Federative Institute of Behavioral Addictions

This article aims at establishing new benchmark scenarios for Galactic cosmic-ray propagation in the GV-TV rigidity range, based on fits to the AMS-02 boron to carbon ratio (B/C) data with the usine v3.5 propagation code. We employ a new fitting procedure, cautiously taking into account data systematic error correlations in different rigidity bins and considering Solar modulation potential and leading nuclear cross section as nuisance parameters. We delineate specific low, intermediate, and high-rigidity ranges that can be related to both features in the data and peculiar microphysics mechanisms resulting in spectral breaks. We single out a scenario which yields excellent fits to the data and includes all the presumably relevant complexity, the BIG model. This model has two limiting regimes: (i) the SLIM model, a minimal diffusion-only setup, and (ii) the QUAINT model, a convection-reacceleration model where transport is tuned by nonrelativistic effects. All models lead to robust predictions in the high-energy regime ($\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GV}$), i.e., independent of the propagation scenario: at $1\ensuremath{\sigma}$, the diffusion slope $\ensuremath{\delta}$ is [0.43--0.53], whereas ${K}_{10}$, the diffusion coefficient at 10 GV, is $[0.26--0.36]\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{kpc}}^{2}\text{ }{\mathrm{Myr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$; we confirm the robustness of the high-energy break, with a typical value ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{h}\ensuremath{\sim}0.2$. We also find a hint for a similar (reversed) feature at low rigidity around the B/C peak ($\ensuremath{\sim}4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GV}$) which might be related to some effective damping scale in the magnetic turbulence.

ABSTRACT Sliding mode control synthesis is developed for a class of uncertain time‐delay systems with nonlinear disturbances and unknown delay values whose unperturbed dynamics is linear. The synthesis is based on a new delay‐dependent stability criterion. The controller constructed proves to be robust against sufficiently small delay variations and external disturbances. An admissible upperbound such that the corresponding closedloop system remains globally asymptotically stable for each delay value less than this up‐perbound is derived. Performance issues of the controller are illustrated in a simulation study.

BACKGROUND: In the last 10 years, dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) has become a well-known risk factor for developing an impulse control disorder, such as gambling disorder (GD). Another medication, aripiprazole (ARI), has been more recently identified as another risk factor. Dopamine replacement therapy and ARI share a dopamine agonist action. Our work aimed at comparing patients with PG according to their treatment with DRT or ARI. METHODS: Two methods were combined-a systematic review concentrated on case reports and the analysis of a French disordered gamblers cohort focused on patients using ARI or DRT at inclusion. RESULTS: We reported 48 cases of GD possibly due to DRT and 17 cases of GD possibly due to ARI. Because of their standardized assessment, only the EVALJEU patients could be compared. Two clinical patterns emerged. Patients in the ARI group were young, impulsive, and high novelty seekers and had a history of substance misuse. Their first gambling experience occurred during adolescence. Conversely, patients in the DRT group were old, and they began gambling late in life. They showed low levels of gambling-related cognition. CONCLUSIONS: Patients in the ARI group seemed to be more severe pathological gamblers than patients in the DRT group. Aripiprazole is a partial D2 receptor agonist, whereas DRT includes full D2 receptor agonist. The trigger mechanism of PG development is complex and cannot only be attributed only to the pharmacodynamic effects of dopaminergic drugs. Indeed, individual vulnerability factors and environmental factors need to be considered.

