complexes have a considerable lifetime at room temperature. This greater thermal stability has allowed the hydroxylation of alkanes with C-H bonds as strong as 99.3 kcal/mol to be observed at room temperature. Furthermore, a large deuterium KIE value is found in the oxidation of ethylbenzene. These observations lend strong credence to postulated mechanisms of mononuclear nonheme iron enzymes that invoke the intermediacy of oxoiron(IV) species.

A bismuth ferrite and barium titanate solid solution compound can achieve good piezoelectric properties with a high Curie temperature when fabricated with low-temperature sintering followed by a water-quenching process, with no complicated grain alignment processes performed. By adding the super-tetragonal bismuth gallium oxide to the compound, the piezoelectric properties are as good as those of lead zirconate titanate ceramics. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

A smart factory is a highly digitized and connected production facility that relies on smart manufacturing. Additionally, artificial intelligence is the core technology of smart factories. The use of machine learning and deep learning algorithms has produced fruitful results in many fields like image processing, speech recognition, fault detection, object detection, or medical sciences. With the increment in the use of smart machinery, the faults in the machinery equipment are expected to increase. Machinery fault detection and diagnosis through various deep learning algorithms has increased day by day. Many types of research have been done and published using both open-source and closed-source datasets, implementing the deep learning algorithms. Out of many publicly available datasets, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing dataset has been widely used to detect and diagnose machinery bearing fault and is accepted as a standard reference for validating the models. This paper summarizes the recent works which use the CWRU bearing dataset in machinery fault detection and diagnosis employing deep learning algorithms. We have reviewed the published works and presented the working algorithm, result, and other necessary details in this paper. This paper, we believe, can be of good help for future researchers to start their work on machinery fault detection and diagnosis using the CWRU dataset.

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are frequently seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of older people. Usually interpreted clinically as a surrogate for cerebral small vessel disease, WMHs are associated with increased likelihood of cognitive impairment and dementia (including Alzheimer's disease [AD]). WMHs are also seen in cognitively healthy people. In this collaboration of academic, clinical, and pharmaceutical industry perspectives, we identify outstanding questions about WMHs and their relation to cognition, dementia, and AD. What molecular and cellular changes underlie WMHs? What are the neuropathological correlates of WMHs? To what extent are demyelination and inflammation present? Is it helpful to subdivide into periventricular and subcortical WMHs? What do WMHs signify in people diagnosed with AD? What are the risk factors for developing WMHs? What preventive and therapeutic strategies target WMHs? Answering these questions will improve prevention and treatment of WMHs and dementia.

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are secretory membranous elements used by cells to transport proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs). While their existence has been known for many years, only recently has research begun to identify their function in intercellular communication and gene regulation. Importantly, cells have the ability to selectively sort miRNA into EVs for secretion to nearby or distant targets. These mechanisms broadly include RNA-binding proteins such as hnRNPA2B1 and Argonaute-2, but also membranous proteins involved in EV biogenesis such as Caveolin-1 and Neural Sphingomyelinase 2. Moreover, certain disease states have also identified dysregulated EV-miRNA content, shedding light on the potential role of selective sorting in pathogenesis. These pathologies include chronic lung disease, immune response, neuroinflammation, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and heart disease. In this review, we will overview the mechanisms whereby cells selectively sort miRNA into EVs and also outline disease states where EV-miRNAs become dysregulated.

Time-dependent polarization relaxation behavior induced by a depolarization field E(d) was investigated on high-quality ultrathin SrRuO3/BaTiO3/SrRuO3 capacitors. The E(d) values were determined experimentally from an applied external field to stop the net polarization relaxation. These values agree with those from the electrostatic calculations, demonstrating that a large E(d) inside the ultrathin ferroelectric layer could cause severe polarization relaxation. For numerous ferroelectric devices of capacitor configuration, this effect will set a stricter size limit than the critical thickness issue.

We investigated domain kinetics by measuring the polarization switching behaviors of (111)-preferred polycrystalline Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films, which are widely used in ferroelectric memories. Their switching behaviors at various electric fields and temperatures could be explained by assuming the Lorentzian distribution of logarithmic domain-switching times. We suggested that the local field variation due to dipole defects at domain pinning sites could explain the Lorentzian distribution.

