Fundació Bosch i Gimpera

Near-miss events are situations in which an action yields a negative result but is very close to being successful. They are known to influence behavior, especially in gambling scenarios. Previous neuroimaging studies have described an 'anomalous' activity of brain reward areas following these events. The goal of the present research was to study electrophysiological correlates of near-misses in the expectation and outcome phases. Electroencephalography was recorded while participants were playing a simplified version of a slot machine. Four possible outcomes (gain, near-miss, loss and no-information) were presented in a pseudorandom order to ensure fixed proportions. Results from the time-frequency analysis for the theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (9-13 Hz), low beta (15-22 Hz) and beta-gamma (25-35 Hz) frequency-bands presented larger power increases for wins and near-misses compared with losses. In the anticipation phase, power changes were lower than in the resolution phase. The current results are in agreement with previous studies showing that near-miss events recruit brain areas of the reward network. Likewise, the oscillatory activity in near-misses is very similar to the one elicited in the gain condition. In addition, present findings suggest that oscillatory activity in the expectation phase does not play a crucial role in near-miss events.

WiththeacutefirstwaveoftheCOVID-19pandemicover,1thelongwaitinglistforsleeptestsforOSAmanagementhasbeenfurtherincreased.2,3ThenewpreventivehealthmeasuresagainstCovid-19implythatpatientsgotothehealthcentersaslittleaspossible,whichiswhyitisnecessarytoimplementandstartupatelematicworkflowwithhomestudiestoguaranteesleeptests,4especiallyCPAPtitration.5-8WeaimedtotestanewtelematicworkflowtodeliverCPAPtherapytoOSApatientsandtoevaluateitintermsofCPAPcompliance,costs,residualevents,symptomsandsatisfactionofpatients.Theusualtitrationstrategyhasthefollo-wingsteps.Thepatientisscheduledtothedaytime-hospitalforinformation,andeducationalandpracticaltrainingsessionwiththedevice(45min).Then,ourCPAPequipmentisdeliveredtohim/herforhometitration(tobereturnedthenextday),thedataisdownloaded,andafixedpressureisprescribed.Iftheregistra-tionisincorrect,thetitrationisrepeatedanotherday.Finally,thepatientisscheduledbytheservicecompanyprovidingCPAPequip-mentthatinformsagainhowtheequipmentworks,selectsafinalmaskfortreatment,andgiveashortpracticalsessionoftheCPAPuse.

In this study we investigate the effects of parent of origin on complex traits in the laboratory rat, with a focus on coping style behavior in stressful situations. We develop theory, based on earlier work, to partition heritability into a component due to a combination of parent of origin, maternal, paternal and shared environment, and another component that estimates classical additive genetic variance. We use this theory to investigate the effects on heritability of the parental origin of alleles in 798 outbred heterogeneous stock rats across 199 complex traits. Parent-of-origin-like heritability was on average 2.7fold larger than classical additive heritability. Among the phenotypes with the most enhanced parent-of-origin heritability were 10 coping style behaviors, with average 3.2 fold heritability enrichment. To confirm these findings on coping behavior, and to eliminate the possibility that the parent of origin effects are due to confounding with shared environment, we performed a reciprocal F1 cross between the behaviorally divergent RHA and RLA rat strains. We observed parent-of-origin effects on F1 rat anxiety/coping-related behavior in the Elevated Zero Maze test. Our study is the first to assess genetic parent-of-origin effects in rats, and confirm earlier findings in mice that such effects influence coping and impulsive behavior, and suggest these effects might be significant in other mammals, including humans.

A31 Aims: The rate in transplantation worldwide varies greatly from one country to another. Although the basic principles in organ procurement throughout the world are not different, there are some relative factors that may directly affect on the results of transplantation activities. In 2000, Transplant Procurement Management (TPM) took the initiative to create an International Registry of Organ Donation and Transplantation (IRODAT) to compile relevant information for further studies. Its main goal is to collect the accumulative annual transplant data from all over the world to provide a helpful database to be consulted by the transplantation community and the public in general. Methods: In 2000, TPM created a worldwide net of professionals involved in Transplant Coordination. Once the country key persons were involved, a specific questionnaire designed to collect the representative values of transplantation activity was sent by post mail to all of them. Initially, data collection was made in written form. In order to guarantee the faithfulness of the data and to avoid misprints, 2004 IRODAT edition has invited key members to introduce the values from their country at TPM web site by providing them a user name and password. Access is, therefore, restricted to authorized users. The current database includes the following information: data responsible name, organization, country population, donors rate: cadaveric, NHBD and living donors, total transplants: single (cadaveric and living) and double kidney, cadaveric and living liver, heart, heart + lung, lung, pancreas, kidney+pancreas and other combinations. All data reported is presented in absolute values and in rates of parts per million population. Results: Although we started the first call in 2002, previous annual rates have been reported obtaining, in some cases, information since 1993. IRODAT 2002 edition obtained data from 46 countries. The 2003 IRODAT edition (corresponding to 2002 values), showed data from 53 countries: 29 Europe, 12 America, 10 Asia, 1 Africa and 1 Oceania. The 2004 edition has compiled by now 56 countries. Conclusions: IRODAT provides useful data for epidemiological and demographic studies covering a consistent up-to-date global situation on organ donation, transplant donors sources, types, and technical performances. Moreover, thanks to its free and easy accessibility at http://www.tpm.org, IRODAT helps to increase public awareness about transplantation.