We recently proposed a method to constrain $s$-wave annihilating MeV dark matter from a combination of the Voyager 1 and the AMS-02 data on cosmic-ray electrons and positrons. Voyager 1 actually provides an unprecedented probe of dark matter annihilation to cosmic rays down to $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$ in an energy range where the signal is mostly immune to uncertainties in cosmic-ray propagation. In this article, we derive for the first time new constraints on $p$-wave annihilation down to the MeV mass range using cosmic-ray data. To proceed, we derive a self-consistent velocity distribution for the dark matter across the Milky Way by means of the Eddington inversion technique and its extension to anisotropic systems. As inputs, we consider state-of-the-art Galactic mass models including baryons and constrained on recent kinematic data. They allow for both a cored or a cuspy halo. We then calculate the flux of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons induced by $p$-wave annihilating dark matter and obtain very stringent limits in the MeV mass range, robustly excluding cross sections greater than $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}22}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}/\mathrm{s}$ (including theoretical uncertainties), about 5 orders of magnitude better than current CMB constraints. This limit assumes that dark matter annihilation is the sole source of cosmic rays and could therefore be made even more stringent when reliable models of astrophysical backgrounds are included.

We demonstrate the unprecedented capabilities of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to image the innermost dark matter profile in the vicinity of the supermassive black hole at the center of the M87 radio galaxy. We present the first model of the synchrotron emission induced by dark matter annihilations from a spiky profile in the close vicinity of a supermassive black hole, accounting for strong gravitational lensing effects. Our results show that the EHT should readily resolve dark matter spikes if present. Moreover, the photon ring surrounding the silhouette of the black hole is clearly visible in the spike emission, which introduces observable small-scale structure into the signal. We find that the dark matter-induced emission provides an adequate fit to the existing EHT data, implying that in addition to the jet, a dark matter spike may account for a sizable portion of the millimeter emission from the innermost (subparsec) region of M87. Regardless, our results show that the EHT can probe very weakly annihilating dark matter. Current EHT observations already constrain very small cross sections, typically down to a few ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}31}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for a 10 GeV candidate, close to characteristic values for p-wave-suppressed annihilation. Future EHT observations will further improve constraints on the DM scenario.

BACKGROUND: The link between isotretinoin, treatment of a severe form of acne, and psychiatric disorders remains controversial, as acne itself could explain the occurrence of psychiatric disorders. This study aims at assessing the disproportionality of psychiatric adverse events reported with isotretinoin in the French National PharmacoVigilance Database, compared with other systemic acne treatments and systemic retinoids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were extracted from the French National PharmacoVigilance Database for systemic acne treatments, systemic retinoids and drugs used as comparators. Each report was subjected to double-blind analysis by two psychiatric experts. A disproportionality analysis was performed, calculating the number of psychiatric ADRs divided by the total number of notifications for each drug of interest. RESULTS: Concerning acne systemic treatments: all 71 reports of severe psychiatric disorders involved isotretinoin, the highest proportion of mild/moderate psychiatric adverse events was reported with isotretinoin (14.1%). Among systemic retinoids, the highest proportion of severe and mild/moderate psychiatric events occurred with isotretinoin and alitretinoin. CONCLUSION: Our study raises the hypothesis that psychiatric disorders associated with isotretinoin are related to a class effect of retinoids, as a signal emerges for alitretinoin. Complementary studies are necessary to estimate the risk and further determine at-risk populations.

Photoinduced alterations of light-sensitive artifacts represent one of the main problems that conservators and curators have to face for environmental control in museums and galleries. Therefore, increasing attention has been recently devoted to developing strategies of indoor light monitoring, especially aimed at minimizing the cumulated light exposure for the objects on exhibit. In this work a prototype of a light dosimeter, constituted by a photosensitive dyes/polymer mixture applied on a paper substrate, is presented. This indicator, specially designed for a preventive assessment of the risk of damage for highly light-sensitive objects, undergoes a progressive color variation as its exposure to the light increases. Different, easily distinguishable color steps are exhibited depending on the light dose received, so that the dosimeter can be used straightforwardly to have a first, instrumentation-free estimation of the total light exposure. A reflectance spectroscopy study in the 350-860 nm range was carried out on prototype dosimeters exposed to light emitted from a tungsten-halogen lamp to investigate the response of the dosimeter to the light and to study the fading mechanism. Two different approaches were evaluated for the calibration of the prototype: colorimetry and principal component analysis of the reflectance spectra. The usefulness of the two methods in providing a quantitative indication of the light dose received was evaluated.

