Cheyney University of Pennsylvania

Recent research has identified two factors that influence consumer perceptions of a brand extension: brand affect and the similarity between the original and extension product categories. However, surprisingly little attention has been paid to other associations specific to the brand itself. The authors perform three experiments to explore the relative importance of these associations. The experiments reveal that brand-specific associations may dominate the effects of brand affect and category similarity, particularly when consumer knowledge of the brands is high. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for managerial decision making and the process by which consumers evaluate brand extensions.

Abstract The reaction rac ‐glyceryl‐1‐palmitate‐2,3‐dioleate (POO) and palmitic acid (P) (excess) → glyceryl‐2‐oleate‐1, 3‐dipalmitate (POP) + O catalyzed by porcine pancreatic lipase is a model for the general reaction AAA′’ + A′’ → A′'AA′’ +A.(P,O,A = palmitoyl, oleyl, acyl groups or palmitic, oleic, or fatty acids; AAA′’ , etc., are triglycerides). The re‐esterification is accom‐panied by formation of palmitate‐enriched digly‐ceride — rac ‐glyceryl‐1‐palmitate‐2‐oleate (PO‐ OH @@) exceeds rac ‐glyceryl‐1,2‐dioleate ( OO ‐OH) — and glyceryl‐2‐monoleate (HO‐ O ‐OH). Buffer pH optimum for maximum POO conversion and palmitate enrich‐ment in 15 min is between 6.0 and 6.5 at 38 C. Hexane is used to dissolve P in the oil phase. In‐creasing the amount of dissolved P by increasing the amount of hexane added increases palmitate enrich‐ment and decreases reaction rate. At 36 C and 6.0 buffer pH (26 volume % POO and 15 volume % P in oil phase), yields after 3 hr were POP , 22%; PO‐ OH, 27%; HO‐ O ‐OH, 11%; POO , 27%; glyceryl‐1,2,3‐tri‐oleate (OOO) , 3%; and OO ‐OH, 10%.

In this article, static, dynamic and natural frequency analyses of functionally graded porous annular sector plate reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets are investigated for the first time. The plate is a composition of a layered model with uniform or nonuniform dispersion of graphene platelets in a metallic matrix including open-cell interior pores. The extended rule of mixture and the modified Halpin–Tsai models are applied to estimate the effective properties of the porous nanocomposite plate. Three different kinds of porosity distributions are considered through the thickness direction of plate that are, uniform and two kinds of symmetric functionally graded distributions. Also, three different types of GPL dispersion patterns are considered across the thickness direction of plate. Hamilton’s principle based on first shear deformation plate theory and finite element method are used to derive the governing equations of motion. The effects of various factors such as different distribution of porosity, porosity coefficient, GPL dispersion patterns, and weight fraction of GPL nanofiller, boundary conditions and sector angles on natural frequency, static and transient responses of the plate have been investigated.

Objective. To investigate motivational factors and barriers to participating in fall risk assessment and management programs among diverse, low-income, community-dwelling older adults who had experienced a fall. Methods. Face-to-face interviews with 20 elderly who had accepted and 19 who had not accepted an invitation to an assessment by one of two fall prevention programs. Interviews covered healthy aging, core values, attributions/consequences of the fall, and barriers/benefits of fall prevention strategies and programs. Results. Joiners and nonjoiners of fall prevention programs were similar in their experience of loss associated with aging, core values they expressed, and emotional response to falling. One difference was that those who participated endorsed that they "needed" the program, while those who did not participate expressed a lack of need. Conclusions. Interventions targeted at a high-risk group need to address individual beliefs as well as structural and social factors (transportation issues, social networks) to enhance participation.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, accounting for the large majority of cervical cancer and anogenital warts cases. Two HPV vaccines are currently licensed and recommended for women and girls. However, vaccination rates have been suboptimal, with evidence of disparities influencing both uptake and series completion among African American and Hispanic adolescents. There has been a dearth of theory-based, behavioral interventions targeted to prevent HPV infection and increase HPV vaccine uptake among urban adolescents. This article describes the development of two skills-based intervention curricula aimed to increase HPV prevention and vaccination among low-income urban adolescent females 9 to 18 years old. Guided by the theory of planned behavior, elicitation research was conducted to elucidate the social psychological factors that underlie HPV vaccination intentions (N = 141). The findings were subsequently used to identify theoretical mediators of behavioral change to drive the intervention. Culturally relevant strategies to promote HPV vaccination were translated into the curricula content. Both curricula were designed to motivate and empower participants to reduce risk of being infected with HPV. Targeting theoretical mediators of behavioral change, derived from the voices of the community, may prove to be successful in increasing HPV vaccination and preventing HPV.

