Facoltà di Teologia di Lugano

Was ist Kirchenrecht? Wie wird es begründet? Mit welchen Grundbegriffen arbeitet es? Was sind seine Aufgaben? Ludger Müller und Christoph Ohly erschließen kompakt die Grundlagen, Begriffe und Quellen des Kirchenrechts. Tabellen und Übersichten erleichtern das Verständnis. Studierende erhalten neben wichtigen Grundlagen für ihr Studium auch Hilfestellung bei der Prüfungsvorbereitung.

Qumran Cave 1Q was the first site of Dead Sea scroll discoveries. Found and partly emptied by local Bedouin, the cave was excavated officially in 1949 and published in the series Discoveries in the Judaean Desert (Volume 1) in 1955. Contents of the cave are found in collections worldwide, and in different institutions in Jerusalem and Amman. While the scrolls are the most highly prized artefacts from this cave, in archaeological terms they are part of an assemblage that needs to be understood holistically in order to make conclusions about its character and dating. This study presents all of the known items retrieved from the cave, including those that are currently lost, in order to consider what we might know about the cave prior to its emptying and the changes to its form. It constitutes preliminary work done as part of the Leverhulme funded International Network for the Study of Dispersed Qumran Caves Artefacts and Archival Sources [IN-2015-067].

In Pensare l'infosfera La filosofia come design concettuale, Luciano Floridi states the value of a correct analysis and philosophical responses within the information age we are living in. The aim of this paper is to suggest several ideas for reflecting on some of Floridi's topics such as the analysis of presence, relationship and semantization. In the second paragraph, after a brief introduction about the author, I will analyse philosophical insights on the relationship between being and determination. In the third paragraph, I am going to suggest the importance of a correct analysis of presence. In the fourth paragraph, a possible analogy between the philosophy of information and a certain form of neo-idealism will be shown. At last, I try to show how the philosophy of information can play a key role in the way we think about reality, but also its possible conceptual risks.

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Background: The use of continuous glucose monitors (CGM) in scuba diving for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) shows potential but faces challenges related to accuracy. Previous research has highlighted the poor accuracy of the Dexcom G7 (DG7) in repetitive diving contexts. This study investigates the impact of calibration on the accuracy of DG7, providing valuable insights for patients and clinicians. Materials and methods: In August 2024, 'Diabete Sommerso' organised a 4-day diving cruise around Elba Island (Italy) with 15 participants, including individuals with T1DM. Each participant with diabetes wore two DG7 sensors (one on the arm and one on the abdomen), calibrated daily and compared the results to capillary glucose (Beurer GL50Evo as the reference). Accuracy was assessed using mean absolute relative difference (MARD)/median ARD, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) integrated continuous glucose monitoring (iCGM) criteria and Surveillance Error Grid (SEG) analysis. Hypoglycaemia detection and trends were also evaluated. Results: Eight participants with T1DM completed the study using 16 DG7 sensors with no detachments or skin reactions. Analysis of 765 sensor-capillary glucose pairs during 68 dives showed an overall MARD of 13.7%, with arm sensors (11% MARD) outperforming abdomen sensors (16%, p=0.0001). SEG analysis revealed that more than 97% of readings fell within the no-risk zone; however, the FDA's iCGM criteria for non-adjunctive use were not met. Conclusions: Calibration improved the accuracy of DG7 in repetitive diving for patients with T1DM. However, capillary glucose checks remain essential, as non-adjunctive criteria were not met.

L'autore si propone di evidenziare quello che l'Enciclica Evangelium Vltae (EV) aggiunge alla già singolarmente ricca messe di insegnamenti morali offerti sull'aborto dal Magistero ecclesiale. Dopo un breve cenno ad alcune novità in certo senso marginali rispetto alla sostanza della dottrina, l'Autore si sofferma a mostrare come l'Enciclica svolge la problematica etica sollevata dalla legalizzazione dell'aborto, a partire dalla valutazione di una tale legge e dello Stato che la emana. Una valutazione che EV formula in termini particolarmente, ma fondatamente, severi. Viene quindi messa in luce la soluzione che trovano in EV due problemi, tra i più gravi e complessi, conseguenti alla legalizzazione dell'aborto: l'obiezione di coscienza e le nuove forme di cooperazione alla esecuzione di aborti. Ma anche sull'aborto considerato in se stesso l'Enciclica presenta elementi significativi di novità, che vengono brevemente sottolineati. L'Autore, infine, ha cura di mostrare quale carica intensa di amore appassionato per l'uomo traspare da un'enciclica che una lettura frettolosa o superficiale rischia di scambiare per una serie di severe condanne freddamente formulate.

