Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar

Regular hospital visits can be expensive, particularly in rural areas, due to travel costs. In the era of the Covid-19 Pandemic, where physical interaction becomes risky, people prefer telemedicine. Fortunately, medical visits can be reduced when telemedicine services are used through video conferencing or other virtual technologies. Thus, telemedicine saves both the patient's and the health care provider time and the cost of the treatment. Furthermore, due to its fast and advantageous characteristics, it can streamline the workflow of hospitals and clinics. This disruptive technology would make it easier to monitor discharged patients and manage their recovery. As a result, it is sufficient to state that telemedicine can create a win-win situation. This paper aims to explore the significant capabilities, features with treatment workflow, and barriers to the adoption of telemedicine in Healthcare. The paper identifies seventeen significant applications of telemedicine in Healthcare. Telemedicine is described as a medical practitioner to diagnose and treat patients in a remote area. Using health apps for scheduled follow-up visits makes doctors and patients more effective and improves the probability of follow-up, reducing missing appointments and optimising patient outcomes. Patients should have an accurate medical history and show the doctor any prominent rashes, bruises, or other signs that need attention through the excellent quality audio-video system. Further, practitioners need file management and a payment gateway system. Telemedicine technologies allow patients and doctors both to review the treatment process. However, this technology supplements physical consultation and is in no way a substitute for a physical consultation. Today this technology is a safe choice for patients who cannot go to the doctor or sit at home, especially during a pandemic.

Abstract In recent years, natural fibers reinforced composites have received much attention because of their lightweight, nonabrasive, combustible, nontoxic, low cost and biodegradable properties. Among the various natural fibers; flax, bamboo, sisal, hemp, ramie, jute, and wood fibers are of particular interest. A lot of research work has been performed all over the world on the use of natural fibers as a reinforcing material for the preparation of various types of composites. However, lack of good interfacial adhesion, low melting point, and poor resistance towards moisture make the use of natural fiber reinforced composites less attractive. Pretreatments of the natural fiber can clean the fiber surface, chemically modify the surface, stop the moisture absorption process, and increase the surface roughness. Among the various pretreatment techniques, graft copolymerization and plasma treatment are the best methods for surface modification of natural fibers. Graft copolymers of natural fibers with vinyl monomers provide better adhesion between matrix and fiber. In the present article, the use of pretreated natural fibers in polymer matrix‐based composites has been reviewed. Effect of surface modification of natural fibers on the properties of fibers and fiber reinforced polymer composites has also been discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

Cellulose macro- and nanofibers have gained increasing attention due to the high strength and stiffness, biodegradability and renewability, and their production and application in development of composites. Application of cellulose nanofibers for the development of composites is a relatively new research area. Cellulose macro- and nanofibers can be used as reinforcement in composite materials because of enhanced mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties of composites. Cellulose fibers are hydrophilic in nature, so it becomes necessary to increase their surface roughness for the development of composites with enhanced properties. In the present paper, we have reviewed the surface modification of cellulose fibers by various methods. Processing methods, properties, and various applications of nanocellulose and cellulosic composites are also discussed in this paper.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has vast potential in marketing. It aids in proliferating information and data sources, improving software's data management capabilities, and designing intricate and advanced algorithms. AI is changing the way brands and users interact with one another. The application of this technology is highly dependent on the nature of the website and the type of business. Marketers can now focus more on the customer and meet their needs in real time. By using AI, they can quickly determine what content to target customers and which channel to employ at what moment, thanks to the data collected and generated by its algorithms. Users feel at ease and are more inclined to buy what is offered when AI is used to personalise their experiences. AI tools can also be used to analyse the performance of a competitor's campaigns and reveal their customers' expectations. Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI that allows computers to analyse and interpret data without being explicitly programmed. Furthermore, ML assists humans in solving problems efficiently. The algorithm learns and improves performance and accuracy as more data is fed into the algorithm. For this research, relevant articles on AI in marketing are identified from Scopus, Google scholar, researchGate and other platforms. Then these articles were read, and the theme of the paper was developed. This paper attempts to review the role of AI in marketing. The specific applications of AI in various marketing segments and their transformations for marketing sectors are examined. Finally, critical applications of AI for marketing are recognised and analysed.

