Children’s Mercy Research Institute

The fifth generation (5G) mobile network is standardized and developed to explore the mobile market beyond 2020. In response to the diverse strategies of 5G deployment, five alternative network architectures have been proposed to 3GPP by different mobile operators. To fulfill the urgent deployment requirement from some operators, an early drop of 5G, termed as non-standalone (NSA) new radio (NR), was completed at the end of 2017. After that, the standardization of a new 5G system, including th standalone (SA) new radio access network, was finished in June 2018. This article analyzes and compares the SA NR and NSA NR deployment modes in terms of coverage, network capability, interworking between 4G and 5G, complexity and cost of network deployment, and the latest industry progress. NSA NR performs better in interworking performance in the initial phase, while SA NR performs better in network capabilities, device performance, simple network deployment, and cost efficiency. 5G SA NR is recommended for operators who have the ambition to explore new opportunities in the vertical and enterprise markets.

Using MR imaging, perfusion can be assessed either by dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging or arterial spin-labeling. Alterations of cerebral perfusion have repeatedly been described in multiple sclerosis compared with healthy controls. Acute lesions exhibit relative hyperperfusion in comparison with normal-appearing white matter, a finding mostly attributed to inflammation in this stage of lesion development. In contrast, normal-appearing white and gray matter of patients with MS has been mostly found to be hypoperfused compared with controls, and correlations with cognitive impairment as well as fatigue in multiple sclerosis have been described. Mitochondrial failure, axonal degeneration, and vascular dysfunction have been hypothesized to underlie the perfusion MR imaging findings. Clinically, perfusion MR imaging could allow earlier detection of the acute focal inflammatory changes underlying relapses and new lesions, and could constitute a marker for cognitive dysfunction in MS. Nevertheless, the clinical relevance and pathogenesis of the brain perfusion changes in MS remain to be clarified.

Force field-based simulations have been employed to model the mechanical properties of a range of undeformed molecular polymeric honeycombs having conventional and re-entrant hexagon pores. The conventional and re-entrant hexagon honeycombs are predicted to display positive and negative in-plane Poisson's ratios, respectively, confirming previous simulations. The structure, and mechanical and mass transport properties of a layered re-entrant honeycomb ((2,8)-reflexyne) were studied in detail for a uniaxial load applied along the x 2 direction. The mechanical properties are predicted to be stress- (strain-) dependent and the trends can be interpreted using analytical expressions from honeycomb theory. Transformation from negative to positive Poisson's ratio behaviour is predicted at an applied stress of σ2 = 2 GPa. Simulations of the loading of C60 and C70 guest molecules into the deformed layered (2,8)-reflexyne host framework demonstrate the potential for tunable size selectivity within the host framework. The entrapment and release of guest molecules is attributed to changes in the size and shape of the pores in this host–guest system.

We develop and analyze an explicit multilocus genetic model of coevolution. We assume that interactions between two species (mutualists, competitors, or victim and exploiter) are mediated by a pair of additive quantitative traits that are also subject to direct stabilizing selection toward intermediate optima. Using a weak-selection approximation, we derive analytical results for a symmetric case with equal locus effects and no mutation, and we complement these results by numerical simulations of more general cases. We show that mutualistic and competitive interactions always result in coevolution toward a stable equilibrium with no more than one polymorphic locus per species. Victim-exploiter interactions can lead to different dynamic regimes including evolution toward stable equilibria, cycles, and chaos. At equilibrium, the victim is often characterized by a very large genetic variance, whereas the exploiter is polymorphic in no more than one locus. Compared to related one-locus or quantitative genetic models, the multilocus model exhibits two major new properties. First, the equilibrium structure is considerably more complex. We derive detailed conditions for the existence and stability of various classes of equilibria and demonstrate the possibility of multiple simultaneously stable states. Second, the genetic variances change dynamically, which in turn significantly affects the dynamics of the mean trait values. In particular, the dynamics tend to be destabilized by an increase in the number of loci.