Bacteriophage T4 middle promoters, which are transcribed using phage-modified host RNA polymerase and the T4 transcriptional activator, MotA, match the host sigma 70 consensus sequence at -10, but they have a different consensus ((t/a)(t/a)TGCTT(t/c)A) (a MotA box) at -30. While the T4 middle promoter PuvsX has these -10 and -30 motifs, it also has matches to the MotA box at -35, -51, -70, and -87. We show that MotA binds to PuvsX DNA, footprinting a region that includes the MotA boxes at -30, -35, and -51. Very high levels of MotA are required for footprinting and gel-shift experiments, and protein-DNA complexes formed in the presence of both phage-modified polymerase and MotA are more resistant to HindIII cleavage than those formed with either protein alone. These results suggest that MotA-DNA interactions may be stabilized by phage-modified polymerase. Sequences between -18 and -38 are absolutely required for MotA activation of transcription, but sequences upstream of -38 are stimulatory, particularly when chloride instead of glutamate is the major anion. Our results dissect PuvsX into a core promoter, downstream of -38, which is required for MotA activation, and an upstream region that enhances transcription especially under conditions less favourable for protein-DNA interactions.

This article reports a study that examined whether perceptions of the availability of members of the opposite sex are related to commitment to romantic relationships among students at two colleges. Analyses of students' anonymous questionnaire responses reveal that students who perceived that there were relatively few members of the opposite sex on their college's campus were more committed to their romantic relationship, considered their relationship to be more attractive, and invested more in it compared with other students. These relations involving the perceived opposite‐sex ratio did not vary as a function of the length of the romantic involvement or the students' gender, race, or college. The perceived opposite‐sex ratio was significantly related to the actual opposite‐sex ratio, but the latter was not significantly related to commitment, investments, or perceived attractiveness of the relationship. Considering the sample as a whole, the students overestimated the availability of opposite‐sex persons. It is concluded that perceptions of the availability of persons of the opposite sex may affect the dynamics of relationships between men and women. Implications of the findings for social exchange theories are discussed.

Focus groups were completed as preliminary work to prepare for a formative evaluation project to design a palliative care program in adult intensive care units (ICUs). Twenty-two ICU staff nurses from the medical ICU (n = 10), surgical ICU (n = 6), and neuroscience ICU (n = 6) participated in focus groups to elucidate nurses' viewpoints of caring for critically ill and dying patients in ICUs. Five major themes were identified in the analysis: (1) helping the patient through, (2) telling bad news, (3) grieving as a process, (4) family as the patient, and (5) the dying patient's effect on the nurse. Nurses also identified how palliative care was currently being used in the ICU. Findings support the need to build strong collegial relationships between members of the healthcare team in order to effectively support communication about end-of-life decision making in the ICU setting.

Influenza viruses cause severe illnesses and death, mainly in the aged population. Protection afforded by licensed vaccines through subtype-specific neutralizing antibodies is incomplete, especially when the vaccine antigens fail to closely match those of the circulating viral strains. Efforts are underway to generate a so-called universal influenza vaccine expressing conserved viral sequences that induce broad protection to multiple strains of influenza virus through the induction of CD8⁺ T cells. Here we assess the effect of a potent antiviral CD8⁺ T cell response on influenza virus infection of young and aged mice. Our results show that CD8⁺ T cell-inducing vaccines can provide some protection to young mice, but they exacerbate influenza virus-associated disease in aged mice, causing extensive lung pathology and death.

There are innumerable ways for a resourceful teacher to achieve his objectives.

The objective of this study was to assess the current practice pattern regarding posthospitalization follow-up of trauma patients among the members of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST). An anonymous online multiple-choice survey of EAST members in 2016 was conducted. Ten questions relating to the follow-up care of injured patients were presented to the Active, Senior, and Associate members of EAST. Data were screened for quantitative concerns prior to analysis. Of the 1,610 members surveyed, 289 responded (18%). Approximately 52% of respondents stated that their institution has a dedicated trauma follow-up clinic where most injured patients are seen after discharge. Less than 20% reported that nontrauma multidisciplinary providers are present in clinics. Most (89.5%) reported that follow-up is a single visit, unless a patient has long-standing issues. Only 3 respondents stated that patients are regularly seen 3+ months out from injury, and a significant minority (17.7%) acknowledged no set follow-up timeline. Only 3.6% of participants indicated that they have a psychologist embedded in the trauma team, and 11.5% reported that no system is currently in place to manage mental health. Despite more than 20 years of literature highlighting the long-term physical and mental health sequelae after trauma, these survey results demonstrate that there is a lack of standardized and multidisciplinary follow-up. Given the improvement in outcomes with the identification and treatment of these sequelae, greater attention should be paid to functional recovery, social and psychological well-being, and chronic pain.

Although retention is a critical component of longitudinal cancer genetics research, limited empirical data are available on predictors of study retention among populations that are difficult to enroll. We evaluated predictors of retention in cancer genetics research among African American women at increased risk for having a BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutation. Participants were African American women (n = 192) at increased risk for hereditary breast-ovarian cancer who were enrolled in a longitudinal genetic counseling research study. Retention was evaluated separately for the 1- and 6-month follow-ups and in terms of overall retention (e.g., completion of both telephone interviews). Seventy-three percent of women and 65% of women were retained at the 1- and 6-month follow-ups respectively; in terms of overall retention, 60% of women were retained in both follow-up telephone interviews. Predictors of retention at 1-month included being employed (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.24, 4.93, P = 0.01) whereas predictors of overall retention included having a personal history of breast and/or ovarian cancer (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.07, 3.95, P = 0.03) and having completed genetic counseling (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.39, 4.98, P = 0.003). These data suggest that once enrolled in genetic counseling research, the majority of African American women will continue to participate, especially if concrete clinical services are provided.