Abstract East Asian patients have reduced anti-ischemic benefits and increased bleeding risk during antithrombotic therapies compared with Caucasian patients. As potent P2Y12 receptor inhibitors (e.g., ticagrelor and prasugrel) and direct oral anticoagulants are commonly used in current daily practice, the unique risk–benefit trade-off in East Asians has been a topic of emerging interest. In this article, we propose updated evidence and future directions of antithrombotic treatment in East Asian patients.

The 3 × 3 gas sensor array with different metal oxides and morphologies is fabricated to compare the sensitization effects of Au nanoparticles on various metal oxides and gases.The 3 × 3 gas sensor array with different metal oxides and morphologies is fabricated to compare the sensitization effects of Au nanoparticles on various metal oxides and gases.

We have studied stars in nuclear emulsion due to the capture at rest of the Ξ- hyperons produced in the (<it>K</it>-, <it>K</it>+) reaction. The sequential weak decay of a double hypernucleus (nucleus with <it>S</it> = -2) has been directly observed. The double hypernucleus is assigned as either 10<inf>ΛΛ</inf>Be or 13<inf>ΛΛ</inf>B. This assignment excludes the existence of the <it>H</it> dibaryon lighter than 2203.7 ±0.7 MeV/c2.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in Korea and the world. Since 2004, this is the 4th gastric cancer guideline published in Korea which is the revised version of previous evidence-based approach in 2018. Current guideline is a collaborative work of the interdisciplinary working group including experts in the field of gastric surgery, gastroenterology, endoscopy, medical oncology, abdominal radiology, pathology, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology and guideline development methodology. Total of 33 key questions were updated or proposed after a collaborative review by the working group and 40 statements were developed according to the systematic review using the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and KoreaMed database. The level of evidence and the grading of recommendations were categorized according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation proposition. Evidence level, benefit, harm, and clinical applicability was considered as the significant factors for recommendation. The working group reviewed recommendations and discussed for consensus. In the earlier part, general consideration discusses screening, diagnosis and staging of endoscopy, pathology, radiology, and nuclear medicine. Flowchart is depicted with statements which is supported by meta-analysis and references. Since clinical trial and systematic review was not suitable for postoperative oncologic and nutritional follow-up, working group agreed to conduct a nationwide survey investigating the clinical practice of all tertiary or general hospitals in Korea. The purpose of this survey was to provide baseline information on follow up. Herein we present a multidisciplinary-evidence based gastric cancer guideline.

Various approaches have been investigated to functionalize CNT for achieving a high dispersion of CNT as well as high compatibility between CNT and polymer matrix which lead to improvement of membrane properties and performances.

It is an ultimate goal for almost all the metallurgists to improve strength, ductility, formability and conductivity of metal together. However, ductility, formability and conductivity are generally known as the trade-offs for the increase in strength. It is because the mechanism(s) to increase the strength of metal is subject to be either harmful or irrelevant to those related to the trade-offs. A variety of metallurgical methods for improving both strength and trade-offs have been exploited through the morphological control of microstructure. This article addresses the microstructural aspects of strengthening a metal together with improving its trade-off properties of ductility, formability and conductivity. Particular emphasis was placed on the alloy design to control the interface energy between 2nd phases and alloy matrix. The reduction of interfacial energy between second phase and matrix can, for example, induce the uniform dispersion of ultra-fine second phase in a matrix, thereby increasing strength, conductivity and ductility simultaneously. The utilization of mechanically detrimental discontinuous precipitation is described as a method of improving the strength, ductility and conductivity of precipitation hardened alloys.

Multiferroic Cr-doped BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films were prepared on Pt∕TiO2∕SiO2∕Si(100) substrates by a chemical solution deposition method. From the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, it was observed that the valence number of Fe ion in undoped and Cr-doped BFO thin films was found to be almost 3+. It was found that Cr-doped BFO thin films exhibited good ferroelectric properties, such as improved leakage-current density and P-E hysteresis characteristics. The 3mol% Cr-doped BFO thin film showed a leakage-current density of 9.2×10−7A∕cm2 at 100kV∕cm and a large remanent polarization (Pr) of 61μC∕cm2 at room temperature.

