Darton State College

Summary Ethnocentrism in Black College Students A 40-item Likert-type scale was developed for measuring black ethnocentrism. The Black Ethnocentrism Scale (BES) consists of 20 items assessing problack sentiment (Pro-Black Subscale, PBS) and 20 items assessing antiwhite sentiment (Anti-White Subscale, AWS). Split-half reliability coefficients based on the responses of 99 black college students were .88 for the PBS, .87 for the AWS, and .91 for the total BES. Test-retest reliability coefficients were .82, .80, and .87 for the PBS, AWS, and BES respectively. Evidence of construct validity for the BES was indicated by positive correlations with the California F and E scales. Pro-Black scores were positively related to Anti-White scores (r = .73), and data comparing a 1953 sample of black students to a 1974 sample indicated that in contrast to the earlier sample, the latter tended to disagree with anti-Negro ideology and to agree with antiwhite ideology.

In this paper, we develop the hexagon method and the dodecagon method to estimate the Hausdorff measure of the Sierpinski gasket and show that the Hausdorff measure of the Sierpinski gasket is upper-bounded by a single-variable continuous function. Better upper bounds of the Hausdorff measure of the Sierpinski gasket are also achieved.

One hundred eighty-six high school students (grades 9 to 12) in a small midwestern town completed a paired comparisons questionnaire involving twelve exceptionalities and seven interpersonal dimensions. The exceptionalities were ordered from most to least acceptable on each dimension using the paired comparisons procedure. The results revealed that acceptance of certain exceptionalities was sometimes related to interpersonal situations, although most frequently the severely mentally retarded anchored the unfavorable end of the acceptance continuum, and the gifted anchored the favorable end. Exceptionalities reflecting mild handicaps (hard of hearing, partially seeing) were most often near the favorable end of the acceptance continuum.

Journal Article Rastaman: The Rastafarian Movement in England, by Ernest Cashmore. Boston: George Allen and Unwin, 1979, 257 pp. $9.95 Get access Constance J. Durant Constance J. Durant Junior College of Albany, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sociology of Religion, Volume 45, Issue 1, Spring 1984, Pages 66–67, https://doi.org/10.2307/3711324 Published: 01 March 1984

This article is an empirical phenomenological examination of the perceived security that first generation college students have in their identity as college students. First generation college students (FGCS) have been defined as students whose parents or guardians have not completed a 2- or 4-year postsecondary degree. Previous research (Davis, 2010; Peteet, Montgomery, & Weekes, 2015; Ward, Siegel, & Davenport, 2012) suggests that FGCS have a particularly difficult time finding confidence in their identities as college students, and that this exacerbates the difficulties that they face as students. The imposter phenomenon (IP) is the deep conviction that one is not good enough to deserve the title, responsibility, recognition, or job that one has (Clance, 1985). IP has been tied to FGCS both theoretically (Davis, 2010) and empirically (Peteet et al., 2015). This study examines the experience of overcoming IP by asking seven self-identified FGCS to describe the experience of recognizing their own identities as college students. There is an important difference that could be understood by separating students who experience that their confidence in this identity is authentic and those who do not. When students view college as in service to something greater, we found that they are uniquely impervious to the obstacles college students typically face. The discussion proposes two simple changes that can be made in service to help students navigate this transition in college student identity: the first is a suggestion for student advising and the second involves classroom instruction.

Measures of trait anxiety, state anxiety, and achievement were obtained on a sample of undergraduate students, half of whom received additionaal humorous items in the achievement test. In a regression analysis, the trait anxiety × test version interaction was a significant predictor of achievement. Subsequent analyses revealed a disordinal interaction in which highly anxious students had lower achievement on the humorous test than on the nonhumorous test, and students with low anxiety had higher achievement on the humorous test than did students with high anxiety. The results do not support the popular assumption that humor is a positive factor in reducing high anxiety associated with academic evaluations.

The challenges that face African American women living with HIV are immense. African American women continue to be disproportionately infected and affected by this chronic and life-threatening infection in a complex context of individual experience, interactions with the environment, formal and informal support systems, and cultural belief systems. This article identifies the Theory of Silencing the Self (STS) and a widely known model, the Social Ecological Model (SEM), as a synthesized explanatory framework in helping nurses understand how to address research questions and clinical care that is congruent with the experience of African American women living with HIV infection. In synthesizing the components of these two frameworks, an explanation of the relationship between disempowerment and depression in this population will be uncovered as a key component to making relationships at the individual, family, and community level better. Helping African American women living with HIV infection to explore and address how choosing to be silent across their life systems will advance healthcare adherence as we currently know it to improved self-management of a chronic, gender-specific, culturally-bound experience of depression.

