Consortium of European Social Science Data Archives

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue. One key factor contributing to AMR is the ability of bacteria to export drugs through efflux pumps, which relies on the ATP-dependent expression and interaction of several controlling genes. Recent studies have shown that significant cell-to-cell ATP variability exists within clonal bacterial populations, but the contribution of intrinsic cell-to-cell ATP heterogeneity is generally overlooked in understanding efflux pumps. Here, we consider how ATP variability influences gene regulatory networks controlling expression of efflux pump genes in two bacterial species. We develop and apply a generalizable Boolean modelling framework, developed to incorporate the dependence of gene expression dynamics on available cellular energy supply. Theoretical results show that differences in energy availability can cause pronounced downstream heterogeneity in efflux gene expression. Cells with higher energy availability have a superior response to stressors. Furthermore, in the absence of stress, model bacteria develop heterogeneous pulses of efflux pump gene expression which contribute to a sustained sub-population of cells with increased efflux expression activity, potentially conferring a continuous pool of intrinsically resistant bacteria. This modelling approach thus reveals an important source of heterogeneity in cell responses to antimicrobials and sheds light on potentially targetable aspects of efflux pump-related antimicrobial resistance.

The European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) initiative already has a high impact on structured access to Open Data and with the current funding by the European Commission of implementation projects, the interdisciplinary exploitation of data can only improve. The future EOSC is shaped along action lines that are detailed in close collaboration between the EOSC governance boards and ESFRI.<br> EOSCsecretariat.eu is undertaking pooling of stakeholder views on the implementation of EOSC. This document presents a collection of five position papers from ESFRI cluster projects.<br> The ESFRI cluster projects were launched in 2019 in order to implement interfaces to integrate computer and data management solutions, to create cross-border and open cooperation spaces and to promote clouds via the EOSC portal for a larger user community.

The SSHOC project aims to build a Social Sciences and Humanities Open Cloud (SSHOC) as part of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by implementing a cloud-based infrastructure. The goal is to provide a recognisable and accessible environment for data, tools, services and trainings, and to maximise data reuse through Open Science and FAIR principles. In line with these goals, this report provides an inventory of data formats and metadata standards that are currently used and relevant for the research infrastructures currently managed by the SSHOC main stakeholders, recommendations of specific formats and standards for increasing interoperability, and prioritisations for providing conversion services and planning solutions. In the context of this deliverable, selected experts from the SSHOC stakeholder's infrastructures were interviewed about research data and metadata use in their respective infrastructures. Special attention was paid to interoperability aspects. The interviews and the desk research indicated both the diversity of the SSHOC communities and the diversity of metadata standards used and needed. Therefore, this deliverable recommends a variety of metadata standards and data formats. The recommended metadata standards include domain specific metadata standards for each domain but also Dublin Core and relaxed DataCite for all domains. The diversity of SSHOC communities is also shown in their data: there is a large selection of different media types and an enormous selection of data formats. The recommended data formats include a small selection of data formats for some general media types e.g. images, text annotations. The format for controlled vocabularies was also examined and SKOS was selected as the recommended format. It is worth noting that hardly any recommendation can fulfill all the use cases, so other metadata standards, data formats and formats for controlled vocabularies may still be used when necessary. The priorities for providing conversion services and planning solutions were decided based on the interviews and on the needs from other SSHOC tasks. The challenges and solutions are analysed for each SSHOC community and both the priority and the needed actions are specified. We expect the prioritisation to change in the course of the project with the appearance of new requirements. Beyond WP3, this document is relevant to WP4, WP5, WP7 and WP9. Ongoing discussion between the work packages and tasks is needed. The authors of this report wish to thank the interviewed informants for their time and valuable contribution.

Abstract Changes in understanding and interpretation of decision-making processes have shed more light on complex interplay given the different settings, and different actors. The limitations in human decision-making and their significance and long-term implications on organizational management or policy making inspired a large body of evidence and research. Exploration of decision-making processes spans over decades, and is closely connected to the role of power; the amount of power in organizations is usually joined by the knowledge and prior experience, which together play a significant role in decision-making process, as well in selection of candidates for the job. However, there is an evident void concerning publications on decision-making processes in academic institutions, and it rapidly becomes the focus of interest due to a specific opposition contained in its core; positions of high level administrators are held by the university professors with no mandatory previous experience and/or knowledge in organisational management.