Repetitive intra-articular corticosteroid injections are inevitable for treating synovial inflammation in advanced arthritis. However, short- and long-term use of corticosteroids usually triggers serious side effects (i.e., adrenal insufficiency, hyperglycemia, Cushing syndrome, osteoporosis, Charcot arthropathy, etc.). This study demonstrated that conjugation of a corticosteroid (triamcinolone) on polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-fabricated multi-walled carbon nanotubes enhances intracellular drug delivery via increased lysosome transport and ultimately suppresses the expression of major pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 from fibroblast-like synoviocytes at a very low drug dose. Specifically, conjugation of triamcinolone and multi-walled carbon nanotubes inactivated nuclear factor-κB via inhibition of the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the serine/threonine kinase Akt. In summary, low-dose triamcinolone conjugation with carbon nanotubes significantly inhibited the inflammatory response of fibroblast-like synoviocytes by achieving highly efficient intracellular trafficking and suggested a potential drug candidate for resolving side effects associated with conventional arthritis treatment.

nanoparticles with a disc shape. The free-standing nanodiscs (NDs) have diameter and thickness of about 630 nm and 30 nm, respectively. The versatility of fabrication technique allows one to cover the ND surface with a protective gold layer with a thickness of about 5 nm. Magnetization reversal has been studied by room-temperature hysteresis loop measurements in water-dispersed free-standing NDs. The reversal shows zero remanence, high susceptibility and nucleation/annihilation fields due to spin vortex formation. In order to investigate their potential use in biomedical applications, the effect of NDs coated with or without the protective gold layer on cell growth has been evaluated. A successful attempt to bind cysteine-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) derivative to the gold surface of magnetic NDs has been exploited to verify the intracellular uptake of the NDs by cytofluorimetric analysis using the FITC conjugate.

Estudou-se o efeito do ácido indol-butírico (AIB) e ácido naftalenoacético (ANA) no enraizamento de estacas do porta-enxerto de videira 'Riparia de Traviú', resultantes da desbrota realizada em plantas situadas no local definitivo, antes de serem enxertadas, visando à obtenção antecipada de novos porta-enxertos. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação com 50% de sombrite, temperatura e nebulização controladas, no pomar didático da Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA. As estacas herbáceas desprovidas de folhas e com comprimento de 15 cm e 8 mm de diâmetro foram imersas em soluções AIB e ANA (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 e 4000 mg.L-1) por 15 segundos e, em seguida, colocadas em bandejas de isopor preenchidas com substrato vermiculita. Após 60 dias, coletaram-se os seguintes dados biométricos: porcentagem de estacas enraizadas e brotadas, número de folhas e brotos, comprimento médio das raízes e biomassa seca das brotações. Não houve efeito significativo das concentrações AIB e ANA para todas as características analisadas. Para a característica porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, obtiveram-se 56,73% de enraizamento sem aplicação de auxinas, podendo esse método resultar na antecipação da obtenção de novos porta-enxertos, utilizando-se material resultante da desbrota.

Social marketers are facing major challenges as the United State's aging population becomes increasingly ethnically diverse. Social marketers are interacting with more elderly immigrants, refugees, and multiethnic populations who hold varying world views and health practices. In the face of the dramatic demographic shift toward diversity, concurrent with major changes in healthcare and Medicare, social marketers need to design effective interventions to reduce racial/ethnic and educational/socioeconomic discrepancies in health. Social marketers are also faced with the cultural adaptation of emerging interactive health communication technologies for minority elders who have two major barriers to achieving this communication: low literacy levels and little access to new technologies. It is imperative that social marketers develop culturally competent skills to work with the unique needs of seniors from diverse cultural backgrounds by understanding their needs, beliefs, and behaviors. Culturally appropriate adaptations and extensive pretesting of health messages for literacy and cultural sensitivity will be essential.

A biometria tem objetiva a mensuração dos organismos observando as relações entre as medidas anatômicas. Objetivou-se fazer uma correlação estatística entre as medidas da mão, do antebraço e do coxim de Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815) avaliando se existe diferença de correlação de acordo com as diferentes fontes de medição e ainda, averiguar se tais medidas se associam ao número de ouro. Foram utilizados 16 cadáveres, pertencentes ao acervo do Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa de Animais Silvestres - UFU e dos museus dos Centros de Educação para o Trânsito da Polícia Militar de Patos de Minas e Unaí. O método adotado foi o quali-quantitativo e as medidas foram da distância entre a epífise distal do dedo III até o carpo, tamanho do osso rádio e do coxim. Os dados foram tabulados em planilhas e as análises estatísticas foram realizadas com o software BioEstat 5.3®. Com base nos resultados conclui-se que existe uma baixa relação da medida “coxim” com os demais dados e que a cada centímetro de acréscimo na variável “mão”, estima-se um aumento de 1,55 cm na quantidade média do tamanho do “osso rádio” e por fim, não existem evidências de que essa razão represente o número de ouro.

