Ericsson (Serbia)

The initial vision of the Internet of Things was of a world in which all physical objects are tagged and uniquely identified by RFID transponders. However, the concept has grown into multiple dimensions, encompassing sensor networks able to provide real-world intelligence and goal-oriented collaboration of distributed smart objects via local networks or global interconnections such as the Internet. Despite significant technological advances, difficulties associated with the evaluation of IoT solutions under realistic conditions in real-world experimental deployments still hamper their maturation and significant rollout. In this article we identify requirements for the next generation of IoT experimental facilities. While providing a taxonomy, we also survey currently available research testbeds, identify existing gaps, and suggest new directions based on experience from recent efforts in this field.

Internet of Things (IoT) domain has attracted a lot of interest over the last few years, to a large extent due to its applicability across a plethora of application domains. This variety of application domains resulted in a variety of requirements that IoT systems should comply with. Due to the heterogeneity of the domains, the requirements varied significantly, and demanding more or less complex systems with varied performance expectations. This situation affected the architecture design and resulted in a range of IoT architectures with not only varied set of components and functionalities, but also varied terminologies used. It resulted in limited interoperability between the systems which in turn hampered development of the complete domain. To address these issues, to ensure a common understanding by providing a framework catering for different applications and eventually enable reuse of the existing work across the domains, reference architectures are an appropriate tool. This paper presents an overview of the activities done in Europe towards definition of such a common framework together with how it is being used and a potential outlook for these efforts.

IEEE Working Group 802.17 is standardizing a new ring topology network architecture, called the resilient packet ring, to be used mainly in metropolitan and wide area networks. This article presents a technology background, gives an overview, and explains some of the design choices behind RPR. Some major architectural features are illustrated and compared by showing performance evaluation results using the RPR simulator developed at Simula Research Laboratory using the OPNET modeler simulation environment.

Smart cities are nowadays expanding and flourishing worldwide with Internet of Things (IoT), i.e. smart things like sensors and actuators, and mobile devices applications and installations which change the citizens' and authorities' everyday life. Smart cities produce daily huge streams of sensors data while citizens interact with Web and/or mobile devices utilizing social networks. In such a smart city context, new approaches to integrate big data streams from both sensors and social networks are needed to exploit big data production and circulation towards offering innovative solutions and applications. The SmartSantander infrastructure (EU FP7 project) has offered the ground for the SEN2SOC experiment which has integrated sensor and social data streams. This presentation outlines its research and industrial perspective and potential impact.

In this paper we present a novel method of fusing of the sequences of images obtained from multimodal surveillance cameras and subject to distortions typical for visual sensor networks environment. The proposed fusion method uses the structural similarity measure (SSIM) to measure a level of noise in regions of a received image in order to optimize the selection of regions in the fused image. The region-based image fusion algorithm using the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) is used to fuse the selected regions. The performance of the proposed method was extensively tested for a number of multimodal surveillance image sequences and proposed method outperformed the state-of-the-art algorithms, increasing significantly the quality of the fused image, both visually and in terms of the Petrovic image fusion metric.

Internet of Things (IoT) envisages an environment in which a huge number of heterogeneous devices will interact, collaborate and provide information to users or execute actuation commands based on the users' instructions. Web services are seen as one of the most promising approaches for enabling such interactions. As most of the IoT devices are limited in terms of processing power, available memory and battery lifetime, one of the most important aspects is the efficient data transfer from the devices to the server side. This paper addresses the performance of embedded web services through evaluation of XML compact binary representation. Evaluation is based on comparative analysis of speed, memory and battery consumption for XML and Protobuf formats. Preliminary results show that the Protobuf significantly exceeds the XML in every aspect of conducted measures.

In this paper we present results of traffic modeling and simulation of multiplayer real-time games and M2M applications using TCP protocol over Telekom Serbia HSPA mobile network, performed within the FP7 LOLA project. In this experimentation, the RTT (Round Trip Time) and cell statistics are analysed. For this purpose, a traffic generation application is developed for Android phones to generate traffic pattern for emerging Machine Type Communication and online multiplayer games in mobile wireless network for different offset of tests. Application is activated by setting the corresponding parameters related to desired test case, i.e. duration of testing, size and frequency of the data packets that the application sends to the server. The main goal of the cell statistic analysis is to evaluate potential impact of additional simulated traffic in view of increasing data-centric users on the performance of mobile wireless radio network.

With an increasing number of M2M devices communicating over SMS, the need for security was raised because standard SMS messaging service does not provide any light-weight security mechanisms. In this paper we propose hybrid application-layer security with compression for M2M communication over SMS. The signature is calculated using device IMEI, secret key and payload; thus signature is not always the same, which prevents duplicated/stolen signature and replay attack and it provides a content integrity check. The security is implemented on android powered mobile devices and evaluated against non-secure payload for message response time and bandwidth in live GSM network. Evaluation shows that SMS delivery time is not influenced by this security mechanism. In addition compression can save bandwidth for more verbose and longer payloads.