Hay una serie de ciencias que se hacen imprescindibles para poder investigar e interpretar los resultados científicos, son la ciencias que llamamos instrumentales o auxiliares. Entre ellas se encuentran la Demografía, la Epidemiología y la Bioestadística. Además, hay que tomar en consideración las técnicas de investigación cualitativa, el conjunto de estrategias e instrumentos de búsqueda de información bibliográfica y, también las metodologías de presentación de resultados. Finalmente, no puede olvidarse la ética, en sus dos componentes de bioética y de ética del trabajo científico, si queremos desarrollar un trabajo siguiendo el método científico. Este capítulo explica cuál es la función de estas disciplinas en el seno de la investigación científica y del desarrollo de proyectos.

Hay una serie de ciencias que se hacen imprescindibles para poder investigar e interpretar los resultados científicos, son la ciencias que llamamos instrumentales o auxiliares. Entre ellas se encuentran la Demografía, la Epidemiología y la Bioestadística. Además, hay que tomar en consideración las técnicas de investigación cualitativa, el conjunto de estrategias e instrumentos de búsqueda de información bibliográfica y, también las metodologías de presentación de resultados. Finalmente, no puede olvidarse la ética, en sus dos componentes de bioética y de ética del trabajo científico, si queremos desarrollar un trabajo siguiendo el método científico. Este capítulo explica cuál es la función de estas disciplinas en el seno de la investigación científica y del desarrollo de proyectos.

<h3>Introduction</h3> Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that induces striatal and cortical neuronal dysfunction and loss which main symptom is motor impairment. Goals to study whether this motor impairment is accompanied by changes in brain activity and functional connectivity. <h3>Methods</h3> Fifteen early stage HD patients with a UHDRS motor score &gt; 5 (9 men, mean age = 48 ± 8.9, mean TFC = 11.7 ± 1.17) and 15 controls (9 men, mean age = 46.6 ± 8.1) matched in age, gender and educational background underwent 3T structural and functional MRI scanning while they performed a sequential tapping task with their right or left hand in alternated blocks. <h3>Results</h3> Compared to rest blocks, active tapping activated the contralateral primary motor, premotor and supplementary motor areas, thalamus and cerebellum in both patients and controls. However, in the right hand condition, patients deactivated the right putamen to a greater extent than controls, which suggests that patients need a greater inhibition of the ipsilateral putamen in order to suppress the movement of the opposite hand. Furthermore, HD patients showed less activation in the right putamen during the left hand condition compared to controls. These effects could be ascribed to the general imbalance in the Go and No-Go cortico-striatal pathways that is believed to occur in HD. The left precentral gyrus, was selected as a seed region for a whole brain functional connectivity analysis. Compared with controls, right precentral gyrus, right SMA and right putamen were more connected (negatively) to the left precentral gyrus in patients. This indicates that not only the right putamen, but all the right motor circuit undergoes a greater deactivation in HD patients when they move their left hand. In addition, the negative functional connectivity between the left precentral gyrus and the right putamen showed a positive correlation with the motor-UHDRS score and the TFC score. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results indicate that HD patients need to inhibit the contralateral motor circuit of the moving hand to compensate for the hyperactivation of the dopaminergic system that underlies their motor symptoms. This effect is specific to the right hemisphere, showing an asymmetry of the motor circuit dysfunction.

<h3></h3> Patients with Huntington Disease (HD) show poor self-awareness of a variety of symptoms. Previous research in HD has primarily examined awareness of motor symptoms, whereas less attention has been given to unawareness of cognitive function and behavioural disorders. This study aim to assess self-awareness of executive deficits in HD and to explore the association between impaired awareness, cognition (executive function and memory) and evolution of the disease. Self-awareness was tested in 17 patients with HD (8 male, age=50.5 ± 9.8 years) at early stage of the disease (mean TFC 11.7) by comparing patient and family ratings using the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) with five-factor factorial structure (Inhibition, Intentionality, executive memory, negative and positive affect). Executive and memory functions were assessed by different standardised neuropsychological tests included in cognitive protocol Registry 3. Finally, we extracted the volume of the different striatal substructures (left and right caudate, putamen and nucleus accumbens) as a neuroanatomical signature of disease progression in HD. Statistical analysis revealed a significant discrepancy between the DEX-Family and DEX-Patient specifically in the second factor of DEX (intentionality). This factor contains items about disinhibition, aggression, euphoria, lack of insight and social conscience. We also found that poor insight in this area measured by DEX is significantly and specifically related with the atrophy of the left caudate. None of the cognitive tests that were administrated showed significant correlation with unawareness. Our results are consistent with previous literature, indicating that patients with HD generally overestimate their abilities. This study shows that the awareness of dysexecutive function in HD is not a general and uniform process, but is specific to certain symptoms (predominantly behaviours related with intentionality and disinhibition) and suggests the involvement of specific neuroanatomical substrates for unawareness in HD.