Low levels of micronutrients have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes during viral infections. Therefore, to maximize the nutritional defense against infections, a daily allowance of vitamins and trace elements for malnourished patients at risk of or diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be beneficial. Recent studies on COVID-19 patients have shown that vitamin D and selenium deficiencies are evident in patients with acute respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D improves the physical barrier against viruses and stimulates the production of antimicrobial peptides. It may prevent cytokine storms by decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines. Selenium enhances the function of cytotoxic effector cells. Furthermore, selenium is important for maintaining T cell maturation and functions, as well as for T cell-dependent antibody production. Vitamin C is considered an antiviral agent as it increases immunity. Administration of vitamin C increased the survival rate of COVID-19 patients by attenuating excessive activation of the immune response. Vitamin C increases antiviral cytokines and free radical formation, decreasing viral yield. It also attenuates excessive inflammatory responses and hyperactivation of immune cells. In this mini-review, the roles of vitamin C, vitamin D, and selenium in the immune system are discussed in relation to COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION When a high-powered laser beam is focused onto a small area or spot of a solid surface, the temperature of the locally heated region rises rapidly to the vaporization temperature of the solid material and an optically induced plasma, frequently called a laser-induced plasma (LIP) or laser-ablated plasma (LAP) or laser spark is formed at the surface. The plasma will be formed when the laser power density exceeds the breakdown threshold value of the solid surface. Although different materials have different breakdown thresholds, an optical plasma is produced when the laser power density exceeds several megawatts per centimeter squared (106 - 109 W/cm2). This plasma has been used for sampling, atomization, excitation, and ionization in analyhcal atomic spectroscopy. It has also been frequently used and proposed as a source for atomic emission spectrometry (AES). In this case the technique is most ofien referred to as laser microprobe optical emission spectrometry (LM-OES) developed by Brech and Cross [1] in early nineteen-sixties or more recently called laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS) [2,3]. Generally, this analyhcal technique involves two steps; the pulsed focused laser beam directed into a gaseous sample or the surface of a solid or liquid, to produce a transient LIP, followed by the measurement of a characteristic atomic emission signal related to some species present in the plasma. The LIP formed is tightly focused and consists of vaporized atoms, ions, electrons, and molecular fragments. The application of LIBS for direct spectrochemical analysis is a rapidly growing field ranging from the detection of atmospheric pollutants to monitoring of material production processes, and even to “clean-room” technology. Laser ablation techniques have also been applied for solid sample introduction into other plasma sources [4–9]. In recent years, the powerful technique of LIBS as an analytical tool has been recognized by a number of research groups, and has led to an increasing number of publications on the applications of LIBS both in the laboratory and in industry. This growing success of LIBS is a result of thorough research carried out to understand the related plasma physical processes, aided by marked improvements in laser systems and photodetector technology.

This paper presents an output feedback robust H/sup /spl infin// control problem for a class of uncertain fuzzy dynamic systems with time-varying delayed state. The Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model is employed to represent an uncertain nonlinear systems with time-varying delayed state. Using a single quadratic Lyapunov function, the globally exponential stability and disturbance attenuation of the closed-loop fuzzy control system are discussed. Sufficient conditions for the existence of robust H/sup /spl infin// controllers are given in terms of matrix inequalities. Constructive algorithm for design of robust H/sup /spl infin// controller is also developed. The resulting controller is nonlinear and automatically tuned based on fuzzy operation.

A self-powered deep brain stimulation has been demonstrated by a flexible piezoelectric PIMNT energy harvester to induce behavioural changes in a mouse.

Abstract A concept of "Equation missing"-monotone mapping is introduced, and some fixed and common fixed point theorems for "Equation missing"-non-decreasing generalized nonlinear contractions in partially ordered complete metric spaces are proved. Presented theorems are generalizations of very recent fixed point theorems due to Agarwal et al. (2008).