A landscape report of major international (outside of Europe) research infrastructures. The report is the final product of the RISCAPE project, funded by the European Commission H2020 programme. <br> This is the consolidated version, with the appendices included, and represents the version available 30/12/2019.

Experts from 47 European research infrastructure initiatives and ERICs have agreed on a set of assertions about the nature, the creation and the usage of Persistent Identifiers (PIDs). This work was done in close synchronisation with the RDA Data Fabric Interest Group (DFIG) ensuring a global validation of the assertions. The intention of this cross-disciplinary report is to overcome still existing confusions about PIDs and the lack of detail knowledge in many disciplines. It is not meant to produce yet another comprehensive document on PIDs, but to identify agreements across documents that have been suggested to be included by experts. With this document GEDE (Group of European Data Experts in RDA Europe) is happy to help demystify PIDs, overcome confusion and create bridges between the various disciplines.

BY-COVID Work Package 3 is focused on services for the discovery and integration of COVID-19 data by delivering a flexible, tiered metadata discovery system across different domains, metadata standards, and maturity/robustness levels of data sources. This will enable the linking of FAIR data and metadata on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, on other related viruses and diseases, and on socio-economic consequences, across research fields, from omics, clinical, and epidemiological research, to social sciences and humanities. In a series of work package meetings and a workshop, with participation from all other work packages, we have surveyed community metadata standards used by (potential) BY-COVID-19 portal resources (4.1), defined a flexible, three-tiered approach to metadata indexing in the COVID-19 portal (section 4.2), derived common metadata attributes for record level discovery (4.3) and established a workflow with FAIRsharing for resource level metadata capture and exchange (4.4). This work establishes the basis for the further development of the COVID-19 Portal metadata discovery and provides a path for integration of metadata from multi-domain partners in BY-COVID, as well as our ISIDORe sibling project, and relevant external resources. To ensure smooth integration of partner-provided metadata, we will run a technical workshop open to all partners, discussing workflows, metadata attributes and formats, and support tools.

This document delivers the results of Task 7.2 “Development of the Marketplace application” of the Social Sciences and Humanities Open Cloud (SSHOC) project funded by the European Commission under Grant Agreement #823782. Its main purpose is to describe the actual implementation of the SSH Open Marketplace application on the background of the system specification (delivered in 2019 as D7.1 System Specification - SSH Open Marketplace). The SSH Open Marketplace is a discovery portal which pools and contextualises resources for Social Sciences and Humanities research communities: tools, services, training materials, datasets and workflows. The Marketplace highlights and showcases solutions and research practices for every step of the SSH research data life cycle. Based on an agile methodology and an iterative process of releases, the implementation of the SSH Open Marketplace is carefully described here, and this deliverable represents a companion to the final release of the application (in December 2021). Three other complementary WP7 deliverables published between September and December 2021 are also documenting and supporting the final release: D7.3 Marketplace Interoperability; D7.4 Marketplace Data population &amp; curation and D7.5 Marketplace Governance. Following the requirements engineering process and the first iterations of the data model and system architecture presented in the System Specification, this implementation report describes the methodology used to ensure the quality of the SSH Open Marketplace software, and presents the latest iteration of the data model and system architecture supported by the rationales for the implementation choices. Key components and features, as well as other aspects of the system like its configuration, deployment or its API are described giving a technical insight into the creation of this discovery portal. Embedded in the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) ecosystem, the SSH Open Marketplace has also been developed to contribute to the resources discoverability layer of the EOSC and to ensure, thanks to its user-friendly interface, an entry door to the EOSC for social scientists and humanists.

