Departament d'Educació

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In recent years, a discourse of Spanish exceptionalism has arisen, whereby Spain has managed to integrate over five million immigrants in a very short period of time without the kind of social upheaval witnessed in other European countries over the past several decades. Overtly racist and xenophobic discourses have generally been, with notable exceptions, absent in the public domain. However, under the radar, visible minorities frequently suffer ‘racial micro-aggressions’, that is, racially-loaded verbal and other behaviours that are seemingly innocuous but are uptaken as offensive and insulting by the micro-aggressed. More specifically, these racial micro-aggressions are often raciolinguistic in nature, that is, they reflect the confluence of language and race in the unequal positioning of individuals in interactions. In this article, we focus on how young people from immigrant backgrounds tell ‘school stories’, embedded in normative Catalan/Spanish bilingualism in Catalonia, which are raciolinguistic in nature and relate to racial micro-aggressions experienced by tellers. We do this with a view to showing how all is not as well in Spain as many might think as regards the integration of immigrants, and that greater attention to racism is in order.

AIMS: The nutrient impact of ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal consumption was assessed in adults (men 45-60 years; women 35-60 years old) who regularly consumed RTE cereals anytime during the day, compared to those who did not or who were occasional eaters. METHODS: Data were obtained for 2,188 men and 2,851 women living in France and participating in the SU.VI.MAX cohort, who reported twelve 24-hour dietary records during 2 years of follow-up (60,468 records). RESULTS: In the heavy consumers group, RTE cereals provided 193 kcal/day for men and 168 kcal/day for women and contributed 8-10% of total daily energy intake; 15-17% of total daily carbohydrates intake; 4% of total daily lipids intake; 5-6% of total protein intake; and 19-23% of total fiber intake. Moreover, RTE cereals contributed 20-30% of total daily intake for vitamins B1, B2, B6 and folic acid, and 7% for vitamin B12. For minerals, they provided, respectively, for men and women, 22 and 25% of total daily intake for iron, 12 and 14% for magnesium, and 4% for calcium. In both genders, heavy consumers of RTE cereals derived a greater proportion of daily energy from carbohydrates and a lesser proportion of energy from fats. Total daily fiber intake is higher for RTE cereal consumers than for nonconsumers and increases with the frequency of consumption. Frequent consumers of RTE cereals have higher dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, iron, vitamins B1, B2, B6, and folic acid than do nonconsumers. BMI and waist/hip ratio were significantly lower in heavy consumers of RTE cereals than in nonconsumers. CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that the consumption of RTE cereals contributes to a balanced diet. The strong association between cereal consumption and vitamin and mineral intakes confirm previous studies suggesting that RTE cereals make a major contribution to micronutrient intakes. The consumption of RTE cereals also appears to be associated with lower corpulence.

Este artículo caracteriza los patrones de publicación en revistas científicas de los investigadores españoles de comunicación. Se analiza la institución de procedencia, el número de autores, la tipología de las colaboraciones y el número y destino de las referencias para tres muestras de revistas distintas: revistas españolas no indizadas en SSCI, revistas españolas incluidas en SSCI y revistas internacionales SSCI. Los resultados muestran un comportamiento dual de los autores en función del destino nacional o internacional de sus artículos. Así, publicar en una revista internacional es más propio de los autores de universidades jóvenes e implica mayoritariamente autoría múltiple, colaboración con autores foráneos y un gran número de referencias a revistas internacionales. Todos estos parámetros se invierten en el caso de las revistas nacionales. Finalmente, las revistas españolas SSCI se definen más por su nacionalidad que por su pertenencia al índice bibliográfico de referencia internacional.

This study analysed whether at different energy levels, a varied diet based on Mediterranean Diet patterns would meet the RDIs for specific nutrients in a population > 65 y. Based on RDIs for elderly persons > 65 y for PRO, FAT CHO, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, vitamin C, B6, folate and fibre, menu models based on Mediterranean diet food patterns were calculated for the following calorie levels: 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700 and 1800 kcals. 15 menu variations for each calorie level were then created based on the previously calculated models. Utilising the Program for Alimentation and Nutrition (PAN) database, nutritional analysis was carried out for all menus and the mean nutrient values for a 2 week period were calculated for each calorie level. Intakes at all calorie levels provided adequate amounts of folate, phosphorus, iron and Vitamin B6. Intakes were low in all groups for Calcium, Zinc, Magnesium and Vitamin E, with the exception of the 1800 kcal level for Vitamin E. Results show that at low energy levels, meeting nutrient needs was difficult and that even at higher calorie intakes, contrary to what was expected, certain nutrients were found to be inadequate.

