Gansu Education Department

UNLABELLED: Context The root of Potentilla anserina L. (Rosaceae) is an herbal medicine that has been used as an antitussive and expectorant drug for thousands of years in Chinese folk medicine. OBJECTIVE: This study estimated the antitussive and expectorant effects of P. anserina extract to validate its traditional use. Materials and methods The antitussive and expectorant activities of the ethanol extract, aqueous extract, and polysaccharides from P. anserina were evaluated using classical animal models. Results The results showed that in three antitussive tests, the aqueous extract and polysaccharides at high and low doses significantly inhibited the frequency of cough induced by ammonia and sulfur dioxide in mice and by citric acid in guinea pigs, and increased the latent period of cough in guinea pigs. Similarly, the aqueous extract and polysaccharides also showed significant expectorant activity compared with the control in phenol red secretion experiments. Polysaccharides at dose of 600 mg/kg enhanced tracheal phenol red output by 121.1%, the ammonium chloride (positive control) at dose of 1000 mg/kg by 117.4%. However, the ethanol extract at a high dose (600 mg/kg) has antitussive activity only in the sulfur dioxide induced coughing test. Moreover, the polysaccharides at the same dose showed better bioactivity than the aqueous extract in all tests. Discussion and conclusion The results of the present study provide evidence that P. anserina can be used as an antitussive and expectorant herbal medicine and that polysaccharides may be the main active ingredients of P. anserina responsible for its bioactivities.

Density functional theory calculations were carried out to investigate the charge transfer of four tetrathiafulvalene derivatives. Perfluorination of dibenzo-tetrathiafulvalene (DB-TTF) increased the reorganization energy and was considered disadvantageous for the charge-transport process. Fluorination lowered the frontier orbitals of the compound, favoring electron—rather than hole-transport due to the low injection barrier. While intra-ring substitution of carbons of benzene with N atoms did not increase the reorganization energy, it enforced thermodynamic stability and decreased the charge injection barrier due to lowering the frontier orbital. Calculation results also showed that introduction of NH2 to DB-TTF can change the crystal structure and charge mobility, thus providing a method with which to promote ɛ-stacked structures. Calculation of charge transfer integrals using site energy correction methods was found to be more suitable for perfluorinated DB-TTF because it exhibits remarkable polarization effects.

The weak intermolecular interactions between 2-F-tetrahydrofuran and imidazole, pyrimidine, adenine, and guanine were studied theoretically using density functional B3LYP/6-311++G** and HF/6-311++G** methods. The results showed that both conventional N...H hydrogen bond and C-F...H-C pseudohydrogen bond (PHB) structures coexist in the four complexes. The weak intermolecular interaction energies indicate that the relative stabilities of the four complexes are in the order guanine...F > imidazole ...F > adenine...F > pyrimidine...F. The characteristics of the four PHBs were determined using geometry optimizations, stretching vibrational frequencies, and natural bond orbital and electron density topological properties calculations. The most important result is that the F group of 2-F-tetrahydrofuran can activate the C-H to accept electrons from another molecule, and C-F...H-C PHB formation is relatively favorable.

Iodine-involved single-electron halogen bonds (SEXBs) weak interactions in the systems of CH3…I-Y(Y = BH2, H, CH3, CH=CH2, C≡CH, CN, NC) were investigated for the first time using B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ computational levels (the relativistic effective core potential basis set of Lanl2dz was used on iodine atom). The interaction energies between two moieties with basis set super-position error corrections for the seven complexes are −0.57, −1.36, −3.80, −2.17, −4.49, −6.33 and −8.64 kJ mol−1 (MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ), respectively, which shows that SEXBs interactions are all weak. Natural bond orbital theory analysis revealed that charges flow from CH3 to the I-Y moiety. The total amount of natural bond orbital charge transfer (Δ NC) from the CH3 radical to I-Y increases in the order CH3…IBH2 < CH3…IH ≈ CH3…ICH3 ≈ CH3…IC2H3 < CH3…ICCH < CH3…ICN < CH3…INC. Atoms-in-molecules theory was used to investigate the topological properties of the bond critical points in the seven SEXB structures.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater fish, has become a favoured animal model to assess the teratogenicity effects of various compounds. Momordica charantia is a fruit traditionally used as a functional food to treat various ailments. In the present work, 80% ethanolic extract of M. charantia fruit was investigated for its teratogenicity effects on the zebrafish embryos. The embryos of 12 h post-fertilisation were immersed in the ethanolic extract at various concentrations of 250, 500, 750, 1,000, and 1,250 mg/L prepared in 2% DMSO. Microscopic observation was carried out every 24 h. Results showed an increased mortality rate, and a delayed hatching rate with increasing concentration. Some of the deformities observed included hyperactivity, crooked backbone, reduced pigmentation, awkward positioning, and coagulation at the highest concentration. Probit analysis resulted in 725.90 mg/L as the median lethal concentration (LC50). Chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of propanedioic acid, malic acid, contrunculin-A, glutamine, D-fructose, sorbopyranose, xylitol, galactonic acid, D-mannitol, and mannose. These compounds may contribute to the deformities observed in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, M. charantia fruit must be consumed with caution and within the recommended amount.