Within task 5.2 (Hosting and sharing data repositories) of the SSHOC project, repository software is being developed based on Dataverse, for the sharing and publication of research data within the Social Science and Humanities (SSH) domain. Dataverse is open-source research data repository software developed by the Institute for Quantitative Social Science (IQSS), Harvard University. This document describes the work done by task 5.2, for the development of ‘Archive in a Box’ repository software and proof of concept of centralised installation in the cloud. The ‘Archive in a Box’ makes the installation of Dataverse repository software easier for institutes with a lack of technical staff. This document describes the advantages of such a package. Additionally, task 5.2 worked on a proof of concept of a centralised cloud installation of the Dataverse software at the Google cloud infrastructure of CESSDA ERIC. A cloud installation makes it possible to automate the installation and keep the application up and running, for instance by scaling up or down resources when needed. Another advantage of a cloud orchestrator is the ability to start a new component or part of the application, if it should fail for some reason. Furthermore, task 5.2 developed several additional functionalities to the Dataverse software to make the software more compliant to the needs of the SSH communities in Europe. This document describes the results of the accomplished work, and refers to technical details published in GitHub repositories. Already many of the results of task 5.2 are used by the European and Global Dataverse community and some functionalities are integrated in the new versions of the Dataverse master branch of Harvard.

Upitnik emocionalne kompetentnosti (UEK-45, Takšić, 1998, 2002) temelji se na hijerarhijskom modelu emocionalne inteligencije (EI), koji EI definira kao sposobnost percepcije i izražavanja emocija, integracije emocija u procese mišljenja, razumijevanja emocija te sposobnost upravljanja emocijama. Do sada je korišten u velikom broju istraživanja i preveden na više od 10 svjetskih jezika, međutim, ne postoji prilagođena i provjerena verzija upitnika koja bi bila primjerena djeci osnovnoškolske dobi. S obzirom na važnost istraživanja emocionalnih aspekata dječjeg razvoja, nužno je imati provjerene mjere na temelju kojih se mogu donositi valjani zaključci. Ovo je istraživanje prvi korak u prilagodbi Upitnika emocionalne kompetentnosti za djecu. U istraživanju je sudjelovao 171 ispitanik, učenici viših razreda osnovne škole, u dobi od 11 do 15 godina te 277 ispitanika 5. i 6. razreda, iz osnovnih škola iz Rijeke i Rovinja. Upitnik emocionalne kompetentnosti za djecu zadržao je originalnu trofaktorsku strukturu uz dobru sadržajnu valjanost i pouzdanost (koja je jedino nešto niža za podljestvicu Regulacije i upravljanja emocijama). Dobivene su očekivane umjerene korelacije s osobinama ličnosti iz modela velikih pet. Što se tiče kriterijske valjanosti, emocionalna kompetentnost značajno je povezana s altruističnim ponašanjem te sa školskim uspjehom (iako vrlo nisko), a nije dobivena povezanost s agresivnim ponašanjem iako se prema dosadašnjim istraživanjima ona očekuje. Upitnik je jezično i brojem čestica prilagođen djeci. U daljnjim istraživanjima potrebno je sadržajno prilagoditi upitnik kako bi se obuhvatilo što više aspekata emocionalne inteligencije te dodatno provjeriti strukturu upitnika. Ključne riječi: emocionalna kompetentnost, UEK-D, rana adolescencija, osobine ličnosti velikih pet

This document describes the current architecture of the EOSC Recommendation System and provides guidelines for three integration options with external service components. The intended audience for the AI/ML Recommender System Interoperabilty Guideline is technical experts who would like learn how to design their services to be interoperable or integrate with the EOSC Recommender System (EOSC-RS) and/or who would like their resources (data sets) to be integrated within the EOSC-RS architecture. It is also for software engineers who would like to design and develop recommendation engines to be integrated within the EOSC-RS architecture.

