Czech Academy of Sciences, Library

Heme biosynthesis represents one of the most essential metabolic pathways in living organisms, providing the precursors for cytochrome prosthetic groups, photosynthetic pigments, and vitamin B(12). Using genomic data, we have compared the heme pathway in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae to those of green algae and higher plants, as well as to those of heterotrophic eukaryotes (fungi, apicomplexans, and animals). Phylogenetic analyses showed the mosaic character of this pathway in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Although most of the algal and plant enzymes showed the expected plastid (cyanobacterial) origin, at least one of them (porphobilinogen deaminase) appears to have a mitochondrial (alpha-proteobacterial) origin. Another enzyme, glutamyl-tRNA synthase, obviously originated in the eukaryotic nucleus. Because all the plastid-targeted sequences consistently form a well-supported cluster, this suggests that genes were either transferred from the primary endosymbiont (cyanobacteria) to the primary host nucleus shortly after the primary endosymbiotic event or replaced with genes from other sources at an equally early time, i.e., before the formation of three primary plastid lineages. The one striking exception to this pattern is ferrochelatase, the enzyme catalyzing the first committed step to heme and bilin pigments. In this case, two red algal sequences do not cluster either with the other plastid sequences or with cyanobacterial sequences and appear to have a proteobacterial origin like that of the apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium and Toxoplasma. Although the heterokonts also acquired their plastid via secondary endosymbiosis from a red alga, the diatom has a typical plastid-cyanobacterial ferrochelatase. We have not found any remnants of the plastidlike heme pathway in the nonphotosynthetic heterokonts Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora sojae.

This bibiliography (completing the previous one, JILEK 1981a) contains about 130 references dealing with statistical tolerance regions. References are classified according to the type of probability distribution concerned and according to some other criteria as well

Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Omega"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Ω </mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be a Cartan domain of rank <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="r"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">r</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and genus <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper B Subscript nu"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi> ν </mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">B_\nu</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="nu greater-than p minus 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi> ν </mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\nu &gt;p-1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , the Berezin transform on <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Omega"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Ω </mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> ; the number <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper B Subscript nu Baseline f left-parenthesis z right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi> ν </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">B_{\nu }f(z)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> can be interpreted as a certain invariant-mean-value of a function <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> around <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="z"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">z</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . We show that a Lebesgue integrable function satisfying <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f equals upper B Subscript nu Baseline f equals upper B Subscript nu plus 1 Baseline f equals midline-horizontal-ellipsis equals upper B Subscript nu plus r Baseline f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi> ν </mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi> ν </mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ⋯ </mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi> ν </mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f=B_\nu f=B_{\nu +1}f=\dots =B_{\nu +r}f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="nu greater-than-or-equal-to p"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi> ν </mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\nu \ge p</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , must be <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper M"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathcal {M}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics>

Abstract In recent years, the value of public library services has tended to be evaluated using the contingent valuation method. This is able to reveal readers’ hidden preferences. However, it appears that the total value of a public library as expressed by one number leads to a methodological bias related to the difficulty of assessing the value of one standard book loan. Moreover, this approach does not reflect the needs of public libraries’ management. Therefore, this study focuses on a detailed investigation of the most important public library service, book loans. For this purpose, we have employed statistical models to identify the significant determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) for book loans and WTP for purchasing books, respectively. The results suggest that loan services have the greatest perceived value for students, people who are economically active. Management who are interested in increasing the success of their institution across society must also know the perceived value of individual books so that they can adjust their library's acquisition policy. It was found that novels had the highest perceived value, followed by educational literature in the fields of economics and education as well as information science. This entirely new analytical method of measuring WTP for public services raises many new implications that could change the strategies of individual libraries – as well as the public policy strategies of donors and library ownership.