Industry 4.0 technologies provide critical perspectives for future innovation and business growth. Technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big data, Machine Learning (ML), and other advanced upcoming technologies are being used to implement Industry 4.0. This paper explores how Industry 4.0 technologies help create a sustainable environment in manufacturing and other industries. Industry 4.0 technologies and the crucial interrelationships through advanced technologies should impact the environment positively. In the age of Industry 4.0, manufacturing is tightly interlinked with information and communication systems, making it more scalable, competitive, and knowledgeable. Industry 4.0 provides a range of principles, instructions, and technology for constructing new and existing factories, enabling consumers to choose different models at production rates with scalable robotics, information, and communications technology. This paper aims to study the significant benefits of Industry 4.0 for sustainable manufacturing and identifies tools and elements of Industry 4.0 for developing environmental sustainability. This literature review-based research is undertaken to identify how Industry 4.0 technologies can help to improve environmental sustainability. It also details the capabilities of Industry 4.0 in dealing with environmental aspects. Twenty major applications of Industry 4.0 to create a sustainable environment are identified and discussed. Thus, it gives a better understanding of the production environment, the supply chains, the delivery chains, and market results. Overall, Industry 4.0 technology seems environmentally sustainable while manufacturing goods with better efficiency and reducing resource consumption.

Abstract Biological removal of dyes from effluents of textile and dyestuff manufacturing industry offers some distinct advantages over the commonly used chemicals and physicochemical methods. These include possible mineralization of the dyes to harmless inorganic compounds like carbon dioxide and water, and formation of a lesser quantity of relatively harmless sludge. Removal of dyes from these wastewaters has been reviewed with respect to biological decolorization as well as complete biodegradation of the dye molecules. Emerging techniques with reference to biological treatment of these wastewaters have been discussed under aerobic, anaerobic, and combined anaerobic–aerobic systems. Advantages and limitations of different biological methods have been highlighted, and future studies to establish these techniques for their applications on industrial scale have been suggested. Keywords: bioaugmentationbiodegradationdecolorizationsynthetic effluenttextile and dyestuff effluenttextile dyestriphenylmethane and azo dyes

Arsenic contamination of groundwater in different parts of the world is an outcome of natural and/or anthropogenic sources, leading to adverse effects on human health and ecosystem. Millions of people from different countries are heavily dependent on groundwater containing elevated level of As for drinking purposes. As contamination of groundwater, poses a serious risk to human health. Excessive and prolonged exposure of inorganic As with drinking water is causing arsenicosis, a deteriorating and disabling disease characterized by skin lesions and pigmentation of the skin, patches on palm of the hands and soles of the feet. Arsenic poisoning culminates into potentially fatal diseases like skin and internal cancers. This paper reviews sources, speciation, and mobility of As and global overview of groundwater As contamination. The paper also critically reviews the As led human health risks, its uptake, metabolism, and toxicity mechanisms. The paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the alternative As free drinking water and various technologies (oxidation, coagulation flocculation, adsorption, and microbial) for mitigation of the problem of As contamination of groundwater.

Machine Learning (ML) applications are making a considerable impact on healthcare. ML is a subtype of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology that aims to improve the speed and accuracy of physicians' work. Countries are currently dealing with an overburdened healthcare system with a shortage of skilled physicians, where AI provides a big hope. The healthcare data can be used gainfully to identify the optimal trial sample, collect more data points, assess ongoing data from trial participants, and eliminate data-based errors. ML-based techniques assist in detecting early indicators of an epidemic or pandemic. This algorithm examines satellite data, news and social media reports, and even video sources to determine whether the sickness will become out of control. Using ML for healthcare can open up a world of possibilities in this field. It frees up healthcare providers' time to focus on patient care rather than searching or entering information. This paper studies ML and its need in healthcare, and then it discusses the associated features and appropriate pillars of ML for healthcare structure. Finally, it identified and discussed the significant applications of ML for healthcare. The applications of this technology in healthcare operations can be tremendously advantageous to the organisation. ML-based tools are used to provide various treatment alternatives and individualised treatments and improve the overall efficiency of hospitals and healthcare systems while lowering the cost of care. Shortly, ML will impact both physicians and hospitals. It will be crucial in developing clinical decision support, illness detection, and personalised treatment approaches to provide the best potential outcomes.