This report is the first deliverable of Task 8.2 “Trust &amp; Quality Assurance” within WP8 of the SSHOC project. The distributed character of data infrastructures within the SSHOC communities requires developing an agreed approach to assessing the trustworthiness and quality of data repositories. This deliverable provides an overview of Trusted Digital Repository (TDR) standards offering a certification framework for communities represented in the SSHOC project (CESSDA, CLARIN, DARIAH, E-RIHS). Moreover, the deliverable lays the ground for the SSHOC trust work that is needed in order to facilitate the adoption of TDR standards and the FAIR principles in SSH data repositories across the board. In this report, ‘trust’ refers to the landscape of issues, standards and processes related to trustworthy digital repositories. Trust between all parties in the quality of data and services is critical for research infrastructure in terms of people, processes and technologies. The level of trustworthiness can be assessed through evaluation against agreed requirements. The SSHOC project unites 20 partner organisations and a further 25 linked third parties. When this report refers to the SSHOC repositories, it means the research data repositories within CESSDA ERIC, CLARIN ERIC, DARIAH ERIC and E-RIHS communities regardless of their participation in the SSHOC project. It is also important to note that in the context of this report, the term ‘quality’ refers to the technical quality of the repositories i.e. their compliance with the Trusted Digital Repository standards, not to the scientific quality of their digital assets. In line with the aims of Task 8.2, the report specifies modes of support in building trust and helping repositories reach TDR certification. The report charts the current trust landscape within the SSHOC communities and selects the repositories that will be the main focus of the support activities provided by Task 8.2 at later stages in the project. In addition, the report outlines a certification plan for these repositories. All repositories within the SSHOC communities are potential recipients of support from Task 8.2, but the efforts must be aligned with realistic expectations of progress during the project timeframe. CoreTrustSeal is selected as the standard TDR certification reference within the task. Due to the diversity of repositories within the SSHOC communities, a flexible yet sustainable approach to trust is needed that is adaptable to a wide variety of data infrastructures. The CoreTrustSeal provides a demonstrable approach to internal and external review, providing a means to determine the strengths and weaknesses of data stewards and a basis for comparison between them. However, certain types of organisations for which the CoreTrustSeal requirements are not applicable are also identified. Task 8.2 helps identify these cases and thus develop the CoreTrustSeal framework to better support a variety of repositories. Further work for Task 8.2 includes the provision of recommendations for sustainably maintaining trust across the SSH ERICs beyond the lifetime of the SSHOC project. This document is relevant to the SSH ERICs and to repositories across the SSHOC communities. There are no direct dependencies with other SSHOC tasks, but Task 8.2 aligns itself as necessary with both SSHOC tasks and existing EOSC-related efforts promoting trust and the FAIR principles.

Research data should be managed, curated, stored and shared in a way that lives up to the expectations regarding trustworthiness and quality, provides sustainability and preserves the investments. The Trustworthy Digital Repository standards which have emerged from the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) reference model offer a certification solution for repositories. CoreTrustSeal (CTS) offers baseline certification and supports the concept of outsourcing. Adopting workflows and guidelines from CoreTrustSeal is also a way to assure that the data published by the repository follow the FAIR principles. Even outside of the formal certification framework the CoreTrustSeal criteria provide a demonstrable approach to internal and external review, supporting a benchmark for comparison and a means to determine the strengths and weaknesses of data repositories. This deliverable is the final deliverable of the SSHOC Task 8.2 Trust &amp; Quality Assurance. It will describe the certification standards of Trustworthy Digital Repositories (TDRs) from the perspective of the SSH domain and summarise the certification support activities provided to the SSHOC community. The experiences gained from the support process will be considered in addition to the results of the examination of the trust in the domain of Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) and the certification landscape. The support activities are based on the earlier work of T8.2 outlined in the Deliverable 8.1 Certification plan for SSHOC repositories, which laid the ground for the SSHOC trust work to facilitate the adoption of TDR standards and the FAIR principles in SSH data repositories. In this deliverable, ‘trust’ refers to the myriad of issues, standards and processes related to the level of trustworthiness of digital repositories. The deliverable will also discuss possible certification solutions for SSH repositories, consider the complex partnership models of TDRs and outsourcing of their services, and examine how trust can be sustainably managed after the SSHOC project. The experiences and feedback gained from the trust support work demonstrate that the support process has been beneficial for the repositories involved and allowed them to improve their procedures. While certification can be resource-intensive for certain repositories, there are few alternatives for a lighter certification beyond the core certification. The diversity of the SSH repository and data service landscape means that there is no certification solution suitable for all. Complex partnership models and outsourcing of services should also be considered when seeking certification. In some cases, organisations may opt for an assessment instead of formal certification. This has proven beneficial and useful for certain data services in improving their practices. Ensuring the sustainable management of trust is not solely dependent on assessment or certification, as trust goes beyond the technical aspects of repositories and also involves people. Therefore, future endeavours to manage trust should make use of the existing and planned networks of trustworthy repositories that can share both expertise and responsibility, while recognising the need for more enduring sources of funding for managing trust sustainably.