Background. Patients on chronic anticoagulation face a higher risk of peptic ulcer bleeding. In this setting, the risk-benefit equation of anticoagulation resumption remains undefined. Aims. To compare the risk of thrombosis and death between patients that resumed and did not resume anticoagulation after an index episode of peptic ulcer bleeding. The secondary objective was to compare time to re-bleeding between the groups. Methods. Retrospective cohort study of adult patients that suffered an index episode of peptic ulcer bleeding while on chronic anticoagulation. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they resumed or not anticoagulation and were followed-up for one year. A multivariable, propensity score-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was used to adjust for confounding. Adjusted survival curves were constructed. Results. 70 patients were included in the analysis; 64.3% were men. Median age at the time of PUB was 79 years (interquartile range (IQR): 72-83). Forty patients (57.1%) resumed anticoagulation after a median time of 15 days (IQR 5.25-41.75). Restarting anticoagulation was associated with a lower risk of thrombosis or death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.14; 95%CI 0.05-0.43) and did not increase the risk of recurrent bleeding significantly (HR 1.42; 95% CI 0.10-19.8). Conclusions. Resuming anticoagulation appears to reduce the hazard of thrombosis and death without increasing the risk of recurrent bleeding significantly.

This essay is about the disappearance of postmodernism from the debates on the nature of science, conditions of knowledge, targets of higher education, and prospects of interdisciplinarity. It is argued that postmodern declarations of the end of ideological battles, together with the critiques of universalising concepts related to science, knowledge, and education, have been recaptured in 'new' vocabularies promoted by neoliberal approaches. While postmodernism dismissed many of the meanings previously attached to knowledge and education, it also opened up space to expand on them in terms of their exchange value. The essay shows how neoliberal approaches attacked this space and developed a systematic conception that links knowledge and education to the rationality of the market. The 'new' vocabulary clearly expresses universalising claims, as this is evident in the usage of such concepts as the knowledge revolution, the knowledge economy, public relevance, social impact, or excellence. This essay concludes with a discussion of how these tendencies are affecting sociology and its disciplinary identity in terms of both its educational and its research activities. In general, it is claimed that the regressive effects of the neoliberal regime of knowledge on sociology cannot be avoided, as the overall academic, institutional, and material context now being constructed by the 'new' knowledge ideology does not overlap with the intellectual claims on which sociology was founded. The essay also discusses the possible dissipation of sociology within applied social studies and the changing relation of sociology and its publics.

This study presents the until now unknown Lower Austrian book collection from the end of the 16th century, which is, indeed, unique in many aspects. It was carried off to Sweden as part of literary war booty from Bohemia and Moravia towards the end of the Thirty Years' War. The aim of this study is to fill in one of the gaps in our knowledge of Central European aristocratic libraries in the Early Modern Age. After all, Beck's Library was one of the little known aristocratic libraries of a progressive, intellectual archetype. The Library, in its irreplaceably poignant personal character, reflected some elements of Hironymus Beck's life and his world outlook, difficult to ascertain otherwise and uncaptured from other primary sources. Therefore, the author strives to decipher until now unknown intellectual horizons of its creator and to classify the Beck book collection within the context of other contemporary aristocratic libraries in the Austrian Lands.

Kralicekův Quicktest patří k nejoblíbenějším bonitním modelům v kvalifikačních pracích. Článek porovnává původní konstrukci tohoto modelu s jeho popisem ve 14 českých učebnicích s cílem napomoci uživatelům finanční analýzy k jeho správné aplikaci, protože k naplnění některých vstupních položek, jako např. peněžních toků, přistupují čeští autoři velmi odlišně. Současně je posuzováno rozšíření tohoto modelu ve světě a zjišťovány ohlasy ve vědecké literatuře v databázích Web of Science a Scopus. Konečně byl zjišťován výskyt Kralicekova modelu v kvalifikačních pracích na Fakultě financí a účetnictví Vysoké školy ekonomické v Praze v době od 1. 1. 2007 do 17. 10. 2018.