Sociodemographic and economic changes in Spain have played a role in the choice of infant feeding as more and more women enter the workforce. Nevertheless, the prevalence of breast-fed-only infants at 6 weeks remains fairly high, at 65.5% in 1999, although there is a sharp decline by 3 and 6 months postpartum. Achieving adequate nutritional status for lactation principally begins during pregnancy, as this constitutes the biological stage for accumulating nutrient stores. The benefits of breast-feeding for the mother and infant are presented, along with nutrition and dietary guidelines for the nursing woman. Apart from dietary considerations, special attention should be paid to encouraging a positive attitude and environment for breast-feeding success.

Sarcopenia is a significant health concern primarily affecting old adult individuals, characterized by age-related muscle loss, and decreased strength, power, and endurance. It has profound negative effects on overall health and quality of life, including reduced independence, mobility, and daily activity performance, osteoporosis, increased fall and fracture risks, metabolic issues, and chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular conditions. Preventive strategies typically involve a combination of proper nutrition and regular physical activity. Among strength training exercises, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) stands out as the most effective approach for improving muscle function in older adults with sarcopenia. The current review identifies and summarizes the studies that have examined the effects of HIIT on muscle strength in older adults as an element of the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. A systematic search using several computerized databases, namely, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science, was performed on 12 January 2023, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 224 studies were initially retrieved. A total of five studies met the selection criteria. HIIT training shows improvements in body composition and functional and cardiorespiratory capacity, has benefits on muscle strength, increases muscle quality and architecture, and is associated with muscle hypertrophy in healthy older adults. Nonetheless, given the shortcomings affecting primary research in terms of the limited number of studies and the high risk of bias, further research is warranted.

Abstract Geometry is a basic discipline in STEM education. Recent educational reports, however, suggest that geometry is one of the subjects that sees the lowest levels of performance in the math curriculum. This paper presents a gamified itinerary through digital activities designed to teach geometry. Our aim is to attract Primary School children into the world of geometry. First, we scaffold geometry outcomes to take students progressively from basic geometric shapes to a stronger understanding of complex three‐dimensional (3D) properties. Second, we use gamification to introduce fun into the learning process. Third, we propose digital activities in virtual environments, with which students can, in particular, develop 3D spatial perception. Concretely, children are immersed in a two‐dimensional (2D)–3D world in which they play the role of architects who manipulate 2D and 3D shapes to create buildings. Results obtained in the evaluation of the system with 60 children showed an improvement in both their learning and their interest in math. Both children and teachers rated the experience very positively.

This study compares and describes relationships among stress-recovery indices, the heart rate variability index, and the Cooper and Yo-Yo IR1 tests among female soccer players during the last six weeks of the competitive season. Sixteen female soccer players engaged in a pre-test of all of the variables. After having their training monitored for six weeks, a post-test was administered. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences in the specific stress-recovery scales of the RESTQ-sport and in the frequency-domain variables of the HRV, although there were no significant differences in the general stress or general recovery scales. The Yo-Yo IR1 test, the Cooper test scores, and the means of the time-domain HRV variables did not exhibit any significant differences between the pre- and the post-test. The RMSSD variations exhibited very large and large correlations with the performance test and the RESTQ-sport variables, respectively. The variations in the HRV frequency-domain variables exhibited significant moderate and large correlations among the variations of the RESTQ-sport scales. Monitoring athletes at the end of the season may reveal contradictions between some variables. To help with the interpretation of these scales, some external aspects, such as athlete strain and monotony of training, should be considered.