This report is based on the discussions and presentations that took place at the Workshop on Sustainable Software Sustainability (www.software.ac.uk/wosss19) in April 2019 (WOSSS19). It captures the state of the art for a range of Software Sustainability themes that were brought up by the organisers and attendees of the workshop.

This deliverable pertains to SSHOC Task 3.1 which was responsible for investigating and providing resources and tools to support the multilingual aspects of the future pan-EU SSH infrastructure. Making data and services accessible and usable in SSH is very much also a matter of providing relevant translations, translation of metadata concepts, multilingual vocabularies, terminology extraction across languages, multilingual databases. The deliverable offers a detailed report on the gathering and translation of relevant SSH metadata, ontologies and vocabularies for the use-cases indicated in the task’s topics: multilingual metadata concepts and vocabularies, the multilingual occupation ontology, with cross-country female occupational titles. In accordance with SSHOC and the EOSC FAIR recommendations and requirements, the metadata vocabularies and ontologies have been published via several different formats and facilities. Section 1. The introduction sets the landscape and describes the need of multilingual vocabularies both for classification and discovery in the context of a cloud-based infrastructure that will offer access to research data and related services adapted to the needs of the SSH community. Section 2. “Multilingual metadata” investigates the possibility to use and test Natural Language Processing (NLP) approaches and Machine Translation (MT) to make the metadata more accessible using national languages other than English. A selected case study was the recommended metadata set of the CLARIN Concept Registry (CCR): the whole set of metadata and definitions were translated into French, Greek, and Italian. The section describes the machine-translation and evaluation process, also comparing different technologies. Section 3. “Multilingual vocabularies and ontologies” introduces two other typical case-studies. The first one addresses one of the pressing needs in social sciences research. Many surveys, indeed, ask respondents to specify their occupation and the occupational ontology is used for the survey questions. For many languages the occupational titles for males and females are not identical. In section 3.1 the enrichment of the occupational ontology with lists for male and female titles, is described for many languages, namely for Dutch, German, Slovenian and French. The second case study focuses on the automatic extraction of terminology from texts: a list of domain- specific terms was automatically extracted from a corpus of Data Curation and Stewardship, validated by domain experts, automatically translated into multiple languages (Dutch, French, German, Greek, Italian, Slovenian) and linked to other existing terminologies. Section 4. describes the SKOS-ification and publication process of the results, together with the challenges posed by multilinguality. Section 5. offers an overview of the exploitation and sustainability of the results and how these are made available to the community. Finally the Conclusions provide some reflections on Machine Translation approaches adopted for translating the vocabularies into multiple languages, the advantages in terms of time saving and some first recommendations to the community.

THE SCIENCE CLUSTERS are EU collaborative projects that were launched in 2019 to link ESFRI and other world-class Research Infrastructures (RIs) to the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC). The main impacts of the Science Clusters’ work programme concern: the improved access of researchers to data, tools and resources, leading to new insights and innovation for data-driven science both within and beyond the context of the domains in which the clusters are rooted; the creation of a cross-border open innovation environment for FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data management for economies of scale, to develop synergies and rise the efficiency and productivity of researchers through open-science standards and thematic services; the enhanced co-developments to foster the cross-domain interoperability central to the EOSC goal. The Science Clusters are an integral part of EOSC. Their services and outcomes are now forming the core of the emerging EOSC fabric. As important partners of EOSC, Science Clusters contribute to its development and its implementation process. Importantly, the Science Clusters form a natural collaboration between the ESFRI RIs’ management boards partners in the clusters. As EOSC matures and begins delivering data and services for European research, a discussion is needed to stimulate the Open Science practices, cross-domain interoperability and long-term coordination of the scientific communities covered by the five Science Clusters. <strong>This position paper contributes formally to explain the urgent need of EC to support a longer-term role of the five Science Clusters to provide content to the EOSC, to enhance researchers’ involvement in Open Science and to suggest potential cooperative pathways in the Horizon-Europe framework and along with the EOSC Association roadmap.</strong> This paper is aimed at highlighting: Expectations of the clusters and the concerned research communities, pointing out a common structured vision and a series of suggestions for the future. A more detailed analysis from each cluster, that is provided for completeness.

