Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas

We review recent research on collective intelligence, which we define as the ability of a group to perform a wide variety of tasks. We focus on two influences on a group’s collective intelligence: (a) group composition (e.g., the members’ skills, diversity, and intelligence) and (b) group interaction (e.g., structures, processes, and norms). We also call for more research to investigate how social interventions and technological tools can be used to enhance collective intelligence.

This article estimates the electoral effects of conditional cash transfers (CCTs) in three presidential elections in Brazil. It analyzes municipal‐level electoral results and survey data and employs matching techniques to reduce causal inference problems typical of observational studies. Results show that CCTs are associated with increased performance by the incumbent party presidential candidate in all three elections but that these effects have been reaped by incumbents from different parties. It also shows that CCTs have had no discernible impacts on party identification and the performance of incumbent parties in legislative elections. Together, these findings suggest that CCTs are significant in the short run, but lack the capacity to induce substantial long‐term voter realignments.

Recent scholarship on transparency has been voluminous, and transparency policies continue to garner international adherents through global initiatives such as the Open Government Partnership. Yet extant scholarship has failed to address the empirical parameters for what constitutes 'tr ansparency' and what does not. This lacuna gives way to misuses and abuses, jeopardizing the analytical utility of the term and the integrity of so-called 'transparency' policies. This article provides a framework and a vocabulary for identifying and evaluating transparency, which depends on two necessary and jointly sufficient conditions: the visibility of information, and its inferability – the ability to draw accurate conclusions from it. By disaggregating these two conditions for identifying transparency, this article provides a framework for the emerging research agenda on the quality of transparency.

In spite of the recognized importance of team creativity for organizational success, the factors that influence it are not well understood. In this paper, we address an important gap in the literature on the impact of team diversity on team creativity. We show how team cognitive diversity both enhances and inhibits team cognition, or the manner in which information is organized and distributed within the team. We further demonstrate that team cognition is a key mechanism through which cognitive diversity influences team creativity. The paper introduces a new theoretical lens, the signal-detection perspective, which argues that cognitive diversity amplifies the signals to the location of critical cognitive resources within the team and aids in their detection, consequently enhancing the form of team cognition that is central to team creativity. We test the predictions in a longitudinal study with 112 MBA student project teams. This research advances our understanding of what makes teams creative by synthesizing and testing existing theory as well as providing a new perspective that highlights an alternative way in which a team’s cognitive inputs impact team creativity. This paper was accepted by Sendil Ethiraj, organizations.

Purpose This study aims to identify appropriate strategies and actions adopted by business-to-business firms to cope with the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. Design/methodology/approach A review of business-to-business marketing responses to the COVID-19 crisis in China was conducted. Findings Nine marketing responses built on core business processes were classified into three categories: (1) embedded in product development management process (stretching product lines to meet urgent needs, expanding product lines to meet urgent needs and adjusting products proactively for emerging needs), (2) built on supply chain management process (coordinating suppliers to meet surging demand, migrating to digital distribution channels and solidarity with supply chain members) and (3) related to customer relationship management process (investing in advertising and promotion, cross-selling to existing customers and supporting customers). Originality/value This study contributes to the literature of marketing responses to COVID-19 by examining the cash flows effects of various marketing responses. It also contributes to the business processes based on marketing strategy framework by extending it to the crisis management context. In addition, it provides five practical suggestions for business-to-business firms to cope with the COVID-19 crisis.

The rapid increase in urban population poses significant challenges to the administration of cities worldwide. Thus, a growing number of initiatives are being implemented to alleviate such strain by attempting to transform urban centers into smart cities. Alongside the concept of smart city, a specific variation of this concept is emerging in the Tourism sector, namely smart tourism destinations (STD). Despite the growing number of STD initiatives in different countries, the extant literature remains silent on this growing phenomenon. As such, the objective of this paper is to propose a model—The Smart Tourism Destination Development Model—aimed at indicating a strategic path that a tourism destination should follow to become a smart one. As such, this study discusses the STD concept, and argues that besides enhancing the destination competitiveness, an STD project should also be grounded on a stainable paradigm in order to create public value for the hosting community.