“New wine into new wineskins”: some first notes on the current challenges for canon law 
 ABSTRACT: Inspired by the Summary Document of the recent Synod of Bishops, which requests a revision of the Code of Canon Law and the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, this study intends to reflect on the contribution that canonical doctrine can offer for this revision. Specifically, the study analyzes the current Code as a result of both the Second Vatican Council and the legal classifications specific to the positivist culture during the 19th and 20th centuries and, consequently, it observes the necessity, from a de iure condendo perspective, to approach the work articulated towards a mature acceptance of certain aspects of the Second Vatican Council not appropriately valued in the drafting of the Code, such as the pneumatological renewal of the theology and ecclesiology of communion. Given these remarks, it is possible to move in the direction indicated by the Synod, avoiding "pouring the new wine of the Synod into old wineskins" of the now outdated juridical categories. In this perspective, the study identifies four potential areas for renewal, both urgent and achievable.
 SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Una pro-vocazione alla canonistica - 3. Un complesso lavoro di ricezione - 4. Alcune questioni sulle quali riflettere - 5. Considerazioni di sintesi.

Algorythms and decisional process. At the origins of ethical-practical reflection for AI This contribution aims to investigate not so much the ethical implications of utilizing intelligent machines in specific contexts, (human resources, self-driving cars, robotic hospital assistants, et cetera), but the premises of their widespread use. In particular, it aims to analyze the complex concept of decision making - the cornerstone of any ethical argument - from a dual point of view: decision making assigned to machines and decision making enacted by machines. Analyzing the role of algorithms in decision making, we suggest a redefinition of the ethical vocabulary for AI, specifically regarding the concept of agency.

An earlier version of this article was published in German. See: M. Hauke, Die marianischen Aussagen des Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzils und ihre Interpretation durch Johannes Paul II, in Sedes Sapientiae. Marianisches Jahrbuch 16 (1/2012), pgs. 58-88.

The idea of a confrontation between Rosmini and phenomenology is not new, but it still lacks a systematic approach, which must start from a comparison between Rosmini and Husserl. Their common reaction to Kant is, in fact, the most suitable way to understand the exact distance of Rosmini from phenomenology. Similar, in fact, are both the criticism of the synthetic a priori judgments, and the attempt to give them the right theoretical position in a synthetic-intuitive moment. While Husserl identifies it with the eidetic character of the experience of the world, and thus cannot overcome the solipsism of the conscience inherited from Descartes, for Rosmini this synthesis reconnects originally the subject with the otherness of the world and of the transcendent absolute: in Rosmini, the a priori synthesis means that the subject knows this objective otherness, because the original otherness of the idea of being is a priori condition of all subjective knowledge and consciousness.

L’article montre que la Bible n’est pas un répertoire de solutions éthiques prêtes à l’emploi. Selon l’Évangile, les clés herméneutiques de l’agir, et donc de la morale, sont le discours des béatitudes, l’annonce et l’accueil du Royaume, la nécessaire attitude de pauvreté vis-à-vis de Dieu : non pas des normes morales en elles-mêmes, mais l’esquisse d’une attitude fondamentale de l’homme devant Dieu. Une attitude qui pose évidemment aussi des exigences éthiques, de manière que l’on peut dire que si l’on interroge la Bible à partir d’une préoccupation morale, on y trouvera peu et beaucoup en même temps.

Abstract The article takes into consideration a certain number of readings contained in the Göttingen critical edition of the book of Leviticus published by J.W. Wevers in 1986. Whilst maintaining the importance of this edition, it is possible to note that in numerous points the readings chosen seem to be the most harmonized with the Hebrew text, thereby risking the loss of some particular characteristics of the LXX text that may contain interpretative elements of a theological or legislative nature. In this contribution I shall review some examples that seem significant to me in which, with differing degrees of certainty, we might suspect that such a harmonizing tendency has influenced the readings chosen by Wevers, even in some cases including the tendency to introduce Hexaplaric readings.

The munus docendi, that is, the function of teaching, is a mission conferred by Christ not only on the Church, but also on the family as ecclesia domestica. In this sense, the aim of this article is to analyze the canonical, anthropological and moral nuances of such a great task, which is responsible for transmitting the faith, building character and the proper insertion of Christians into society.

The paper aims to deepen the talmudic elements in Lorenzo Milani’s pedagogy. Milani, as a Jewish teacher, wanted a school where students were trained in critical thinking, in interpretation, in debate, in disagreement. Milani’s Jewish genius has given life to a learning community where the «mastery of word» was the basic skill to develop human conscience.

L'articolo parla della nuova traduzione del Messale Romano in lingua italiana. Alla prima domenica di Avvento del 2020 in tutte le comunità di lingua italiana sono entrate in vigore diverse novità: oltre ad una attualizzazione delle orazioni e dell'ordinario della Messa, si può notare una maggiore sensibilità al rapporto tempo / eternità.

Observations on the stable patrimony of canonical bodies. At the crossroads between civil discipline, canon law and regulation practice ABSTRACT: The aim of the paper is to reflect, starting from the renewed interest of doctrine in relation to the canonical concept of "stable patrimony", on the theoretical and applicative profiles connected to it. In particular, adequate attention is paid to civil law profiles and to the problems arising in application practice. SOMMARIO: 1. La riscoperta del patrimonio stabile - 2. La prospettiva civilistica - 3. Il patrimonio stabile come strumento operativo - 4. Questioni aperte prassi applicativa - 4.1. - Due criteri che devono presiedere gli atti di legittima assegnazione - 4.2. - Profili pubblicitari dell’atto di legittima assegnazione - 5. Considerazioni conclusive.