ResumenLa creación de dispositivos específicos para la acogida del alumnado inmigrante de nueva incorporación a los sistemas educativos occidentales tiene cada día más importancia. Cataluña creó en 2004 las aulas de acogida como un instrumento para fomentar el aprendizaje del catalán y la adaptación escolar del alumnado. Estas aulas se ubican en escuelas e institutos y el profesorado forma parte del claustro. El alumnado desde su llegada al centro escolar reparte su tiempo entre el aula ordinaria y el aula de acogida. El artículo presenta los resultados de la evaluación de las aulas de acogida de la educación primaria el curso 2005–2006. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos, conocimiento de catalán y adaptación escolar. Los resultados muestran que la adaptación escolar y la lengua familiar del alumnado son dos variables que se deben de considerar para describir el conocimiento lingüístico en catalán del alumnado extranjero.

The Sima de los Huesos site, Atapuerca, contains an important sample of fossilised human bones of Homo heidelbergensis. The nature of Sima de los huesos (SH) human remains was interpreted as human burials but a bibliographic review of literature published on this subject has given rise to a new perspective. According to this new revision SH site was originated by different taphonomical mechanisms. Competition between Homo and other predators for the cavity, accidental death around the pit and a feeding trough for felines and canines while the cave had other entrances nowadays obstructed, explain this human fossil association. Large felines fed on human remains around the put. Canids and other scavengers came later for feeding. The water flows in the cave during heavy rainfall produced dispersion, mixing and abrasion in all these human skeletal remains. During all these processes a low sedimentation rate and eventual supply of corpses produced the observed fossil concentration. The majority of bears fell later by accident or died while hibernating neat the site

ResumenSiguiendo el interés que a nivel internacional han suscitado recientemente los estudios de género, el artículo analiza las diferencias educativas entre chicos y chicas en las ciencias experimentales. Para ello se recogen los datos de matrícula y de éxito escolar en Cataluña desde el curso 1999–2000 hasta el 2008–2009 en cuatro momentos: sexto de Primaria, cuarto de ESO y primero y segundo de Bachillerato. El objetivo es conocer el éxito escolar de alumnas y alumnos en la superación de curso y evaluar posible diferencias de género. El análisis de los datos incluye la discusión desde la perspectiva de la equidad en las tasa de graduación de niños y niñas, en Primaria y en Secundaria. La continuidad del estudio indica la necesidad de prestar atención de manera preferente a la variable de género en las propuestas e investigaciones en didáctica de las ciencias.

Abstract Multiple molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that two Neotropical raptors, tiny hawk Accipiter superciliosus and its sister species semicollared hawk A. collaris , are not closely related to core Accipiter , and that A. superciliosus , at least, possesses osteological characters not replicated in the remainder of the genus. Based on these data, there is a need to recognise their distinctiveness at generic level. However, as recently noted in two global bird checklists, no name is available to accommodate them, so we provide a new nomen here. Furthermore, two Asian accipitrids, crested goshawk A. trivirgatus and its presumed closest relative Sulawesi goshawk A. griseiceps , are also phylogenetically distinctive; in this case the genus-group name Lophospiza is applicable. We also designate type species for two genus-group names ( Hieraspiza and Eusparvius ) currently in the synonymy of Accipiter , and, as an aid to future workers, we provide a synonymy of the genus Accipiter and a list of species currently included in Accipiter for which published molecular phylogenetic data are apparently lacking.

Learning a language in a formal context is not the same as learning a language in a natural setting, in that the goal of one of the participants in the communicative events that occur in the classroom, the teacher, is to teach a language. For this reason, the majority of the actions undertaken by the participants are directed at achieving that goal. That is why observing and analyzing interaction in the classroom becomes a key element in understanding how we learn. In this chapter we set out how this issue is approached through conversation analysis

"El propósito del estudio es analizar la estructura interna de la versión española del Inventario de Apego con Padres y Pares (IPPA) de Armsden y Greenberg (1987) en una muestra de 231 adolescentes de 12 a 18 años. Se analizó la consistencia interna y la dimensionalidad de las puntuaciones de la escala. Se obtuvieron coeficientes de consistencia interna satisfactorios para cada una de las escalas (α ≥ 0.68) de las tres formas del cuestionario, excepto para la escala Alienación de la versión contestada sobre la madre. El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio mostró que el modelo de tres factores es el mejor de los modelos propuestos (RMSEA ≤ 0.062), aunque las tres escalas se encuentran muy correlacionadas entre sí."