Organizations are increasingly looking for ways to reap the benefits of cognitive diversity for problem solving. A major unanswered question concerns the implications of cognitive diversity for longer-term outcomes such as team learning, with its broader effects on organizational learning and productivity. We study how cognitive style diversity in teams-or diversity in the way that team members encode, organize and process information-indirectly influences team learning through collective intelligence, or the general ability of a team to work together across a wide array of tasks. Synthesizing several perspectives, we predict and find that cognitive style diversity has a curvilinear-inverted U-shaped-relationship with collective intelligence. Collective intelligence is further positively related to the rate at which teams learn, and is a mechanism guiding the indirect relationship between cognitive style diversity and team learning. We test the predictions in 98 teams using ten rounds of the minimum-effort tacit coordination game. Overall, this research advances our understanding of the implications of cognitive diversity for organizations and why some teams demonstrate high levels of team learning in dynamic situations while others do not.

This paper emphasizes the importance of evaluating public programs, considering the acuteness of the fiscal crisis, the lack of public sector funding, and the indispensable government intervention in order to meet the needs of the underprivileged. Systematic, continuous and effective evaluation is a powerful managerial tool, allowing policymakers and program managers to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of social program funding. The paper discusses the conceptual maze that still prevails in this field, revealed by the multiple concepts that can be applied, by the different types of evaluation and by the variety of criteria presented by specialists. Criteria application, on the other hand, requires specific operational forms, known as social indicators, whose definition is not unanimous either. Evaluation is a set of techniques which use distinctive concepts often to refer to the same procedures. Therefore, until there is some progress in theorizing the practice and finding the necessary consensus for the construction of conceptual paradigms every evaluation effort will require the previous establishment of a reference framework for analysis and supervised personnel training. Experienced professionals may adopt this procedure for consultancies, but not all technical personnel can undertake this job without making evaluation even more difficult. But neither difficulties nor risks should be an overwhelming obstacle for trying to apply such methodology systematically. After all, this is a field — such as many others in administration — in which learning with practice contributes for overcoming conceptual and operational hindrances.

Abstract Anecdotal and indirect empirical evidence suggest that excitement and market bubbles are intertwined, such that excitement not only arises during bubbles but may also help fuel them. We directly test the impact of excitement on bubbles in a bubble-prone experimental asset-pricing market ( Capinalp, Porter, and Smith, 2001 ). Prior to trading, participants are assigned to emotion inductions through video clips The results of fifty-five markets show larger asset pricing bubbles in magnitude and amplitude in the excitement treatment relative to a treatment of same valence and lower intensity ( calm ) and a treatment of similar intensity and opposite valence ( fear ).

One of the key debates in the literature on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in developing countries has to do with the role that local industrial districts, or so-called industrial clusters, play in the promotion of CSR in those countries. While there is now an embryonic literature on this subject, we lack systematic, integrated analytical frameworks that can improve our understanding of the role that governance of clusters play in addressing CSR concerns in SMEs in developing countries. This article develops such a conceptual framework drawing on the literatures on cluster governance, CSR, SMEs, and environmental management (EM) as they relate to the developing countries. The authors argue that environmental improvements in SME clusters can be achieved through three basic types of cluster governance: legal enforcement, supply chain pressure, and voluntary engagement in CSR. The proposed framework is an attempt to show how each type of cluster governance is likely to induce different responses in cluster-based SMEs. These responses are related to stages of CSR in which SMEs engage, the barriers to EM they face, the types of EM practices they use, the climate change strategy types they use, and the kinds of benefits that accrue to SMEs from engagement in CSR. The authors put foward a framework that can be useful for both academics and practitioners as they seek to reflect on the interconnectedness of these themes from a research, policy, and practice perspective.

