China Association of Rural Energy Industry

Residential solid fuel combustion is a major source of many pollutants, resulting in significant impacts on air quality and human health. Improved stoves, especially some modern gasifier biomass models, are being deployed to alleviate household and ambient air pollution. Pollutant emissions from coal burning in improved metal stoves (n = 11) and wood combustion in modern gasifier stoves (n = 8) were measured in field in Hubei, China. The emissions of CO, TSP, OC, EC, and PAHs from coal burning in the improved iron stoves were generally lower than previously reported results for coal in traditional stoves. For pollutants from wood combustion in the gasifier stoves, the emissions were less than literature-reported values for wood burned in traditional stoves, comparable to those in improved stoves, but appeared to be higher than those for pellets in gasifier stoves in laboratory tests. The limitations of scarce data and large variances result in statistical insignificance. Daily emissions of targeted pollutants per household were found to be higher for wood burners, compared with households relying on coal. The gasifier stove had relatively high thermal efficiencies, but emissions of most air pollutants per delivered energy were not significantly different from those from the coal burning in improved iron stoves. Moreover, higher emissions of OC, EC, and PAHs were observed, indicating that caution and additional testing will be needed while designing future clean cookstove intervention programs.

There are about 900 million people living in rural areas in China.Rural renewable energy plays a very important role in the energy system,which influences the environment,economy and social development of China.The energy resource and rural energy consumption structure are introduced firstly,indicating that it is being converted from traditional structure to modern structure.Based on the application situation of different renewable energy technologies,the development of CDM project for renewable energy is summarized in the paper.Finally,it reports the related policies and suggestions for development of rural renewable energy.

In the near and medium terms, liquid biofuels will serve as a key strategic energy carrier to replace fossil fuels with cleaner energy. They will provide an effective way to flexibly decarbonise road transport.

With the large-scale access of new energy, due to its different power generation characteristics of different types of subjects, and the existence of randomness, volatility characteristics. On this basis, this paper introduces energy block technology, designs different energy block varieties according to the power output characteristics of different new energy subjects, and establishes a medium- and long-term trading organization process based on standard energy blocks, which greatly improves the standardization and flexibility of the electricity market and provides an important theoretical support for the large-scale access of new energy subjects. It provides important theoretical support for the large-scale access of new energy entities.

In order to optimize the technology of biogas purification and storage style,three typical biogas projects in the northern region of China were studied in this article.The following conclusions were drawn: the bio-chemical combined method is an effective method for purification of high H2S biogas;the dry type biogas storage cabinet should be adopted in northern region;long-distance transmission of biogas should utilize the high pressure dry type biogas storage system;dry and double membrane biogas storage device was suitable for biogas power generation project.These were proved in the three biogas projects.

An investigation on wild plant resources was taken at Qipan Mountain Forest Park in Liaoning Province.The result showed that 264 seed plants belonging to 69 families 187genus were found in this area.Based on quality and usage,all of them were sorted to medicinal plants,decorative plants,pesticide plants,wild vegetable plants,edible-fruit plants,fibre plants,forage plants,timber plants,oil plants and aromatic plants.After listing representative and high economic value sorts and analyzing characteristic of wild plant resources in this area,some suggestion for reasonable development were taken.

ObjectiveTo systematically assess the public health governance capacity in Zhejiang Province, to conduct an in-depth analysis of its strengths and weaknesses, so as to provide scientific basis and strategic recommendations for further enhancement.MethodsA systematic collection of policy documents, public information reports, and research literature related to public health governance capacity in Zhejiang Province from 2002 to 2023 was conducted (encompassing a total of 1 263 policy documents, 138 pieces of information reports and 631 research articles). Based on the evaluation criteria suitable for public health systems previously developed by the research team, the basic status and magnitude of change in public health governance capacity in Zhejiang Province was evaluated. Additionally, normative gap analyses were employed to identify the strengths and weaknesses.ResultsZhejiang Province ranked 4th nationwide in terms of public health governance capacity with a score of 733.4 points (1 000.0-point maximum). The province has effectively implemented the principle of health first (scoring 698.5 points in the assessment of health-first strategy implementation) and attached sufficient importance to health-related goals (scoring 658.2 points in the scientific rationality of goal setting). However, the implementation of inter-departmental coordination and incentive mechanisms only scored 178.7 points, the feasibility of management and monitoring mechanisms scored even lower at only 144.0 points, and the coverage of incentive mechanisms scored 286.0 points.ConclusionZhejiang Province has effectively implemented its health first strategy and attached great importance to health targets, but still needs to strengthen cross-departmental coordination mechanisms and health-oriented incentives.

Rice–crab co-culture systems (RC) represent promising sustainable intensification approaches, yet their nitrogen (N) cycling and optimal fertilization strategies remain poorly characterized. In this study, we compared RC with rice monoculture system (RM) across four N gradients (0, 150, 210, and 270 kg N·hm−2), assessing N dynamics in field water and N distribution in soil. The results showed that field water ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentrations increased nonlinearly, showing sharp increases beyond 210 kg N·hm−2. Notably, crab activity in the RC altered the N transformation and transport processes, leading to a prolonged presence of nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) in field water for two additional days after tillering fertilization compared to RM. This indicates a critical window for potential nitrogen loss risk, rather than enhanced retention, 15 days after basal fertilizer application. Compared to RM, RC exhibited enhanced nitrogen retention capacity, with NO3−-N concentrations remaining elevated for an additional two days following tillering fertilization, suggesting a potential critical period for nitrogen loss risk. Post-harvest soil analysis revealed contrasting nitrogen distribution patterns: RC showed enhanced NH4+-N accumulation in surface layers (0–2 cm) with minimal vertical NO3−-N redistribution, while RM exhibited progressive NO3−-N increases in subsurface layers (2–10 cm) with increasing fertilizer rates. The 210 kg N·hm−2 rate proved optimal for the RC, producing a rice yield 12.08% higher than that of RM and sustaining high crab yields, while avoiding the excessive aqueous N levels seen at higher rates. It is important to note that these findings are based on a single-site, single-growing season field experiment conducted in Panjin, Liaoning Province, and thus the general applicability of the optimal nitrogen rate may require further validation across diverse environments. We conclude that a fertilization rate of 210 kg N·hm−2 is the optimal strategy for RC, effectively balancing productivity and environmental sustainability. This finding provides a clear, quantitative guideline for precise N management in integrated aquaculture systems.

Development characteristics of China solar industry in 2006 were introduced.Considering these aspects of implementing brand strategy and sustainable development factors in solar thermal utilization industry,plentiful and substantial fruit obtained in China development and application of solar thermal utilization industry was discussed.Solar water heater market,technical testing and successful experience of industry development from large enterprises were highlighted.Combining solar energy-saving buildings facing development opportunities in new country construction,some proposals of ensuring industry sustainable development were put forward.