This is a report on a specific methodological intervention to improve&#13;\nthe pronunciation of 15 Spanish students of English. For 14 weeks, the students were&#13;\ntrained in the imitation of English recordings (from films and TV series). One initial&#13;\n(at week 1) and one final (at week 14) imitation, as well as a free speech delivered&#13;\nby every student (at week 14), were analysed. The results indicate that the students&#13;\nslightly improved their pronunciation when imitating but were unable to transfer the&#13;\ngains to their free speech. Students’ impressions were also investigated. All students&#13;\nfound the activity helpful and motivating.

En 1073, Alfonso VI donaba a Cluny el monasterio de San Isidro de Dueñas, su primer priorato en el reino de León. Desde entonces y hasta inicios del siglo XVI los cluniacenses permanecieron en el occidente de España. Su número fue relativamente reducido : unos 135-180 monjes en la primera mitad del siglo XIII repartidos por 34 monasterios – la mitad obediencias dependientes de otros prioratos –, entre los que destacan San Zoilo de Carrión y Santa María de Nájera. La historiografía sobre Cluny...

Compounds with double bonds Terp-E=E′-Terp (E, E'=P, As, Sb or Bi; Terp=-C6H3-2,6 (C6H5)2) have been studied using DFT. These compounds have been used as a model for other compounds with larger substituents. Some bands of its electronic spectroscopy have been calculated using TDDFT, and the results show high correlation with experimental data, when available. In Bi-containing compounds, the origin of some weak bands in the calculated spectra and also in experimental data is unclear. An assignation of these bands is suggested, wedding the experimental data with calculated and theoretical results. These bands could be weak singlet–triplet transitions, partially allowed by spin-orbit coupling only in Bi-containing compounds. A theoretical estimation of the energy of these bands is achieved using CASSCF and MR-MP2.

Es proposa la integració d’experiments quantitatius en les classes de física o de química mitjançant l’experimentació assistida per calculadora gràfica (ExAC). Aquesta integració reforça el procés d’ensenyament-aprenentatge i encaixa amb l’orientació de l’ense­nyament com a investigació dirigida. S’insisteix en la conveniència de no separar allò que tradicionalment s’ha anomenat treball pràctic de la teoria i problemes, és a dir, d’harmonitzar en comptes d’atomitzar. Aquesta harmonització s’afavoreix orientant l’experimentació cap a dissenys senzills que permeten centrar l’atenció en l’ús d’idees més que no pas en el muntatge d’aparells complexos. S’hi donen alguns exemples concrets d’actuació en l’aula.

Based on molecular and morphological analyses, Irestedt et al. (2017) propose various taxonomic revisions for the genera Lophorina and Ptiloris (Paradisaeidae). Concerning Lophorina, which they recommend treating as three species rather than one, they hypothesize that the no longer extant type specimen of L. superba, heretofore believed to come from the Vogelkop in westernmost mainland New Guinea, in fact pertained to a different population (and different species, under their revised taxonomy), and they attempt to consolidate the nomenclatural repercussions of this by proposing a neotype for the name superba. However, the historical and specimen evidence fails to uphold their nomenclatural proposals, and the neotypification contains procedural errors. In particular, our examination of specimen material identifies nine points of conflict between what is clearly the most accurate contemporary illustration of the type and the plumage pattern and structure in the population to which Irestedt et al. assert it should be ascribed; we find not a single point in their favour. The only other relevant depiction of the type from the same period, while less accurate, also differs crucially from the population Irestedt et al. claim that it represents, especially in lacking black spots on the breast-shield. Furthermore, there is a strong historical rationale not only to believe that the type of superba was collected in the Vogelkop, as all contemporary commentators indicated, but also to regard the notion of tribespeople transporting it more than 600 km from its point of collection, as Irestedt et al. effectively suggest, as exceedingly unlikely. Consequently, with all this evidence against the proposed reidentification, the name L. s. superba should be maintained for populations of the Vogelkop, and the neotype designation rejected. The type locality reverts to the Vogelkop, but herein is further restricted to the Tamrau Mountains.