This paper presents the concept of social management based upon the theoretical and practical experiences developed within the Social Management Studies Program, a line of research implemented by EBAP/FGV

Can fear trigger risk-taking? In this paper, we assess whether fear can be reinterpreted as a state of excitement as a result of contextual cues and promote, rather than discourage, risk-taking. In a laboratory experiment, the participants' emotional states were induced (fear vs. control), followed by a purportedly unrelated financial task. The task was framed as either a stock market investment or an exciting casino game. Our results showed that incidental fear (vs. control) induced risk-averse behaviour when the task was framed as a stock investment decision. However, fear encouraged risk-taking when the very same task was framed as an exciting casino game. The impact of fear on risk-taking was partially mediated by the excitement felt during the financial task.

Resumo Este estudo investigou as vantagens e desvantagens do teletrabalho na administração pública na percepção de 98 teletrabalhadores e 28 gestores do Serviço Federal de Processamento de Dados (Serpro) e da Receita Federal. Trata-se de pesquisa qualiquantitativa, composta por questionários aplicados aos teletrabalhadores e entrevistas com os gestores, que abordou aspectos estruturais, físicos, pessoais, profissionais e psicológicos. Os resultados evidenciaram como vantagens: melhoria da qualidade de vida; maior equilíbrio na relação trabalho x família; maior produtividade; flexibilidade; criação de métricas; redução de custo; estresse; tempo de deslocamento; exposição à violência; e conhecimento da demanda de trabalho. Já as desvantagens foram: não adaptação; falta de comunicação; perda de vínculo com a empresa; problemas psicológicos; infraestrutura; e controle do teletrabalhador. Conclui-se que o teletrabalho necessita de um modelo de gestão que o torne mais aderente à esfera pública.

Prior research examining how negative feelings influence aesthetic preferences (e.g., liking of different kinds of music, movies, or stories) has reported inconsistent findings. This article proposes a theoretical argument to explain when people are more likely to prefer mood-congruent to mood-incongruent aesthetic stimuli. It is suggested that mood-congruent aesthetic experiences, for example, listening to sad songs when feeling sad, (a) serve as a surrogate for the mood-sharing often observed in empathic relationships and hence (b) are preferred when emotional distress comes from failing interpersonal relationships (vs. noninterpersonal events). Consistent with this proposition, people's preferences for mood-congruent music strongly correlate with their preferences for an empathic friend (experiment 1). Further, mood-congruent preferences significantly increase when people experience interpersonal (vs. noninterpersonal) distress, independent of emotional intensity, emotion type (sadness and frustration/anger), and normative issues (experiments 1-3). Further theoretical developments and future research are discussed.

Pollution and the economy seem to have been inextricably linked throughout human history. Yet the relationship between environmental harm and economic development is complex and its understanding has been fragmented by disciplinary biases. Economists and environmental scientists have diverged on the urgency of abatement mechanisms and the marginal returns on investment on control technologies and social adaptations. The Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis has dominated this discourse, but is only one part of a broader pollution-economy nexus. As we consider a societal shift towards a circular economy, there is a need to consider a more integrated framework for analyzing the empirical evidence that connects pollution and economic development, and its implications for human well-being and the achievement of the sustainable development goals. This paper develops the main connections between pollution and economic development by reviewing the existing empirical evidence in the literature.

This article examines how a least developed country-based social business first creates operational capabilities (OCs) and then, over time, builds innovative capabilities (ICs) to fulfil a social need, be self-sustainable and achieve inclusive innovation. This relationship is examined in Bangladesh's Grameen Danone Foods Limited (GDFL) by integrating the technological capability and inclusive innovation theoretical frameworks and by using data gathered through extensive fieldwork. Broadly, our findings show how GDFL built and accumulated basic and intermediate ICs to undertake innovative activities in all areas of operation. Specifically, our findings scrutinize the process in which a social business develops and organizes its resources to initially build OCs and engage in the creation of ICs through various learning mechanisms to deliver inclusive innovation. From this process, we also observe a set of unpredicted positive spillovers to the community, which expands the inclusiveness effect. The findings also suggest that having a social orientation, triggers the use of different resources from within and outside the firm to achieve inclusive innovation. We conclude by discussing the study's implications for scholars, policy-makers and managers of multinational's social businesses. We also highlight future research areas, and crucially those related to key emerging conceptual limitations of inclusive innovation and development.