The key to ensuring safe operations is not only to undertake appropriate safety reviews and risk assessments but, equally importantly, to ensure that the results of these studies are communicated in a way that can be readily understood by all personnel. Ongoing advances in technology mean that this is now more easily achievable than ever, by producing and linking documents in a dynamic electronic format that will considerably enhance their utility. Such an ‘E-Safety Case’ is being developed for BHP Billiton's Liverpool Bay Asset (LBA) operations.

Abstract The key to ensuring safe operations is not only to undertake appropriate safety reviews and risk assessments but, equally importantly, to ensure that the results of these studies are communicated in a way that can be readily understood by all personnel. Ongoing advances in technology mean that this is now more easily achievable than ever, by producing and linking documents in a dynamic electronic format that will considerably enhance their utility. Such an ‘E-Safety Case’ is being developed for BHP Billiton's Liverpool Bay Asset (LBA) operations.

This paper is about PMRI, the Indonesian version of realistic mathematics education developed in the Netherlands. It is a movement to reform mathematics education in Indonesia. What and why PMRI and the problems and challenges it faces in its development. It began as a small experiment ten years ago, now becomes a national movement.

The Prostate Cancer Outcomes Cohort Study (ProCOC) is a richly annotated bio repository for radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph nodes specimens and serves successfully as foundation for clinical and translational research projects. After accrual of 471 patients with a median follow up of 53 (range: 0.1 – 93.2) months, biochemical recurrence-free and secondary oncological treatment-free survival reached 48 (range: 1.3 – 93.2) and 44.8 (range: 0.1 – 93.2) months, respectively. The study protocol includes storage of serum, plasma and urine samples for further bio repository investigations including translational research and biomarker studies.

発達を評価するということは，小児神経の臨床にとっては常に求められている課題であり，MRIはそれを可能にする有用な方法の一つといえる．白質の髄鞘化をはじめとする発達にともなう微細構造や機能の変化は，水分子の動態に影響を与えることが予想され，見かけの拡散の変化としてDiffusion Tensor Imagingで観察できる．また，神経回路網の再編にともなうシナプス数（密度）や神経細胞の変化は，シナプス周辺部に存在する神経伝導物質に影響をあたえることが示唆され，1H-MRSpectroscopyをもちいることにより主要な神経伝達物質であるグルタミン酸の測定から解析可能である．これらの方法をもちいた発達の評価は，今後，発達異常のメカニズムの解明に役立つことが期待される．

In this article, we will explore how the consumption of ancient letter collections and the development of letter-writing practices, known as dictaminal culture, reflect the grandeur of Durham Cathedral Priory. Located near the Scottish border and in a place with a historical influx of Scandinavians, Durham Cathedral Priory was a distant Benedictine community which stood as one of the most significant examples against the idea of cultural and educational periphery. It had one of the most comprehensive and multidisciplinary libraries in Western Europe, of which a significant part is still available and heavily invested in primary and secondary education. In that context, Durham Cathedral Library was a beacon of erudition, social and political connectiveness and humane growth. Linked to all those advancements, we can find both the consumption of ancient letter collections, which we will present as a product of various techniques and genres and the development of letter-writing techniques, which were inherited from late Antiquity but were transformed into something utterly new in medieval Europe. Therefore, we intend to demonstrate how Durham Cathedral Priory was an epistolary stronghold in all senses, which allowed it to grow further than any other distant and small community in England.

El agua es el recurso natural más importante para la supervivencia del ser humano. Las diversas actividades que se desarrollan para alcanzar la calidad de vida en las sociedades están entorno a la disponibilidad de agua, tanto en calidad como en cantidad. Contar con suficiente agua de buena calidad es clave para que las sociedades prosperen y mejoren sus condiciones de vida. En México, la Ley de Aguas Nacionales (LAN) establece que el uso doméstico representa la primera prioridad en derecho de acceso al agua; esto es, antes de los usos agrícolas, industriales, mineros o ambientales, las personas tienen prioridad. Por otro lado, los datos proporcionados por las autoridades responsables de la administración del agua establecen que el país tiene una cobertura nacional promedio de suministro de agua potable para las comunidades de aproximadamente 92 %. Esto es, a nivel nacional, aproximadamente 9 de cada 10 personas tienen alguna forma de suministro de agua potable [1]. Sin embargo, las estimaciones futuras al respecto establecen que la disponibilidad se irá reduciendo conforme se vaya incrementando la demanda. Por ejemplo, se proyecta que del año 2000 al 2030, se reducirá la disponibilidad hasta en casi 1000 m3/hab/año [2].

Clinical and survival data for 198 patients from a cohort of 290 patients.

SPSS file