Dauphine Recherches en Management

OBJECTIVE: Patients admitted to the intensive care unit greatly differ in severity and intensity of care. We devised a system for selecting high-risk patients that reduces bias by excluding low-risk patients and patients with an early death irrespective of the treatment. DESIGN: A posteriori analysis of a multiple-center prospective observational trial. SETTING: A total of 89 units from 12 European countries, with 12,615 patients. INTERVENTION: Demographic and clinical data: severity of illness at admission, daily score of nursing workload, length of stay, and hospital mortality. METHODS: We enrolled patients with intensive care unit length of stay of >24 hrs. Three groups of high-risk patients were created: a) Severity group, those with Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) over the median; b) Intensity-of-care group, patients with >1 day of high level of care (assessed by logistic analysis); and c) MIX group, patients fulfilling both Severity and Intensity-of-care criteria. The groups were included in a logistic regression model (random split-sample design) to identify the characteristics associated with hospital mortality. We compared the outcome prediction of the SAPS II model (unsplit sample) against our model. MAIN RESULTS: Out of 8,248 patients, the Severity method selected 3,838 patients, Intensity-of-care selected 4,244, and both methods combined selected 2,662 patients. There were 2,828 low-risk patients. Significant associations with hospital mortality were observed for: age, sites of admission, medical/unscheduled surgical admission, acute physiologic score of SAPS II, and the indicator variable "only Severity," "only Intensity-of-care," or MIX (developmental sample: calibration chi-square test, p = .205; area under the receiver operation characteristic curve, 0.814). Calibration and discrimination were better in our model than with the SAPS II model (unsplit sample). CONCLUSION: All three indicator variables select high-risk patients, the Severity/Intensity-of-care MIX being the most robust. These stratification criteria can improve case-mix selection for clinical and organizational studies.

The stabilizing effects of staphylococcal nuclease (Nuc) and of a synthetic propeptide (LEISSTCDA, hereafter called LEISS) on the production of a model food allergen, bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), in Lactococcus lactis were investigated. The fusion of Nuc to BLG (Nuc-BLG) results in higher production and secretion of the hybrid protein. When LEISS was fused to BLG, the production of the resulting protein LEISS-BLG was only slightly improved compared to the one obtained with Nuc-BLG. However, the secretion of LEISS-BLG was dramatically enhanced (approximately 10- and 4-fold higher than BLG and Nuc-BLG, respectively). Finally, the fusion of LEISS to Nuc-BLG resulting in the protein LEISS-Nuc-BLG led to the highest production of the hybrid protein, estimated at approximately 8 microg/ml (approximately 2-fold higher than Nuc-BLG). In conclusion, the fusions described here led to the improvement of the production and secretion of BLG. These tools will be used to modulate the immune response against BLG via delivery of recombinant lactococci at the mucosal level, in a mouse model of cow's milk allergy.

• This study fills a gap in empirical research on AI integration in customer relationship management. • This study offers a systematic investigation into how AI can be integrated into CRM. • Practical guidelines are provided to help executives manage the complexities of AI integration in CRM. • Ethics and ethics by design have an important role in AI integration particularly in CRM context. This paper explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) applications into customer relationship management (CRM), focusing on how organizations can implement AI successfully in this context. Using an explorative qualitative approach that includes interviews with AI experts, solution providers, and companies attempting AI-CRM integration, we identify key steps and practical activities often overlooked in literature and industry practice. Our findings provide a comprehensive framework for integrating AI into CRM, emphasizing aspects such as ethics by design, customer data centralization, model retraining, and ongoing user involvement. This study offers academic contributions by extending theoretical insights on AI-CRM integration and provides practical guidance for executives and practitioners, helping align AI capabilities with CRM peculiarities to meet business needs.

Les organisations sont confrontées de manière croissante aux enjeux de reconnaissance au travail comme l’actualité française récente a pu le montrer. Les salariés s’attendent à être reconnus dans le cadre de leur activité professionnelle et les chercheurs, archétypes des professionnels du savoir, ne font pas exception. Étudier la reconnaissance des chercheurs semble d’autant plus nécessaire que de plus en plus de personnes s’engagent dans l’économie de la connaissance en général et que le métier de chercheur en particulier connait des évolutions qui tendent à modifier leur rapport au travail. Par ailleurs, le concept de reconnaissance au travail, pourtant facteur de motivation important, reste insuffisamment étudié ce qui limite la compréhension de ses enjeux et les réponses possibles aux attentes des salariés. Cette recherche propose de s’appuyer sur le concept de reconnaissance au travail afin de mieux comprendre les attentes des chercheurs en termes de reconnaissance et, conséquemment, d’identifier des leviers d’action possibles pour les organisations. Pour ce faire, cette recherche s’appuie sur les 50 entretiens conduits dans deux centres de recherche, l’un public et l’autre privé. L’analyse fondée sur le cadre conceptuel développé par Brun et Dugas (2005) a permis de mettre en évidence le fait que les sources de reconnaissance sont plurielles (manager, management, organisation, collègues, pairs) et complémentaires, tout en révélant qu’elles dépassent les frontières de l’organisation au sein de laquelle les chercheurs travaillent. Ces formes de reconnaissance diverses doivent prendre en compte le réel du travail des chercheurs. Un contexte organisationnel qui tient compte des spécificités du travail de recherche s’avère indispensable pour une meilleure reconnaissance des chercheurs. L’organisation de la reconnaissance au travail doit donc intégrer tant les formes de reconnaissance que les sources qui peuvent parfois dépasser les frontières des organisations.