Research sciences and medical societies have recently shifted into using cost-effective biosensors to test food & water contaminants, control human biologic processes, assess precise health diagnosis, and more. Researchers and medical practitioners need safe and cheaper means of performing their research, ensuring public safety, and delivering customised health options to patients. One such solution can be easily carried out by using biosensors. In the new medical field, biomedical studies of diagnosis are of growing significance. Biosensors' applications are for screening infectious to early detection, chronic disease treatment, health management, and well-being surveillance. Improved biosensors technology qualities allow the ability to detect disease and track the body's response to care. Sensor technology is integral to numerous, low-cost, and improved-form factors feasible in modern medical devices. Biosensors have good potential, as it is easy, scalable and effective in manufacturing processes. This paper discusses biosensors and their significant benefits in the medical field. Distinctive capabilities of biosensors in healthcare services and for cardiovascular disease are provided and shown diagrammatically. The paper also discusses various diagnostic biosensors for cardiovascular diseases and provides novel aspects of biosensors for clinical and allied services. Thereby paper provides significant advancements in biosensors in the medical field. Finally, fourteen major applications of biosensors in the medical field are identified and discussed. Biosensors' intelligent wearable properties now allow older people to control their health with lesser interference, and it directly exchanges their medical-related information with healthcare providers, thereby reducing hospital visits. Thus, biosensors have countless prospects for consumer and commercial uses in wellness, fitness, athletics, etc. Linked biomedical devices, apps, firmware, and sophisticated algorithms will do a lot, including allowing major new medical therapies and informing users about health reform, providing solutions and advice informed by real-time evidence.

Agriculture 4.0 represents the fourth agriculture revolution that uses digital technologies and moves toward a smarter, more efficient, environmentally responsible agriculture sector. Agricultural technologies have emerged to enhance sustainability and discover more effective farm methods. This encompasses all digitalisation and automation processes in business and our daily lives, including Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), robots, the Internet of Things (IoT), and virtual and augmented reality. These technological advancements are having a profound impact on our lives. From a technical standpoint, it brings us to precision agriculture. This provides a data-driven strategy for efficiently growing and maintaining crops on cultivable land, enabling farmers to use most of the resources at their disposal. Throughout the supply chain, daily operations create massive volumes of data. Most of this information was previously untouched, but with the help of big data technologies, such information can be used to improve the performance and production of any crop. Depending on the crop type and its growth needs, digitised harvesters can help handle huge areas in various situations, particularly agriculture. This paper is brief about Agriculture 4.0 and its condition. Smart farming, Various key technologies and specific domains for the Exploring Agriculture 4.0 Domain are discussed in detail and, finally, identified and discussed significant applications of Agriculture 4.0 technologies. These technologies are essential to our lives since they simplify our daily duties without recognising them. In Agriculture 4.0 systems, fleets of digitised equipment employ current infrastructures like cloud computing to connect, identify the processing condition of different regions and the requirement for input materials and coordinate the machinery.