At the beginning of 1999, the new Framework 5 research program of the European Union was launched. Ten formerly socialist European countries have been admitted as associated participants. On this occasion, Robert Koenig published an article (News Focus, 1 Jan. p. [22][1]) discussing the level and current problems of science in those countries. We would like to point out some problems with the treatment of the data on citation statistics and offer a few additional comments on the subject. Having analyzed in detail the data provided by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), we conclude that the table on citation impacts in Koenig's article is based on an option that allows the user to extract the citation impact for a 5-year period, 1993 to 1997. This particular choice seems unfair, specifically for the Czech and Slovak republics. Czechoslovakia split into two states, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, at the beginning of 1993. ISI provides independent statistics for the Czech and Slovak republics only from 1994 on. The split of the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia occurred earlier. Therefore, the new states formed on these territories have had separate representations in the ISI database since 1993. Consequently, only the 4-year citation impact for the Czech and Slovak Republic was compared with the 5-year impact for the other countries in the table. We recalculated the citation impacts for all the countries listed in the table for the 4-year period 1994 to 1997 to make them directly comparable with the data available for the Czech and Slovak republics. After this recalculation, the Czech Republic becomes 22nd and the Slovak Republic 27th out of 33 European countries, instead of 29th and 33rd, as stated in Koenig's article. It may be useful to recall that the typical citation half-time of the journals followed by ISI is 4 to 10 years or even more. Therefore, the citation impact from a recent period may not be the most suitable measure of scientific output. Perhaps more interesting is the secular evolution of the citation impact for Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. The acceleration, starting around 1991, that is, after the fall of the communist system, is notable. This acceleration started at the same time that the political barriers preventing free contacts of Czechoslovak scientists and their Western colleagues were removed, a promising indication for the future. No doubt the community of Czech scientists cannot be satisfied with their current citation impact. Even among ex-socialist countries, the Czech Republic falls behind Hungary, Estonia, and Poland. A more detailed study will be needed to find out how much this can directly be ascribed to a lower quality of Czech publications in comparison with those from other countries. Many of us still remember too well that especially in the period after the Soviet invasion in 1968, Czechoslovakia became one of the most isolated socialist countries. Many Czech and Slovak scientists who had been working abroad, often with remarkable success, were forced to sever contacts with science in their home country. The situation was better in Poland and Hungary. Polish and Hungarian scientists who decided to live abroad, even without the permission of their Soviet-controlled governments, did not lose the links to their home institutions. There were also other barriers that should be considered in a comprehensive study of the subject. Yet, we prefer to see positive signs of future development. For example, in 1991, Czechoslovak astronomers decided to be the first community from all the ex-socialist countries to join their national journal, Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of Czechoslovakia, with the largest European astronomical journal, Astronomy and Astrophysics. This change was followed by an increase in the number of their accepted and published papers. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.283.5398.22

Volume: 28

Abstract Chitosan nanofibers, renowned for their unique properties, hold great promise for filtration, wound healing, and other biomedical applications. However, their instability in aqueous environments remains a major limitation, restricting practical implementation. This study introduces a scalable, non-toxic, UV-induced photocrosslinking method that overcomes this challenge while ensuring compatibility with continuous industrial production. To enable rapid photocrosslinking, chitosan was chemically modified with methacrylate groups using glycidyl methacrylate, facilitating efficient crosslinking upon UV exposure. Electrospinning a blend of methacrylated chitosan and poly(ethylene oxide), followed by photocrosslinking, produced nanofibers with significantly enhanced water stability, while maintaining biocompatibility with mammalian cells. Unlike conventional crosslinking techniques that rely on toxic reagents or prolonged thermal treatments, this approach eliminates hazardous chemicals and supports high-throughput, roll-to-roll manufacturing. Furthermore, we investigated the incorporation of gelatin, demonstrating its influence on nanofiber integrity and cell adhesion, which is crucial for biomedical applications. By integrating photocrosslinking into a streamlined industrial workflow developed with our industrial partner, this study removes a key scalability barrier in nanofiber production and offers a viable route to mass production of stable chitosan nanofibers.

The Digitization Registry of the Czech Republic is a research project the aim of which is to create a national registry of digitized documents to avoid unwanted duplications in the digitization as well as to share digitization results throughout the Czech Republic. This could make the digitization more effective and also economize financial resources of participating institutions.

Data Management Plan of project Biography of Fake News with a Touch of AI: Dangerous Phenomenon through the Prism of Modern Human Sciences. Document describes used reference data, data types, naming conventions, metadata standards, methods of anonymization. It also specifies methods of validation datasets.

Data Management Plan of project Biography of Fake News with a Touch of AI: Dangerous Phenomenon through the Prism of Modern Human Sciences. Document describes used reference data, data types, naming conventions, metadata standards, methods of anonymization. It also specifies methods of validation datasets.

