East Cleveland Primary Care Hospital

Abstract Although cliffs form approximately 75% of the world's coastline, the understanding of the processes through which they evolve remains limited because of a lack of quantitative data on the morphological changes they undergo. In this paper the combination of terrestrial time‐of‐flight laser scanning with high‐resolution digital photogrammetry is examined to generate high‐quality data‐sets pertaining to the geomorphic processes governing cliff development. The study was undertaken on a section of hard rock cliffs in North Yorkshire, UK, which has been monitored over a 12‐month period. High‐density, laser‐scanned point clouds have been used to produce an accurate representation of these complex surfaces, free from the optical variations that degrade photographic data. These data‐sets have been combined with high‐resolution photographic monitoring, resampled with the fixed accuracies of the terrestrial laser survey, to generate a new approach to recording the volumetric changes in complex coastal cliffs. This has led to significant improvements in the understanding of the activity patterns of coastal cliffs.

During the last thirty years, the Boulby Potash Mine has replaced the concrete shaft linings in sections of both shafts on two occasions following progressive deterioration. A third replacement lining is now under construction in the man shaft. This paper reports the results of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) numerical modelling of the shaft linings and their surrounding strata. The numerical modelling, using FLAC 2D and FLAC 3D has considered the detrimental effect to lining stability of a weak rock zone surrounding the shafts at depth. The 3D modelling work has also taken into account the formation of an inset and roadway leading from the shaft. This research aimed to identify the failure mechanisms of the shaft linings in the affected zone and their causes. The research also supplied reference data to allow the prediction of stress and deformation conditions in the newly designed third shaft relining system.

If blood is centrifuged in tubes of 7 mm. bore, the intercellular plasma amounts to 2·7 per cent. of packed cells if the buffy coat is retained and to about 2·25 per cent. if the buffy coat is removed. In narrower tubes the values are slightly less. This intercellular plasma accounts for the difference observed between the true cell volume and the volume observed on centrifuging. The difference is so small that it may be neglected for practical purposes.

The production of a cognitive formulation is an essential skill for both novice and expert cognitive behaviour therapists. It provides the focus for therapy, and helps prevent important parts of the case being over-looked. One problem faced by therapists is that the production of such a written formulation may be time consuming and difficult to amend as new information comes to light. The use of Mind Maps allows a flexible summary of the case to be created. This may be of use to both the therapist and their supervisor in providing a clear, structured and easily updated statement of the essential features of the case.

In stored blood, susceptibility to lysis by bile salts and lysolipin is increased, while to saponin it is decreased. This suggests that some substance with certain of the properties of lysolipin, bile salts, and soaps has appeared during storage, but it is thought unlikely that this substance is responsible for the natural hæmolysis occurring during storage, for the altered response is not correlated with natural hæmolysis. In the microcytic anæmias, lysis by bile salts, lysolipin, and saponin is probably normal. In acholuric family jaundice resistance to these lipins is somewhat decreased, while in the microcytic anaemias it is definitely decreased. There is no evidence that this decrease of resistance is due to the pre‐adsorbtion of a hæmolytic substance in vivo . If experiments on hæmolysis are to have any meaning, the titres of lysins used ought to be referred to the total surface area of the cell suspensions.

SUMMARY We present profiles of the vertical distribution of bromine in cores of the late Permian (Zechstein) Boulby Halite Formation (EZ3 Na) from lower Teesside and from the potash field around Boulby Mine, Staithes, North Yorkshire. The profile for the Teesside core shows that the bromine content of the halite there (and therefore the salinity of the originating brine) lies in the lower part of the range regarded as normal for marine-derived brines throughout deposition of the formation and increases only slightly near the top. The bromine content of the Boulby Halite in the potash field core is generally slightly greater than that in the Teesside core, but, as predicted by conventional theory, increases sharply in the Boulby Potash Member near the top of the formation. Comparison of the two bromine concentration profiles suggests a close correlation. This suggested correlation needs to be tested against other bromine profiles but, if correct, implies (a) that closely sampled bromine profiles are a useful tool in the correlation of salt deposits, and (b) the Boulby Potash is entirely, or almost entirely, younger than the Boulby Halite of Teesside, possibly indicating basin-shrinkage.

In order to improve the efficiency of the recovery of potash from the sylvinite ore, Cleveland Potash has installed a filter plate press system. The use of this equipment in the potash industry is a new application for the filter press. The paper describes the early testwork, the installation of the equipment, the problems experienced and how they were overcome. Four years on from start-up of the production plant, the installation is now proving its reliability and commercial value.

The objective of this study was to explore nurses' perceptions of end-of-life care following the withdrawal of the Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP). Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses working in palliative care. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: perceptions of the LCP, prevailing issues, and patients' and families' experiences. This study suggested that the removal of the pathway has not remedied the issues attributed to it. Further, the way in which the LCP was removed indicates that the non-expert media can play a negative role in how palliative care is perceived, which inhibits the care process. In this respect it is important that 'insider' voices are also heard, in order to educate and also redress disinformation. Similarly, broader, persisting, contextual challenges facing staff need addressing in order to prevent a repeat of the issues leading to the removal of the LCP.

The Remote 3 (“Remote Cubed”) project is a Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Public Engagement Leadership Fellowship funded activity, organised in collaboration between the University of Edinburgh (UoE), and STFC’s Public Engagement Team, Scientific Computing, and the Boulby Underground Laboratory – part of STFC Particle Physics. Remote 3 works with school audiences to challenge teams of young people to design, build, and program their own LEGO Mindstorms [1] “Mars Rover”, which is then tested at the Boulby Underground Laboratory’s Mars Yard, 1.1 km underground. Teams, with the assistance of mentors from UoE and STFC, design their rover to complete various space-exploration themed challenges – ranging from taking a panoramic environment scan to navigating the Mars Yard landscape looking for LEGO brick samples. The project aims to engage with audiences that are underserved by public engagement opportunities, especially those that provide experience with cutting edge science, for example those from remote highland locations and those from areas of higher social depravation. We give them the opportunity to work hands on with engineering and computing, whilst learning from and interacting with real scientists and engineers. Since its inception in 2019, Remote 3 has flourished in a wide variety of different environments and through multiple media, from entirely virtual during the lockdowns of 2020-21, to working closely with active scientists deep underground, to visits to schools by Remote 3 members, communal group storytelling at libraries, and extensive displays and hands on activities in tents in fields at festivals. This year, Remote 3 is building on the lessons learnt through this varied programme to deliver a series of engagement activities in conjunction with STFC’s Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Public Open Week, which had an audience of 15,000 people.