There is the increased application of new technologies in manufacturing, service, and communications. Industry 4.0 is the new fourth industrial revolution, which supports organisational efficiency. Robotics is an important technology of Industry 4.0, which provides extensive capabilities in the field of manufacturing. This technology has enhanced automation systems and does repetitive jobs precisely and at a lower cost. Robotics is progressively leading to the manufacturing of quality products while maintaining the value of existing collaborators schemes. The primary outcome of Industry 4.0 is intelligent factories developed with the aid of advanced robotics, massive data, cloud computing, solid safety, intelligent sensors, the Internet of things, and other advanced technological developments to be highly powerful, safe, and cost-effective. Thus, businesses will refine their manufacturing for mass adaptation by improving the workplace's safety and reliability on actual work and saving costs. This paper discusses the significant potential of Robotics in the field of manufacturing and allied areas. The paper discusses eighteen major applications of Robotics for Industry 4.0. Robots are ideal for collecting mysterious manufacturing data as they operate closer to the component than most other factory machines. This technology is helpful to perform a complex hazardous job, automation, sustain high temperature, working entire time and for a long duration in assembly lines. Many robots operating in intelligent factories use artificial intelligence to perform high-level tasks. Now they can also decide and learn from experience in various ongoing situations.

Artificial intelligence (AI) contributes to the recent developments in Industry 4.0. Industries are focusing on improving product consistency, productivity and reducing operating costs, and they want to achieve this with the collaborative partnership between robotics and people. In smart industries, hyperconnected manufacturing processes depend on different machines that interact using AI automation systems by capturing and interpreting all data types. Smart platforms of automation can play a decisive role in transforming modern production. AI provides appropriate information to take decision-making and alert people of possible malfunctions. Industries will use AI to process data transmitted from the Internet of things (IoT) devices and connected machines based on their desire to integrate them into their equipment. It provides companies with the ability to track their entire end-to-end activities and processes fully. This literature review-based paper aims to brief the vital role of AI in successfully implementing Industry 4.0. Accordingly, the research objectives are crafted to facilitate researchers, practitioners, students and industry professionals in this paper. First, it discusses the significant technological features and traits of AI, critical for Industry 4.0. Second, this paper identifies the significant advancements and various challenges enabling the implementation of AI for Industry 4.0. Finally, the paper identifies and discusses significant applications of AI for Industry 4.0. With an extensive review-based exploration, we see that the advantages of AI are widespread and the need for stakeholders in understanding the kind of automation platform they require in the new manufacturing order. Furthermore, this technology seeks correlations to avoid errors and eventually to anticipate them. Thus, AI technology is gradually accomplishing various goals of Industry 4.0.

Blockchain is an emerging technology being applied for creating innovative solutions in various sectors, including healthcare. A Blockchain network is used in the healthcare system to preserve and exchange patient data through hospitals, diagnostic laboratories, pharmacy firms, and physicians. Blockchain applications can accurately identify severe mistakes and even dangerous ones in the medical field. Thus, it can improve the performance, security, and transparency of sharing medical data in the health care system. This technology is helpful to medical institutions to gain insight and enhance the analysis of medical records. In this paper, we studied Blockchain technology and its significant benefits in healthcare. Various Capabilities, Enablers, and Unified Work-Flow Process of Blockchain Technology to support healthcare globally are discussed diagrammatically. Finally, the paper identifies and debates fourteen significant applications of Blockchain for healthcare. Blockchain plays a decisive part in handling deception in clinical trials; here, the potential of this technology offer is to improve data efficiency for healthcare. It can help avoid the fear of data manipulation in healthcare and supports a unique data storage pattern at the highest level of security. It provides versatility, interconnection, accountability, and authentication for data access. For different purposes, health records must be kept safe and confidential. Blockchain helps for the decentralised protection of data in healthcare and avoids specific threats.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution may help many sectors and industries, whereas healthcare will be significantly impacted. Medical advances will be swifter, better and more effective, quickly providing medications to patients. It will act as a leveller for healthcare services by making them available to everybody. Medical 4.0 is the fourth medical revolution, employing emerging technologies to create significant advancements in healthcare. New medical 4.0 technology has advanced significantly, ranging from mobile computing to cloud computing, over the previous decade and is now ready to be employed as commercially accessible, networked systems. Expanding and with higher life expectancies, there is an enormous need for improved healthcare for older populations. This paper explores Medical 4.0 and its demand in the healthcare sector and discusses various progressive steps for Medical 4.0 implementation. Smart and Advanced Features of Medical 4.0 Practices are discussed diagrammatically. Medical 4.0 envisions a strongly interconnected health system. A hospital bed can be connected to the network and use patient data via the Internet of Things (IoT). Finally, this paper explores & provides the significant applications of Medical 4.0 for healthcare services. In addition to being creative, Medical 4.0 decreases the healthcare burden in affluent nations and offers good services to less developed countries, providing comprehensive and high-quality treatment. Medical 4.0 is characterised by technical discoveries and developments in the medical profession to encourage patient-centred therapy and drugs. This digital transformation, where patients' data will be electronically collected and utilised by technology to better understand and diagnose them, replaces the doctor-centric treatment techniques with a patient-centric paradigm.