The creation of a FAIR benchmark by a community is dependent upon that community’s knowledge of its own (meta)data structures as well as its understanding of the FAIR principles themselves. While expertise of their own data structures is high, community knowledge of FAIR is generally lower. OSTrails has created this template document to gather narrative requirements as the first step in defining FAIR and creating a community FAIR benchmark. This document allows community representatives to define how each of the FAIR principles should be implemented for that community. The resulting narrative document can be used to create the conceptual components of the Assess-IF (benchmark and associated metrics).

This report focuses on the metadata as a specific type of research data in the humanities by analysing key metadata elements – persistent identifiers (PIDs), abstracts, keywords and citations. It defines those elements, outlines challenges for processing them in the humanities and presents the challenges for GoTriple as the metadata aggregator of this kind of research data.<br> The assumption is that GoTriple is a specific kind of research dataset on its own that can and will be reused by stakeholders such as other metadata aggregators, indexers,<br> publishers, information services (i.e. providers of scholarly metrics), but also scientists interested in data-driven research (cultural analytics, scientometrics, bibliometrics, etc.). This demands a good understanding of key metadata elements important to GoTriple's<br> aggregation and enrichment processes (abstracts, keywords) and their development (PIDs, citations).<br> Chapter 1 defines the aim of the deliverable, context of its creation and its audience.<br> Chapter 2 discusses the specificity of the research data in the humanities and this report’s position in the rich discussions on the topic.<br> Chapter 3 – dedicated to PIDs – presents the overview of the topic and the challenges related to the PID’s uptake by the humanities, such as the role of cultural heritage data for the humanities, importance of bibliodiversity and multilingualism (subchapter 3.1), then it<br> proceeds to the discussion of processing PIDs from GoTriple’s data providers by focusing on data dispersion and heterogeneity (subchapter 3.2).<br> Chapter 4 – dedicated to keywords – begins with the typology of keywords and the expected standards they should adhere to (subchapter 4.1). Subchapter 4.2 tackles the issue of automated generation of keywords and proposes different approaches applicable in the context of GoTriple. In the subchapter 4.3 a current approach to keyword organisation in GoTriple is presented, with focus on the GoTriple vocabulary that responds to the need for keywords LOD-ification and can be in the future reused for automated keyword generation.<br> Chapter 5 – dedicated to abstracts – starts with the comprehensive presentation of the abstract ecosystem, offering also a specific perspective on SSH. Subchapter 5.2 offers solutions to the issues of “missing abstracts” which are aimed at the needs of the GoTriple platform.<br> Chapter 6 – dedicated to citations – offers an overview of the topic and its relevance to the SSH. In the subchapter 6.2 an analysis of issues related to GoTriple’s expression of citation data is presented (that relates especially to the challenge of processing different citation formats and citation data quality).<br> Each chapter concludes with a summary of the guidelines for the specific metadata type for the humanities.<br>

This workshop aims at supporting researchers interested in creating a workflow in the SSH Open Marketplace, to share best practices methods with the community. Selected participants will be supported by the members of the Editorial Board of this discovery portal to write and document their research scenarios.

As part of its efforts to promote good practice for own-use software development and help meet its five common interoperability characteristics, CESSDA has defined a software maturity matrix. The work was initially based on NASA’s Reuse Readiness Levels and revised in accordance with the "Capability Development Model" from the CESSDA SaW project. It now features ten criteria and five levels for each. It can be used when evaluating 3rd party software for potential adoption, or as acceptance criteria for components developed for use within CESSDA’s Research Infrastructure. Whilst it gives an indication of the general technical quality and likely maintainability and extensibility of a software product, it doesn’t address its fitness for purpose for performing domain-specific tasks. This core can easily be extended to incorporate additional criteria and levels for a given domain, but what are they in the case of DDI and does the community want or need such a software maturity matrix? The presentation covers the origins of CESSDA’s software maturity matrix, looks at the core criteria and levels and goes on to suggest some DDI-specific extensions. A straw poll at the end will give an initial answer to the question about the community’s enthusiasm or otherwise!