Resumo A representatividade da mulher em altos cargos vem aumentando ao longo dos anos, mas as dificuldades ainda persistem. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar os obstáculos que se apresentam ao longo da carreira da mulher brasileira e entender como ela se reconhece na posição de líder, quais são seus principais desafios e como ela pode superá-los para atingir a igualdade - não apenas no trabalho, mas também no lar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo. Selecionamos, por meio de rede social própria, 15 mulheres que atuavam como líderes em organizações públicas e privadas no Rio de Janeiro, entre 2014 e 2016. Os resultados mostraram que essas mulheres tinham uma noção mais andrógina de liderança do que a sugerida pela literatura e que elas se viam como merecedoras desse papel, apesar de sofrerem vários tipos de preconceito em suas trajetórias.

Abstract How well is Brazil’s access to information (ATI) law working five years after passage? And what can be done to improve it? Drawing on official data as well as nine evaluations of compliance with ATI obligations, interviews with policymakers, and archival research, this paper provides descriptive and inferential statistics on compliance with ATI requests and indicators of implementation. Results show that less than one in every two requests in Brazil obtains a response from agencies, and more than 50% of requests exceed the time limits established in the law. Evidence of weak commitments to ATI are also illustrated by the paucity of several key indicators of compliance, including statistics on requests, declared commitments to ATI, ATI-specific platforms for making requests, and designated oversight institutions. Brazil urgently needs to invest in greater information management, empowering oversight institutions to implement and adjudicate ATI obligations.

Resumo Este estudo investigou as vantagens e desvantagens do teletrabalho na administração pública na percepção de 98 teletrabalhadores e 28 gestores do Serviço Federal de Processamento de Dados (Serpro) e da Receita Federal. Trata-se de pesquisa qualiquantitativa, composta por questionários aplicados aos teletrabalhadores e entrevistas com os gestores, que abordou aspectos estruturais, físicos, pessoais, profissionais e psicológicos. Os resultados evidenciaram como vantagens: melhoria da qualidade de vida; maior equilíbrio na relação trabalho x família; maior produtividade; flexibilidade; criação de métricas; redução de custo; estresse; tempo de deslocamento; exposição à violência; e conhecimento da demanda de trabalho. Já as desvantagens foram: não adaptação; falta de comunicação; perda de vínculo com a empresa; problemas psicológicos; infraestrutura; e controle do teletrabalhador. Conclui-se que o teletrabalho necessita de um modelo de gestão que o torne mais aderente à esfera pública.

This empirical article investigates the relationship between national culture and consumer decision-making styles in the purchase of cell phones, a product category that appears to be required by consumers independent of their nationalities. To make the research measurable, we used Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions (power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and masculinity) and Sproles and Kendall’s Consumer Style Inventory framework (quality conscious, brand conscious, innovative, recreation, price conscious, impulsive, confused and brand loyal), and tested nine hypotheses through MANOVA in a sample of 108 buyers of the product in Brazil, 104 in the USA, and 107 in Japan, countries ranked in the top ten of the world’s largest cell phone market. Factor Analysis via Principal Component Analysis was conducted to examine the suitability of the eight-factor model in observations from each country. The three nationalities and the eight decision-making styles were treated as independent and dependent variables, respectively. Findings showed mixed evidence for the application of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions to decision-making styles. Managerial implications and suggestions for future research are presented to help understand the relationship between national culture and consumer decision-making styles.