The driving concept of device management in M2M systems is establishment of a comprehensive end-to-end resource oriented design. In this paper, OMA-DM protocol for device management of M2M devices in 3GPP LTE networks is proposed and discussed. The OMA-DM represents a stable starting point for device management. Utilization of this protocol in M2M requires efficient message formats and transport replacement such as CoAP, Core Link Format, EXI, etc. The additional wake up mechanisms should also be considered for managing the stand by policies.

M2M devices can be deployed at various, often not easy to access locations like rural areas, high on the buildings or on moving vehicles. Mobile networks provide connectivity to such devices over the existing infrastructure. This paper presents an implementation and evaluation of the SMS for M2M communication by utilizing CoAP message semantics. The CoAP is a high-layer protocol that strives to become a standardized solution for M2M communication, and as such is interesting for related activities. The evaluation of regular, concatenated and multicast SMS transport shows that increased SMS traffic can lead to longer delivery time. This may not be a concern for M2M devices that are usually sensors with long sleeping cycles; but for other M2M scenarios that requires higher throughput, higher data rates can be achieved by agreeing over specific SLA with Service Provider.

Numerous projects in the area of Real-World Internet (RWI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Internet Connected Objects have proposed architectures for the systems they develop. All of these systems are faced with very similar problems in their architecture and design and interoperability among these systems is limited. To address these issues and to speed up development and deployment while at the same time reduce development and maintenance costs, reference architectures are an appropriate tool. As reference architectures require agreement among all stakeholders, they are usually developed in an incremental process. This paper presents the current status of our work on a reference architecture for the RWI as an architectural blueprint.

In this paper we presented results of the performance evaluation of the WCDMA/HSPA radio access network when loaded with multiplayer real-time games and M2M applications traffic. Evaluation was done in a live network, on one Node B. Traffic, characteristic for the emerging Machine Type Communication and online multiplayer games, was generated by an application running on 10 mobile phones in parallel, all connected to the Node B under test. The focus of the work was on the RTT (Round Trip Time) and radio cell statistics. The main goal of the cell statistics analysis was to evaluate potential impact of the additional traffic on the performance of 3G/HSPA radio access network. It is concluded that system is designed more for continuous traffic patterns with high data rate in general, than for sporadic traffic patterns with very low data rate, like that of M2M or online gaming nodes. Therefore, the cost of signaling and control activity is dominant in comparison to the data rate.

ABSTRACT This paper presents Exalted Lightweight For Open Mobile Alliance Device Management (OMA DM) v1.x, an alternative lightweight solution that is fully compatible with the current OMA DM protocol and with all existing OMA Management Objects. This solution aims to enable operators and service providers to leverage their existing OMA DM servers to continue supporting current OMA DM enabled mobile devices and to incrementally support new constrained machine to machine devices through an added proxy server. Exalted Lightweight For Open Mobile Alliance Device Management v1.x reduces the size of OMA DM messages by 89% while optimizing the processing performance and resource consumption. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract In this paper, performance analysis of a High Speed Packet Access network in the presence of machine‐to‐machine (M2M) and online gaming traffic is described. The evaluation was performed in a live network, using a number of mobile phones to generate additional traffic load. One Node B, with different configurations, was used throughout the experiments. The main areas of impact are identified, and similar underlying mechanisms are later recognised through deployment of a commercial large‐scale M2M application. The paper describes the key findings of the analysis of five test cases from the network performance aspect. It further associates perceived network behaviour with the end‐user experience in terms of the average delays. At the end, a comparison with the observed impacts of a live M2M application is given, and the main issues highlighted, together with a discussion on possible solutions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Eclipse effect analysis is performed for the chirp radar using the chirp signal ambiguity function. A new approach to sidelobe suppression for the radar compression filter response is proposed, which enables better detection and tracking of the targets within the eclipsing zone.

The ambiguity function of chirp radar is shaped by compression filter design. The proposed optimization procedure for compression filter synthesis takes into account minimum loss in resolution and maximum reduction of sidelobes in the preferred Doppler range. This algorithm can be applied in high-resolution radar and sonar design.

Eclipse effect analysis is performed for the chirp radar using the chirp signal ambiguity function. A new approach to sidelobe suppression for the radar compression filter response is proposed, which enables better detection and tracking of the targets within the eclipsing zone.

In this paper, an implementation of a Resource Directory, a directory storing descriptions of resources available in an Internet of Things system, based on a native XML database is described. Its performance is compared with performance of a Resource Directory with the same functionality, but implemented using a relational, SQL database. The evaluation results show hat the XML based Resource Directory provides more flexible management of the resources and shorter response time.

Internet of Things (IoT) has become the part of everyday life as well as industry and society. One of the main concerns of mobile operator before implementing IoT in the mobile network is how much the IoT traffic will affect the performance of MBB users. In this paper, we present the simulation study that analyzes the impact of NB-IoT implementation on LTE MBB performance, based on one real network case considering the current status as well as the projected future traffic growth in the network.

In this paper, some results of an extensive simulation study concerning the efficiency of turbo coding in downlink WCDMA receivers using two type of chip level equalizers - one common pilot channel-trained, the other prefilter-RAKE - are presented. Their performances are compared to the performances of the conventional RAKE receiver under various scenarios. Special consideration is given to the number of iterations needed for an efficient turbo decoding.