The history of astronomy has a long tradition in the Czech lands. At the beginning of the15th century, e.g. Cristannus de Prachaticz, Master of Charles University in Prague, wrote tractates On the Construction and Use of the Astrolabe (De composicione et Usu astrolabii), which became the first treatises on this astronomical instrument ever printed. Among the rich astronomical production of the Rudolphine period, a brief mention should be made mainly of the Instruments of the Renewed Astronomy (Astronomiae instauratae mechanica) by Tycho Brahe, Somnium: The Dream, or Posthumous Work on Lunar Astronomy (Somnium seu Opus posthumum de astronomia Lunari) by Johannes Kepler and Dioptrice by the same author, which have already been translated into Czech, as well as of The Starry Messenger (Sidereus nuncius) by Galileo Galilei and Conversation with the Starry Messenger (Dissertatio cum Nuncio sidereo) by Johannes Kepler, whose translations are being prepared.

This paper resumes the evolution of censorship in Bohemia during the Jagellonian era and in the first half of the reign of Ferdinand I. Censorship in Bohemia started slowly and inconsistently in the first half of 16th century. During the reign of Ferdinand censorship became more thorough as part of Ferdinand’s imperial attitudes. The new system of privileges started after 1547 and laid the foundation for new publishing procedures in the second half of 16th century.

AnnoPage Dataset contains pages of mostly historical documents and annotations of non-textual objects, such as images, diagrams, symbols, initials, etc. The dataset contains data mostly from czech written documents downloaded from Digital Library, but it also contains annotations for pages from other already published datasets which are listed below together with links. The provided ZIP archive includes a text file referencing the pages from these datasets. The complete list of the annotated object categories is also listed below. The dataset contains a split into training and testing subsets, the creation of the validation subset is up to the users. The ZIP archive of the provided dataset is organized as follows: images/ - directory with published 5690 images divided into train and test subdirectories labels/ - directory with annotations in 7550 text files divided into train and test subdirectories README.md - README file with the same information as displayed on this website classes.txt - text file with object categories dataset.yaml - YAML file with dataset definition images.txt - text file with references to the 1860 annotated images from other datasets This dataset was crated within Orbis Pictus – book revival for cultural and creative sectors project. Extra datasets illuhisdoc PRImA Layout Analysis Dataset PRImA RDCL2019 PRImA Europeana Newspapers READ-ICDAR2019-cBAD-dataset TexBiG Object categories Chemical formula and equation Symbol, logo, coat of arms Exlibris Photograph Geometric drawing Graph Initial Caricature and comics Map Mathematical expression and equation Musical notation Image Other book decor Other technical drawing Decorative inscription Floor plan Barcode and QR code Stamp Advertisement Handwritten note Diagram Signet Table Vignette Frieze

App for drawing a pair of legitimate and hijacked journal. App created by Anna-Soldanova-KNAV for Communication Workshop for Data Stewards (on September 25, 2025). Hijacked journals recognition game created by Tereza Šímová, Kristýna Zychová and Kristýna Paulová as part of Stop Predatory Practice teaching module, available under CC BY-SA license at osf.io/gk7rh. Journals titles taken from the Retraction Watch Hijacked Journals Checker. Playable version at: Poznejte predátora (in Czech)

Open source solutions are widely used to run a digital library (for example DSpace, EPrints and Fedora Commons repository). Nevertheless there is not many open source tools available for a digital document production and there is not many tools for long term archiving of digital documents. In the frame of the Czech Digital Library project the open source ProArc system is developed which enables to create standardized metadata, export digital documents to a digital library and provide data for long term archiving. The solution follows international standards and it can be freely used by all interested institutions which want to run digitization projects.

App for drawing a pair of legitimate and hijacked journal. App created by Anna-Soldanova-KNAV for Communication Workshop for Data Stewards (on September 25, 2025). Hijacked journals recognition game created by Tereza Šímová, Kristýna Zychová and Kristýna Paulová as part of Stop Predatory Practice teaching module, available under CC BY-SA license at osf.io/gk7rh. Journals titles taken from the Retraction Watch Hijacked Journals Checker. Playable version at: Poznejte predátora (in Czech)