The article begins with a brief look at the testimony to Christ in the New Testa-ment, which is assumed to be authoritative by the Council of Nicaea. The first ecumenical council in 325 was intended to set standards for the entire world church. The binding rule of faith (regula fidei) had, of course, existed from the very beginning and was already evident in the faith in Christ of the early church long before Nicaea, even if the existing faith was specified at the Coun-cil. In order to understand the Council of Nicaea, we then need to take a look at the heresy of Arius, which is condemned. As the Nicene Creed uses a philosophical term from the Greek lan-guage (ὁμοούσιος, ‘equal in essence’), the Council was criticised for having philosophically al-ienated the biblical faith. This accusation of the ‘Hellenization’ of Christianity is also addressed. Above all, however, it is ultimately about the lasting significance of the Council of Nicaea for the faith in Christ.

O presente estudo analisa o texto de Mc 11,12-25 como um ato profético-simbólico que transcende o milagre, integrando denúncia (11,12-14.20-25), anúncio (11,15-19) e ensino performativo (11,22-25). A maldição da figueira e a purificação do Templo articulam-se como juízo divino contra um sistema religioso infrutífero e revelam a cristologia paradoxal do Evangelho segundo Marcos: Jesus, como profeta escatológico e Filho de Deus (1,11; 9,7), redefine o culto autêntico. A intercalação literária destaca a conexão entre a figueira estéril (sem frutos fora de época) e o Templo corrupto (“covil de ladrões”), ambos condenados à inutilidade. Metodologicamente, empregam-se os métodos próprios da ciência exegética, tal como indicada pela Pontifícia Comissão Bíblica, numa análise morfossintática, exegética e teológica, para demonstrar que o episódio anuncia o fim do Templo como eixo salvífico, substituído por uma comunidade alicerçada numa fé autêntica, na oração e no perdão (11,22-25). Conclui-se que o gesto de Jesus, enraizado na tradição profética (Jr 7,11; Os 9,10), expõe a crise do judaísmo institucional e proclama uma nova economia da fé pós-pascal.

L’articolo sviluppa alcune riflessioni circa la conoscenza «teologica» di Dio, le sue condizioni di possibilità, la sua natura, i suoi strumenti e i suoi limiti. La conoscenza teologica di Dio è quella che scaturisce dalla sua libera autocomunicazione, ed è dunque distinta, senza esserne separata, dalla conoscenza «naturale». In primo luogo l’articolo presenta il concetto teologico di Mistero poi riflette i limiti e i modelli del linguaggio teologico su Dio; alla fine approfondisce l’idea dell’analogia, come regola cristiana del linguaggio su Dio. La conoscienza cristiana di Dio non è soltanto conoscenza dell’Essere assoluto, ma anche e propriamente dell’Essere personale e interpersonale in dialogo con noi. La conoscenza personale ha certo un momento concettuale, in quanto si tratta di conoscenza propriamente umana, ma anche e soprattutto una profondità a‑concettuale, in quanto si basa sulla simpatia o più profondamente sulla «connaturalità» (connaturalitas, per usare il termine di San Tommaso), che indica un momento di libera scelta (tendenzialmente reciproca), e sulla presenza del «Tu» come realtà della nostra vita. Ogni linguaggio teologico suppone un’esperienza religiosa come incontro personale col Dio della fede, incomprensibile e ineffabile.

Purpose: The use of Lipiodol as a diagnostic agent and off-label therapeutic agent has been investigated in well over 395 publications listed in Pubmed under the key words: lymphangiography and chylothorax in the time period between 1921-2021. While Lipiodol® ultra-fluid has been approved for use as a diagnostic agent in most countries, it can only be used off-label as a therapeutic agent for chylothorax, cholascos, and lymphatic leaks and fistulas. The therapeutic effects in chylothorax and the question why Lipiodol® ultra-fluid is still not approved for on-label use in the treatment of chylothorax are reviewed. Background: Lipiodol was synthesized as iodized poppy seed oil by the French pharmacist Marcel Guerbet and first described by him in 1901. Over the past 12 decades, it has proven to be a reliable and versatile clinical theranostic agent. Lipiodol® ultra-fluid has been used (a) as a diagnostic contrast agent alone in the clarification and (b) so far only in off-label use as a therapeutic agent for chylothorax or cholascos, e.g. in cases of postoperative lymph leakages. Lipiodol® ultra-fluid has, to our knowledge, only very limited approvals as a therapeutic agent, in Switzerland only for transarterial chemo-embolization (TACE) for liver cancer. For decades and in numerous countries, Lipiodol® ultra-fluid has been in use as first-line treatment of chylothorax, cholascos, lymphatic leakage or lymphatic fistulae, avoiding additional interventions or surgery. This review aims to assess in which countries Lipiodol® ultra-fluid is approved (a) as a primary diagnostic tool and (b) as a first line therapeutic agent. This review wants to reassess why the general therapeutic approval still lacks, and what could be done to achieve it.