Present data prefer a large but non-maximal 2−3 mixing in the lepton sector. We argue that this value, in connection with sin θ13 ' 0.15, is the generic outcome of minimal flavour structures. We present a few different incarnations of this statement, in terms of lepton mass matrices depending on a small number of parameters, that can be justified by discrete flavour symmetries. We also propose a general procedure to study the correlation between θ23, the absolute scale and ordering of the neutrino masses, and the leptonic CP-violating phases. 1

Cold dark matter subhalos are expected to populate galaxies in numbers. If dark matter self-annihilates, these objects turn into prime targets for indirect searches, in particular with gamma-ray telescopes. Incidentally, the Fermi-LAT catalog already contains many unidentified sources that might be associated with subhalos. In this paper, we determine the probability for subhalos to be identified as gamma-ray pointlike sources from their predicted distribution properties. We use a semi-analytical model for the Galactic subhalo population, which, in contrast to cosmological simulations, can be made fully consistent with current kinematic constraints in the Milky Way and has no resolution limit. The model incorporates tidal stripping effects from a realistic distribution of baryons in the Milky Way. The same baryonic distribution contributes a diffuse gamma-ray foreground which adds up to that, often neglected in subhalo searches, generated by the smooth dark matter and the unresolved subhalos. This configuration implies a correlation between pointlike subhalo signals and diffuse background. Based on this semi-analytical modeling, we generate mock gamma-ray data assuming an idealized telescope resembling Fermi-LAT and perform a likelihood analysis to estimate the current and future sensitivity to subhalos in the relevant parameter space. We find a number of detectable subhalos of order $\mathcal{O}(<1)$ for optimistic model parameters and a WIMP mass of 100 GeV, maximized for a cored host halo. This barely provides support to the current interpretation of several Fermi unidentified sources as subhalos. We also find it more likely to detect the smooth Galactic halo itself before subhalos, should dark matter in the GeV-TeV mass range self-annihilate through $s$-wave processes.

Les problématiques en lien avec l’usage des jeux vidéo soulèvent des débats centrés sur le sens social, psychologique ou médical à donner à ces nouvelles addictions. Cependant, la réalité de situations parfois très sévères de retrait, d’impasses développementales ou de comorbidités nécessite de réfléchir aux soins étoffés à mettre en place. En nous appuyant sur notre expérience, nous avons mis en place des prises en charge diversifiées de groupes en parallèle d’accueils individuels de consultations. À nos yeux ces propositions de soins sont tout à fait pertinentes dans ces situations où les problématiques de lien à l’autre sont malmenées. La dimension familiale étant souvent au centre de ces nouvelles addictions, il est intéressant que des démarches de soins spécifiques pour les parents soient réfléchies. C’est en s’appuyant sur ces soins diversifiés sur la longueur que les impasses pourront être levées.

Le développement des nouvelles technologies et l’accès facilité à Internet pour une forte proportion de la population ont profondément modifié le marché international des jeux de hasard d’argent (JHA), ce qui a conduit à une augmentation des pratiques de jeu. Afin de protéger les joueurs les plus vulnérables, de plus en plus d’opérateurs de jeu en ligne mettent en place des outils de réduction des risques comme l’autolimitation ou l’auto-exclusion temporaire. Ces modérateurs ont pour but de prévenir le développement et le maintien de conduites de jeu problématiques sur Internet. L’objectif de notre étude était donc de réaliser une revue systématique de la littérature scientifique afin d’évaluer l’efficacité des outils de réduction des risques proposés par certains opérateurs de jeux sur Internet au niveau international. Neuf publications scientifiques correspondant à nos critères de sélection ont été retenues. Seuls trois types d’outils de jeu responsable sur Internet ont été identifiés dans les études sélectionnées. Les résultats obtenus permettent de faire un état des lieux des modérateurs dont l’efficacité est validée scientifiquement et de faire des recommandations à propos des politiques de réduction des risques menées auprès des joueurs sur Internet.