Este artculo presenta una reflexin en torno a la idea de frontera, entendida como un espacio de expansin, donde termina lo conocido y comienza lo desconocido. En especfico, se busca trabajar el concepto de frontera cientfica, como un tipo de lmite que es asociado a un espacio determinado, el que es observado de acuerdo con ciertas condiciones que le otorgan una especificidad propia. En este caso, se analiza la Patagonia, sus condiciones materiales y los imaginarios que la componen. Mediante la revisin de las publicaciones cientficas de alto impacto se busca mostrar las motivaciones y objetivos que los y las cientficas tienen en sus estudios acerca de la Patagonia. En funcin de la base de datos de Web of Science se pretende identificar las tendencias de los trabajos ms citados y los ms recientes, intentando dilucidar qu elementos son los que ms movilizan dichas investigaciones

Age-related brain changes affect sleep and are reflected in properties of sleep slow-waves, however, the precise mechanisms behind these changes are still not completely understood. Here, we adapt a previously established whole-brain model relating structural connectivity changes to resting state dynamics, and extend it to a slow-wave sleep brain state. In particular, starting from a representative connectome at the beginning of the aging trajectory, we have gradually reduced the inter-hemispheric connections, and simulated sleep-like slow-wave activity. We show that the main empirically observed trends, namely a decrease in duration and increase in variability of the slow waves are captured by the model. Furthermore, comparing the simulated EEG activity to the source signals, we suggest that the empirically observed decrease in amplitude of the slow waves is caused by the decrease in synchrony between brain regions.

Sleep slow-waves have been reported to vary with age in human subjects, as well as in mouse, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we perform a precise quantification of the effect of aging on the shape and dynamics of sleep slow waves, in a large cohort of human subjects recorded with the electro-encephalogram (EEG) during sleep. The fine-structure analysis of slow waves reveals that they slow-down, increase of variability and decrease in amplitude with age. We next investigate a computational model of the genesis of slow-wave activity and model the aging by a global decrease of the strength of the external excitatory drive to the network. This simple model reproduces some of the main features observed in the EEG, suggesting that changes of long-range excitatory connection strength may explain the evolution of slow-waves with age.

Ageing is known to affect sleep slow waves, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we aim to precisely quantify the effect of aeging on the shape and dynamics of sleep slow waves in a large cohort of human subjects, and to explore possible underlying mechanisms using a computational model. We analyzed EEG sleep recordings from 2377 healthy individuals aged 19 to 85, collected over multiple nights in their natural environments using the DREEM headband. The fine-structure analysis of slow waves was conducted to assess changes in frequency, amplitude, and variability with age. Additionally, we developed a computational model to investigate possible underlying mechanisms. The study reveals that with aeging, sleep slow waves show a significant reduction in frequency, increase in variability, and decrease in amplitude. Older individuals also experience more sleep fragmentation. REM sleep changes are less consistent, with some findings of minor decreases and others showing no significant changes. The computational model supports these observations by replicating the age-related changes in slow waves from a decrease in excitatory drive, suggesting that ageing affects excitatory interactions at large scales. In conclusion, by examining individuals free from sleep disorders and controlled lab environments, this study provides a detailed characterisation of age-related changes in sleep slow waves and proposes a potential mechanism involving alterations in cortical network connectivity.

Abstract We incorporate structural modelers into the economy they model. Using traditional moment matching, they treat policy changes as zero probability (or exogenous) “counterfactuals.” Bias occurs since real‐world agents understand policy changes are positive probability events guided by modelers. Downward, upward, or sign bias occurs. Bias is illustrated by calibrating the Leland model to the 2017 tax cut. The traditional identifying assumption, constant moment partial derivative sign, is incorrect with policy optimization. The correct assumption is constant moment total derivative sign accounting for estimation‐policy feedback. Model agent expectations can be updated iteratively until policy advice converges to agent expectations, with bias vanishing.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study (Octave-3) aimed to validate the performance of the Waveband dry-EEG sensor device for automatic sleep staging and sleep parameter estimation as compared to gold-standard in-lab polysomnography (PSG). METHODS: 45 participants were enrolled and 38 completed simultaneous PSG and Waveband recordings. PSG data was scored by 6 human technologists while Waveband data was scored algorithmically. Agreement between sleep staging results and derived sleep parameters (total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and time spent in each sleep stage) was measured using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Overall Agreement (OA). Waveband OA was compared to each human rater using the leave one out consensus of the remaining 5 human experts. RESULTS: Average OA between Waveband vs the leave one out consensuses was 87.3+/-5.4%, equivalent to the average OA for individual human experts of 85.9+/-7.6% (p>.1). Waveband and humans had better OA over the second half of the night, but Waveband had superior OA. ICCs for TST, SE, LPS, and WASO exceeded 0.9, indicating excellent agreement between automated Waveband and human PSG scoring. Lower agreement was found for time spent in N1, N3, and REM, with ICCs ranging from 0.65 to 0.73. CONCLUSIONS: Waveband provides accurate sleep staging and estimation of TST, SE, SOL, LPS, and WASO, with comparable performance to human expert staging of PSG. Its reduced form-factor and good performance should make it a valuable tool for automated assessment of sleep in patients with disturbed sleep.