Financial service providers find blockchain technology useful to enhance authenticity, security, and risk management. Several institutions are adopting blockchain in trade and finance systems to build smart contracts between participants, improve efficiency and transparency, and open up newer revenue opportunities. Blockchain’s unique recording capabilities make the existing clearing and settlement process redundant. Banks and other financial entities are adopting blockchain-enabled IDs to identify people. Better results come from organisations’ capacity to foresee emerging trends in financial blockchain applications and develop blockchain functionality. The transfer of asset ownership and addressing the maintenance of a precise financial ledger. Measurement, communication, and analysis of financial information are three significant areas to be focussed on by accounting professionals. Blockchain clarifies asset ownership and the existence of obligations for accountants, and it has the potential to improve productivity. This paper identifies and studies relevant articles related to blockchain for finance. This paper focuses on Blockchain technology and its importance for financial services. Further takes up various tools, strategies, and featured services in Blockchain-based financial services. Finally, the paper identifies and evaluates the significant applications of Blockchain technology in financial services. Credit reports significantly impact the financial lives of customers. Recent data breaches demonstrate the superior security of blockchain-based credit reporting over conventional server-based reporting. Blockchain-based systems enable the faster, more cost-effective, and more customised issuance of digital securities. With its adoption, the market for investors can be expanded, costs for issuers can be reduced, and counterparty risk can be reduced due to the ability to customise digital financial instruments to the demands of investors. It uses mutualised standards, protocols, and shared procedures to give network users a single common source of truth. Participants in the business network can now more easily collaborate, manage data, and agree with this technology’s application.

Industry 4.0 involves innovations with upcoming digital technologies, and blockchain is one of them. Blockchain can be incorporated to improve security, privacy, and data transparency both for small and large enterprises. Industry 4.0 is a synthesis of the new production methods that allow manufacturers to achieve their target more rapidly. Research has been conducted on various Industry 4.0 technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big data, and Blockchain, and how they could create significant interruptions in recent years. These technologies provide various possibilities in the world of manufacturing and supply chain. Blockchain is a technology that has gained much recognition and can enhance the manufacturing and supply chain environment. Various fields now have fascinating insights into the advantages of blockchain. Several research articles on “Blockchain” and “Industry 4.0” from Google Scholar, Scopus, and other relevant sources are identified and reviewed for this study. This paper discusses the major potential of Blockchain in Industry 4.0. Various drivers, enablers, and associated capabilities of Blockchain technology for Industry 4.0 are discussed for insights. Different Industry 4.0 spheres/sub-domains for Blockchain technology realisation are also discussed. Finally, we have identified and studied fourteen significant applications of Blockchain in Industry 4.0. It is a range of new developments and hope for immense opportunities that are changing Industry 4.0. This technology would work to achieve amplified outcomes and work individually to enhance the process.