Prison overcrowding is a central focus of researchers in penology. Federal courts interpreting the "cruel and unusual" elements of the eighth amendment have ruled via Holt v. Sarver that crowding must be considered in light of the total space availability of a given institution. This article rejects this notion because of the variability in body buffer zones for each individual inmate, aggression potential, and variability between violent and nonviolent inmates. Correctional practitioners should allocate institutional space after considering prior inmate violence regardless of mass court rulings which have not accounted for individual differences.

Teacher competency testing (TCT) is a current manifestation of education reform; 48 of the 50 states are actively planning or implementing teacher testing programs, and 25 (plus the District of Columbia) are developing or administering tests in specific subject areas to include special education. This article presents the results of a nationwide survey that addressed TCT in special education. Responses were collected from 46 states and the District of Columbia. Analyses of results revealed that states vary in their use of teacher competency tests and that specific special education teacher competency tests are used or being actively studied in about half the states. Implications for the practice of special education are provided.

The thrust of the argument presented in this paper is that phenomenological ontology survives the criticism of “correlationism” as advanced by speculative realism, a movement that has evolved in continental philosophy over the past decade. Correlationism is the position, allegedly occupied by phenomenology, that presupposes the ontological primacy of the human subject. Phenomenology survives this criticism not because the criticism misses its mark, but because phenomenology occupies a position that is broader than that of correlationism. With its critique of correlationism, speculative realism rightly identifies a battle that no longer needs to be fought: the battle against 19th century brands of mechanical realism. Free from the impatient and defensive posturing against the mechanization of the human, phenomenology is also free to explore the world beyond its emphasis on human experience. Doing so requires a return to Husserl's discussion of hylé and the “twofold bed” of phenomenology. Phenomenology may emphasize hylé – that is, material; or it may emphasize nous – the world as it appears to or is transformed by consciousness. By returning to Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology of Perception, a case is made for hyletic phenomenology. Hyletic phenomenology allows for ontological reversibility and recognizes the “unhuman” elements in things. It is hyletic phenomenology that grounds phenomenological ontology after the critique of correlationism has been assessed.

It Is generally a«epted by correc m~nal I crbvrrBcm that the dep!iBations ot imprisonment threaten the 1>,w hologiml and phBsicat I wc’ll-bc’ing ot inmates. Loss of significant othets. deptession. and the fear of homosexual rape combine in producing significant pressures toward the breakdown in human spirit and physical survival. A large number of empirical studies have sought to understand inmate adjustment to incarceration by focusing on self-iiifll ( led

This study provides information concerning the factors considered by faculty members in departments of educational administration when they assess the quality of (1) a graduate faculty in the field and (2) programs offered by departments of educational administration. Data concerning the relative quality of graduate departments of educational administration in the United States, as rated by faculty members in 80 major departments of educational administration, are presented.

This article revisits an oft-studied phenomenon from the vantage point of the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty (1945/1962), Keen (1973/1982), and Giorgi (1985). The protocols used have been taken from the first comprehensive academic study conducted on the runner’s high phenomenon (Sachs, 1980). Throughout its experimental study, the runner’s high has remained a poorly understood phenomenon. Possible reasons for this are considered alongside the phenomenological analysis. Considered phenomenologically, the runner’s high is an experience of the absence of the limitations of body, time, and space. It is experienced on the backdrop of a typical run experience which is characterized by familiar pains and labor. However, in the event of the runner’s high the familiar pains and labor do not present, making the runner’s high an experience of absence. Since these limitations play a role of restriction, their absence is pleasurable.

Abstract In this paper we test the relationship between perceived satisfaction with promotion policy and cynical attitudes for fifty-seven black male officers in a southern metropolitan police department. Correlation analyses revealed that selected variables taken from the Niederhoffer (1967) model relate to feelings of mistrust in hypothesized directions. Satisfaction with promotion policy was observed to be the most important predictor of cynicism after controlling for the effects of rank, years of service, and education. Equity motivation theory is then presented as an approach to modify traditional opportunity structures grounded in politics and seniority.