Abstract We develop theory, based on earlier work, to partition heritability into a component due to a combination of parent of origin, maternal, paternal and shared environment, and another component that estimates classical additive genetic variance. We then investigate the effects on heritability of the parental origin of alleles in outbred heterogeneous stock rats across 199 complex traits. Parent-of-origin-like heritability was on average 2.7-fold larger than classical additive heritability. Among the phenotypes with the most enhanced parent-of-origin heritability were 10 coping style behaviors, with average 3.2-fold heritability enrichment. To confirm these findings on coping behaviour, and to eliminate the possibility that the parent of origin effects are due to confounding with shared environment, we performed a reciprocal F1 cross between the behaviourally divergent RHA and RLA rat strains. We observed parent-of-origin effects on F1 rat anxiety/coping-related behavior in the Elevated Zero Maze test. Our results are the first to assess genetic parent-of-origin effects in rats, and confirm earlier findings in mice that such effects influence mammalian coping and impulsive behavior.

The dataset includes sound level meter readings (folders containing acoustic data in CSV format) and audio files in WAV format of matraques, registered on site at the churches Santa Maria de Ripoll and Santa Maria de Cervera, Catalonia, Spain. We used a Cesva SC202 sound level meter (https://www.cesva.com/es/productos/sonometros/sc202/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw3vO3BhCqARIsAEWblcB9vq9lnKbF8Fa8OF1C4ZaXOsBXxToVBDxMb1JbUXREgGY9DjVQH-QaAtUXEALw_wcB) and a Zoom H4n recorder. Moreover, the dataset includes post-processed recordings of matraques play. The data were collected as part of the MSCA postdoctoral project "Aural Culture: Decoding the Sacred Soundscapes of Medieval Europe" (acronym: CULT-AURAL, Grant Agreement ID: 101064323). Zorana Dordevic conducted fieldwork in July 2025; Lidia Alvarez-Morales post-processed the acoustic data.

This study aims to describe the long-term changes in the knowledge of, and attitudes towards, COVID-19 and its preventive measures in northern Spain. A telephonic survey was performed among household contacts of COVID-19 cases in Catalonia and Navarre between May 2022 and December 2023. Knowledge and attitudes were assessed through 12 questions using a Likert scale, and responses were grouped as correct or incorrect. The change from baseline to the 6-month follow-up was evaluated with the absolute difference (AD) using the proportion of correct answers. At baseline, 299 subjects were contacted, of whom 63.2% (189) completed the 6-month follow-up. Correct knowledge of transmission (&gt;85%) and the use of preventive measures (&gt;92%) were observed at baseline and maintained over time. The attitudes towards face mask use remained adequate over the course of six months (&gt;79%). However, attitudes regarding the use of face masks indoors (AD = −16.4%; p &lt; 0.001) and those who thought that COVID-19 had a negative impact on their lives (AD = −16.5%; p &lt; 0.001) decreased after 6 months. In the post-acute phase of the pandemic, household contacts maintained the correct level of knowledge towards COVID-19, while some attitudes decreased. These results should serve as a guide for health policy makers in decision-making in case of a new increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2.

The dataset includes sound level meter readings (folders containing acoustic data in CSV format) and audio files in WAV format of matraques, registered on site at the churches Santa Maria de Ripoll and Santa Maria de Cervera, Catalonia, Spain. We used a Cesva SC202 sound level meter (https://www.cesva.com/es/productos/sonometros/sc202/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw3vO3BhCqARIsAEWblcB9vq9lnKbF8Fa8OF1C4ZaXOsBXxToVBDxMb1JbUXREgGY9DjVQH-QaAtUXEALw_wcB) and a Zoom H4n recorder. Moreover, the dataset includes post-processed recordings of matraques play. The data were collected as part of the MSCA postdoctoral project "Aural Culture: Decoding the Sacred Soundscapes of Medieval Europe" (acronym: CULT-AURAL, Grant Agreement ID: 101064323). Zorana Dordevic conducted fieldwork in July 2025; Lidia Alvarez-Morales post-processed the acoustic data.