Sensor technologies have improved the everyday life of human beings through their applications in almost all fields. Sensors are devices that detect changes in the source/environment and collect signals, and accordingly, the reaction is designed. There is a range of sources, including light, temperature, movements, and pressure etc., which may be used. A wide range of applications is utilised using innovative sensor technologies in lifestyle, healthcare, fitness, manufacturing, and daily life. In the medical field, the difficulty to take medicine is eased by drug donors fitted with sensors. It reminds them to take medicine via a signal and also supply the necessary medicine at the specified moment. In health care, older individuals, athletes, and risk patients benefit from modern sensor technology. The current industrial trends driving innovation include ultrasound, radar, and non-contact optoelectronic solutions and laser technology. The paper gives a brief overview of the numerous types of sensors that are utilised in everyday life. Various capabilities of sensors for day-to-day healthcare are discussed. Various features, associated nomenclature, and measures for sensors in day-to-day routine life are discussed diagrammatically and finally, the paper identifies and discusses twenty-two significant applications of sensors for daily life. Sensors also produce vital information and exchange data with other connected devices and administration systems when linked to a network. Thus, for the effective running of many companies, sensors are critical. Various types of sensors are used in our daily life, which is more accurate and makes quicker analysis.

Additive manufacturing (AM) produces a complex shaped product from its data, layer by layer, with high precision and much less material wastage. As compared to the conventional manufacturing process, there are many positive environmental advantages of additive manufacturing technologies. Most importantly, there is less waste of raw material and the use of new and smart materials. It appears to concentrate on the output of a component on lesser material waste, energy usage, and machine emissions. There is a need to study the environmental sustainability of additive manufacturing technologies and their applications. As more businesses aim to strengthen their eco-footprint, sustainability in AM is gaining momentum. Visionary leaders of the industry are continually challenging their employees to find new ways to reduce waste, improving their workforce's manufacturing environment, and find innovative ways to use new materials to become more sustainable. The growth in value-added components, goods, and services has resulted from these initiatives. This paper discusses the significant benefit of additive manufacturing to create a sustainable production system. Finally, the paper identifies twelve major applications of AM for sustainability. Although additive manufacturing and technological dominance are being established with crucial industries, their sustainability advantages are visible in the current manufacturing scenario. The main goal is to identify the environmental benefits of additive manufacturing technologies over conventional manufacturing. Industries can now decide on suitable technologies to meet environmental goals.

An experimental program was undertaken to study the effects of polyester fiber inclusions and lime stabilization on the geotechnical characteristics of fly ash-soil mixtures. An Indian fly ash was mixed with expansive soil in different proportions. The geotechnical characteristics of fly ash-soil specimens, lime-soil specimens and lime-fly ash-soil specimens mixed with different proportions of randomly oriented fibers were investigated. Lime and fly ash were added to an expansive soil at ranges of 1–10% and 1–20%, respectively. Test specimens were subjected to compaction tests, unconfined compression tests and split tensile strength tests. Specimens were cured for 7, 14, and 28days after which they were tested for unconfined compression tests and split tensile tests. Based on optimum values obtained for lime and fly ash, tests were conducted on test specimens prepared from fly ash-expansive soil- lime-fiber mixture after 28days of curing. Samples were tested with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2% plain and crimped polyester fibers by dry weight. Based on the favorable results obtained, it can be concluded that the expansive soil can be successfully stabilized by the combined action of fibers, lime, and fly ash.

The performance of computer aided ECG analysis depends on the precise and accurate delineation of QRS-complexes. This paper presents an application of K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm as a classifier for detection of QRS-complex in ECG. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on two manually annotated standard databases such as CSE and MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. In this work, a digital band-pass filter is used to reduce false detection caused by interference present in ECG signal and further gradient of the signal is used as a feature for QRS-detection. In addition the accuracy of KNN based classifier is largely dependent on the value of K and type of distance metric. The value of K = 3 and Euclidean distance metric has been proposed for the KNN classifier, using fivefold cross-validation. The detection rates of 99.89% and 99.81% are achieved for CSE and MIT-BIH databases respectively. The QRS detector obtained a sensitivity Se = 99.86% and specificity Sp = 99.86% for CSE database, and Se = 99.81% and Sp = 99.86% for MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. A comparison is also made between proposed algorithm and other published work using CSE and MIT-BIH Arrhythmia databases. These results clearly establishes KNN algorithm for reliable and accurate QRS-detection.