Faisant suite à l’atelier ILICO Outre-Mer Océan Indien (Juin 2022 à La Réunion), l’atelier ILICO Outre-Mer avait pour objectif de faire un état des lieux des stratégies d’observations côtières dans le Pacifique puis d’échanger et de réfléchir autour du futur de celles-ci (avec pour ligne de mire le nouveau processus de labellisation SNO 2025-2030). Il a permis de réunir à la fois les porteurs des SNO Corail et ReefTEMPS (réseaux élémentaires d'ILICO) mais également d’autres acteurs de l'observation dans la région Pacifique. L’atelier visait à répondre aux enjeux 1/ scientifiques sur l’étude des milieux littoraux et côtiers insulaires du Pacifique Sud et 2/ stratégiques des ministères enseignements supérieurs recherche/transition écologique de la mer et Outre mer dans leur mise en œuvre de la trajectoire Outre-mer 5.0 du gouvernement et 3/ en terme de stratégie de moyens à travers la coordination entre opérateurs, la mutualisation d'actions, la facilitation de certains processus très opérationnels, l'adéquation RH.

Introdução: As Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) são ambientes complexos, com aparato de equipamentos e materiais, destinados a manutenção do cuidado a pacientes em estado grave. Objetivo: Obter um entendimento mais criterioso sobre o assunto que contemple uma avaliação originária das evidências dos dados disponíveis diante da perspectiva da atuação do profissional de enfermagem nas UTIN. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão narrativa da literatura, de modo a obter-se uma síntese sobre as várias tipologias de revisões sistemáticas, assim como as suas características e funções no contexto da enfermagem, que teve como objetivo, explorar publicações de pesquisadores e profissionais da área da saúde, diante do cuidado humanizado na UTI Neonatal. Resultados: Este estudo visa demonstrar a repercussão ao cuidado humanizado numa UTI Neonatal, que, diante do contexto saúde e sociedade, a evolução no cuidado neonatal proporciona inúmeras potencialidades. Em contrapartida, surgem questões preocupantes, como a qualidade do serviço e a segurança do paciente nesse cenário inovador, complexo e crítico do cuidado hospitalar. Conclusão: Em virtude do que foi mencionado pode se dizer que o papel do profissional de enfermagem é de suma importância, pois é a partir dos cuidados da enfermagem que é possível obter um melhor método de assistência de forma mais humanizada ao paciente, já que é a equipe de enfermagem que passa a maior parte do tempo com o recém-nascido.

The development of new antibiotics is crucial due to the growing global threat posed by microbial diseases and the resulting increase in medication resistance. A nitrogen-containing heterocycle with a variety of pharmacological actions, including antibacterial and anticancer effects, is benzimidazole. This study explores the antimicrobial potential of synthesized compounds of Benzimidazo-quinazoline motifs' subjecting them to molecular docking studies against Dihydroorotase from E. Coli and Thymidylate kinase from Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds L2 and L3 showed strong affinities for Dihydroorotase and Thymidylate kinase, respectively, according to molecular docking, which revealed potential interactions. Although more research on other microbial targets is necessary, the study highlights the potential of benzimidazole-quinazoline in blocking bacterial proteins. DFT calculations suggested that L2 and L3 compounds showed the lowest gap energy and were chemically reactive, and promise to serve as potential anti-microbial drug. In general, this study represents a noteworthy advancement towards the creation of potent antimicrobial drugs.

Les minéraux associés à l'allanite de Mucaia (vallée du Rio Marambaia, Nord de Minas Gerais) sont brièvement décrits ainsi que la pegmatite granitique encaissante. L'allanite est noir de poix, métamicte avec une densité de 3 48 et un indice moyen de 1,723. Elle contient de petites inclusions d'hématite. Son diffractogramme après chauffage et son analyse semi-quantita tive par fluorescence X sont fournis ainsi que ceux de plages brun orangé correspondant à de l'allanite altérée. Un mince cor tex d'altération est formé de bastnaesite mêlée à des hydroxydes de fer, du quartz et de la kaolinite. De la vermiculite qui a adsorbé des terres rares et dérive de l'altération de la biotite est associée à l'allanite.