Si les points communs sont nombreux entre le poker et les autres jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA), les professionnels du soin et de la recherche spécialisés dans le jeu pathologique sont de plus en plus nombreux à insister sur la nécessité de prendre en compte les spécificités de ce jeu, afin de mettre en place des actions de prévention et de soins plus adaptées et donc plus efficaces. Nous avons mis en place la cohorte multicentrique JEU qui a pour objectif principal d’explorer les déterminants des transitions de la pratique de jeu (émergence des problèmes de jeu, recours à des soins, rechute, etc.). Un objectif secondaire de cette cohorte était de décrire et de comparer les différents types de jeu de prédilection. Les résultats présentés ici concernent une régression logistique multivariée permettant de comparer les joueurs de poker ( n = 78) aux autres joueurs de la cohorte ( n = 537), dans deux sous-populations distinctes : les joueurs non problématiques et les joueurs problématiques. Les joueurs (problématiques ou non problématiques) de poker se distinguent des autres joueurs par un score d’illusion comportementale sur le jeu (GABS-attitude) plus élevé, une initiation au jeu plus précoce et une pratique du jeu moins ancienne. De plus, les joueurs non problématiques de poker se distinguent des autres joueurs non problématiques par une mise maximale en un jour plus élevée, un score de coopération (TCI) plus élevé et moins de troubles anxieux. Par ailleurs, les joueurs problématiques de poker se distinguent des autres joueurs problématiques par le fait de jouer plus sur Internet et un score de transcendance (TCI) moins élevé. Ces résultats seront discutés en termes d’implications pour la prévention, la recherche et les soins dans cette population particulière de joueurs.

La prise en charge des troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA) et notamment de l'anorexie mentale dans des formes sévères nécessitant une renutrition entérale est un temps de soin délicat.Fort d'une expérience de collaboration de plus de 40 ans entre les services d'addictologie et d'endocrinologie-nutrition, nous avons souhaité décrire nos pratiques aux différents temps de soin en insistant sur la synergie et l'intérêt pour la patiente et son entourage de cette articulation de liaison.

Flexible SiO 2 /HfO 2 1D photonic crystals and active SiO 2 –HfO 2 :Er 3+ all-glass flexible planar waveguides fabricated by radio frequency sputtering, are presented. The 1D photonic crystals show a strong dependence of the optical features on the light incident angle: i) blue-shift of the stopband and ii) narrowing of the reflectance window. Nevertheless, the most interesting result is the experimental evidence that, even after the 1D photonic crystals breakage, where the flexible glass shows naked-eye visible cracks, the multilayer structures generally maintain their integrity, resulting to be promising systems for flexible photonic applications thanks to their optical, thermal and mechanical stability. The flexible planar waveguides, fabricated on ultrathin flexible glass substrate, showed an attenuation coefficient lower than 0.2 dB/cm at 1.54 μm, and exibits emission in the NIR region, resulting particularly suitable as waveguide amplifier in the C band of telecommunications.

Based on the Many Worlds Interpretation, I describe reality as a multilayer spacetime, where parallel layers play the role of alternative timelines.I link physics to ethics, arguing that one's moral choices shape one's course in the multiverse.I consider one's ethical decisions as decoherence events, leading to movement between alternative timelines, lighter (higher) or heavier (lower) realities.Sometimes in one's curvilinear path in spacetime, one can even experience falling toward lower layers, slipping through wormholes.This theory supports free will and the simulation hypothesis.With this background, I explore the idea that a new theory of gravity might open new possibilities to shape matter and change our worldview through the invention of new technology, transforming information into waves and then into solid matter, paving the way for a new Multiverse Aeon for humanity.