Computer code that transfers data to third parties (third-party tracking) is common across the web and is subject to few federal privacy regulations. We determined the presence of potentially privacy-compromising data transfers to third parties on a census of US nonfederal acute care hospital websites, and we used descriptive statistics and regression analyses to determine the hospital characteristics associated with a greater number of third-party data transfers. We found that third-party tracking is present on 98.6 percent of hospital websites, including transfers to large technology companies, social media companies, advertising firms, and data brokers. Hospitals in health systems, hospitals with a medical school affiliation, and hospitals serving more urban patient populations all exposed visitors to higher levels of tracking in adjusted analyses. By including third-party tracking code on their websites, hospitals are facilitating the profiling of their patients by third parties. These practices can lead to dignitary harms, which occur when third parties gain access to sensitive health information that a person would not wish to share. These practices may also lead to increased health-related advertising that targets patients, as well as to legal liability for hospitals.

Abstract This paper examines how South Korean popular music (K-pop) promotes neoliberal feminism by a discourse of resilience. In a therapeutic narrative of overcoming obstacles and achieving goals, K-pop videos deliver a hegemonic message that individuals have to be responsible for their success and well-being rather than blaming external, institutional conditions. While ostensibly promoting female empowerment, the videos update and reinforce patriarchal gender norms and expectations. To substantiate this point, I analyze music videos of the most successful K-pop group, Girls’ Generation’s “Into the New World” (2007) and “All Night” (2017) to investigate how they promote resilience discourse along with neoliberal positive psychology as a hegemonic ideal of female subjectivity.

We show analytically that almost all three-dimensional dissipative quadratic systems of ordinary differential equations with a total of five terms on the right-hand side and one nonlinear term (namely 5-1 cases) are not chaotic except twenty one of them. Indeed we find nine systems that exhibit chaos, which were discovered by Sprott and Malasoma earlier. They are the simplest dissipative chaotic systems found so far. In this paper, we also extend Heidel–Zhang's theorem which provides sufficient conditions for solutions in the three-dimensional autonomous systems with polynomials and rational expressions on the right-hand side being nonchaotic. We then investigate the twenty one systems analytically and numerically. We show the portraits of some typical chaotic and nonchaotic solutions in phase space. For two of the systems that exhibit chaos we found stable period 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 orbits numerically.

Examining the sociocultural implications of Korean popular music (K-pop) idol group Girls’ Generation’s (SNSD’s) debut on Late Show With David Letterman, this article discusses how the debut warrants a critical examination on K-pop’s global popularity. Investigating critically how the current literature on K-pop’s success focuses on cultural hybridity, this article maintains that SNSD’s debut clarifies how K-pop’s hybridity does not mean dialectical interactions between American form and Korean content. Furthermore, this article argues that cultural hegemony as a constitutive result of sociohistorical and politico-economic arrangements provides a better heuristic tool, and K-pop should be understood as a part of the hegemony of American pop and neoliberalism.

This paper evaluates a current discourse of cultural hybridity that is deployed to examine the global success of local popular culture from South Korea. Indicating the discourse is descriptive without retaining an explanatory merit, I propose an alternative perspective based on Jean Baudrillard’s notion of simulation and hyperreality, while focusing on the political economy of cultural hybridization. Examining how the Korean popular music (K-pop) industry mixes various audio-visual elements, I argue cultural hybridity in K-pop is not so much an autonomous, self-reflective cultural endeavor as an industrial means to maximize profits while perpetuating the status quo of gender relations. Re-inserting K-pop within the industry’s structural configurations, I analyze how and why a hyper-real personality of female idols who sport contradictory characteristics, innocence and explicit sexuality, becomes a new ideal femininity. Indicating neoliberal and post-feminist ramifications in K-pop’s hybridity, I redress the myopic, descriptive nature of the current scholarship.

(1980). Muslims in Sri Lanka: historical, demographic and political aspects. Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs. Journal: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 183-193.

Volume: 30

The literature reports an increasing occurrence of carcinoma in the young adult nonsmoking and nondrinking population. With it, this trend brings the potential for new comorbidities. This report discusses one such case in which a 30-year-old woman, 28 weeks pregnant, was diagnosed with a hybrid verrucous carcinoma/squamous cell carcinoma. Several years preceding the presentation of the hybrid lesion, the patient had an odontogenic cyst associated with the same region. The original lesion was reported to have mucosal change overlying it. Newly available immunohistochemical stains were used to review the lesion to assess the potential for aggressiveness and proliferative changes. All the biomarkers were unremarkable, suggesting that the progression of the initial lesion could not have been predicted with the current immunohistochemical stains. This report discusses the diagnosis and treatment of this unusual scenario involving progression of a benign lesion to a malignant hybrid.