BACKGROUND Alienation usually refers to certain perceptions and feelings that individuals have about themselves and aspects of their social environment. According to Seeman (1959), alienation is characterized by five symptoms: social isolation (real or perceived), meaninglessness normlessness. powerlessness, and self-estrangement. Alienation is typified more accurately by degree and direction. Social structures and institutions often attribute to the aged feelings of having little if any aontrol over their life situation. Ambivalence and existential meaning loss occur. Frankl (1963), held that man is a spiritual being motivated not by the will to pleasure or the will to power but by the will to meaning. Aged persons find themselves in a state of melancholy where they become desensitized to the inherent values In their own being and subsequently to the values outside themselves. Reisman (1971), maintains>that alienation is genesis of loneliness. He set forth a typology of man as inner-directed and man as outer-directed as a function of the social structure. A social structure imposing direction consists of increased personal mobility, rapid accumulation of capital, technological shifts and constant expansionism. The source of direction for the individual is inner in the sense that it is implanted early in life by the elders and directed towards generalized, inescapable goals. Inner directed persons receive more input to the self with no opportunity for, reciprocity. The other directeGl individual has as its source others on whom s/he depends on for validation and unlike the directed person who is acted upon, ~s engaging in activity. Park's notion (1959), of marginal man emphasizes that while an individual's personality has a physiological makeup, it achieves its final form under the individual conception of self. This conception is determined by the role which society assigns the person, and the attitudes others in society form of him. The aged persons find themselves in a marginal, alienated position. Weiss (1973), has focused on disengagement theory as a descriptive model for alienation. As society has increased in mobility and complexity, individuals are forced to engage and disengage from significant others. This may OCCUr developmentally in terms of age and peer pressure or by formal positioning in a social stratum. The constant shifts in structural definitions reduce the chances for the longevity of relations with others. Alienation and its association to the lower class has been demonstrated in several studies (Faris, Dunham 1960, Hollingshead, & Redlich 1958, Meyers 1959). The elderly person of low socio-economic status not only has been structurally disengaged from society, but if in a lower class has the Iiklihoodof beihg alienated as well. The alienation in terms of magnitude and intensity is higher. Thus mental disorders in the elderly may have to do not with intrinsic personality disorders but rather with structural shifts. Faris and Dunham (1960), found that the elderly residing in the central business districts of lower class status, were more likely to be alienated or isolated and that these factors are thus related to the high rates of schizophrenia.

This study examined the effects of an eight-week neuromuscular training (NMT) program on knee valgus angle in African American female athletes. Twenty-six female collegiate athletes participated. NMT group (n=15, 19.61.12 years) underwent an intervention training program that included three main components (plyometric and movement, core strengthening and balance, and resistance training). While, control group (n=11, 19.31.50 years) underwent the resistance training protocol for eight weeks. We hypothesized the NMT program would significantly decrease knee valgus angles during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) at landing for the NMT group when compared to the control group. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were done on the Pre-and Post-test findings. Results showed maximum valgus angle (VGmax) is significantly decreased (p<.05), and Maximum flexion (Flexmax) is significantly increased during the drop vertical jump in dominant leg (p<.05). The results support the hypothesis that an 8-week NMT program that combines injury prevention-training components can decrease an injury risk factor such as knee valgus in African American female athletes.

IJDUCATORS HAVE ample reason to wonder if a book, method, instructional innovation, or research project which is developed in one situation would be effective in some distant locale under somewhat different conditions. Each public school, college, and university has its own staff in addition to its own special problems. Many instructional progTams and practices evolve which are effective in a particular institution and, perhaps, with a particular teacher. This study was made to determine if a set of programed taped interval drills, which were developed for use at a large midwestern university, could be used effectively in a smaller southern state college in which the educational situation was quite different.

Abstract This paper sketches the contours of Middle Eastern jurisprudence by focusing on the historical processes which gave rise to Islamic law and the four schools of justice which branched out from the seminal doctrines of Muhammad. Sources of case law and potential research horizons are discussed within the framework of comparative criminal justice.

Journal Article A Shakespearean Backdrop for Dryden's Mac Flecknoe? Get access Christopher R. Reaske Christopher R. Reaske Junior College of Albany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shakespeare Quarterly, Volume 25, Issue 3, Summer 1974, Page 358, https://doi.org/10.2307/2868788 Published: 01 July 1974

William Faulkner's short story “Barn Burning” continues to be admired, studied, and analyzed in various ways.1For a very useful summary of interpretation and criticism, relationship to other Faulkn...