Inverse halogen bonds interactions involving Br in the electronic deficiency systems of CH3⊕ ··· Br—Y (Y=H, CCH, CN, NC) have been investigated by B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) and MP2/6-311++G(d, p) methods. The calculated interaction energies with basis set super-position error correction of the four IXBs complexes are 218.87, 219.48, 159.18, and 143.05 kJ/mol (MP2/6-311++G(d, p)), respectively. The relative stabilities of the four complexes increased in the order: CH3⊕ ··· BrCN&amp;lt;CH3⊕ ··· BrNC&amp;lt;CH3⊕ ··· BrH≈CH3⊕ ··· BrCCH. Natural bond orbital theory analysis and the chemical shifts calculation of the related atoms revealed that the charges flow from Br—Y to CH3⊕. Here, the Br of Br—Y acts as both a halogen bond donor and an electron donor. Therefore, compared with conventional halogen bonds, the IXBs complexes formed between Br—Y and CH3⊕. Atoms-in-molecules theory has been used to investigate the topological properties of the critical points of the four IXBs structures which have more covalent content.

Based on the GIS technical,the temperature spatial model was established by using observation data in weather stations of Gansu Province,and the spatial data of temperature were achieved when we took the high resolution DEM as the model input parameters,which was compared with the interpolating results from the traditional temperature interpolation method(inverse distance weighting method IDW),Kriging and Co-Kriging.The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the temperature data grid result by using the multiple regression analysis and Kringing method was better than that by using the traditional method,and the interpolation precision was higher also,the interpolation results represented the original measurement results well.

In Economics Manuscript from 1857 to 1858 ,through analyzing the character of exchange value,Marx found that it contained the alienation of social relations.Human′s social relations which appeared to be the equality of people contained the contradiction between wage and capital.With the dual character of labor,Marx threw new light on the materialization of social relations and made a thorough inquiry on the cause.Thus Marx regarded the alienation as a kind of objective self reversality in social relations.Besides,from the viewpoint of human,Marx expounded the significance of materialization of social relations in the historical forms of intercourse and demonstrated its historical rationality.

Iodine-involved single-electron halogen bonds (SEXBs) weak interactions in the systems of CH3···I—Y(Y = BH2, H, CH3, CH==CH2, C≡CH, CN, NC) were investigated for the first time using B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ computational levels (the relativistic effective core potential basis set of Lanl2dz was used on iodine atom). The interaction energies between two moieties with basis set super-position error corrections for the seven complexes are -0.57, -1.36, -3.80, -2.17, -4.49,-6.33 and -8.64 kJ mol-1 (MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ ), respectively, which shows that SEXBs interactions are all weak. Natural bond orbital theory analysis revealed that charges flow from CH3 to the I—Y moiety. The total amount of natural bond orbital charge transfer (ΔNC) from the CH3 radical to I—Y increases in the order CH3…IBH2 CH3…IH ≈ CH3…ICH3 ≈ CH3···IC2H3 CH3…ICCH CH3…ICN CH3…INC. Atoms-in-molecules theory was used to investigate the topological properties of the bond critical points in the seven SEXB structures.

The fire remote-sensing method based on HJ was developed by analyzing the spectral characteristics of HJ and referring to the fire monitoring model of MODIS.The localized threshold of the corresponding channels of HJ was studied according to grassland fires occurred in Maqu on February 10,2011 and Minxian county on December 8,2012.The study extracted the range of fire and calculated the burned area through multi-temporal threshold method of the vegetation index.At the same time,the results were compared with the burned area observations of the Grassland Management Station of Gansu and MODIS over the same time.The results show that the threshold of the second point of fire was determined as T 4 310 K;the fire area from HJ satellite was 65.3 hm2in Maqu,19.8 hm2 in Minxian,and the measurement accuracy was 98% and 90%,respectively,which was improved by 10.5% and 28.9% compared with MODIS.The HJ satellite has much higher spatial resolution,much more refined results and good applicative value.

A new round of senior hige school curriculum reform of Gansu province faced many problems.We should summarize the experiences and lessons of compulsory education curriculum reform,firmly grasp the theme of teaching tranning,reform the system of evaluation,implement full funding,in order to obtain the desired effect of Gansu senior hige school curriculum reform.

The internal characteristics of adult higher education decide the face that distinctive subjects are usually taken as the key programs.The construction of distinctive subjects is a developing process of reform and innovation.It must have clear principles and demands,i.e.,it must well balance the relations among environment,other subjects,eval- uation,and guaranteeing systems.

Based on the author's ideology and practice in the book Entry into a Powerful Country in Education from a Numerous One by Wang Zhan, this paper sorts out several aspects of the connotation of constructing a powerful country in education: up-to-date educational beliefs and open- minded schooling ideology; promoting educational scientific, balanced and harmonious development; deepening reform of education system to promote development and harmonious construction; heightening educational inner construction and high-quality teachers.

Describes the organization and work of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Education Department.

The first 20 years of development in Jiangsu educational modernization includes such stages as initiation and growth, while since the advent of the new century it enters a new stage of construction of well-off society, in which it has proceeded from natural involvement to conscious propulsion. Retrospect and reflection will be helpful in adjusting timely development, grasping the key of harmonious development promoted by science, and resulting in the new and operationalized platform for the construction of modernization.

The silicon substrate was hydroxylated bypiranhasolution and then was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) monolayer,followed by the surface initiated graft radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) via amino groups of APTES monolayer chemical bonded with silicon substrate surface and adscititious Ce~(4+) as a redox initiating system to obtain the PNIPAm film.The microstructure of PNIPAm film was examined by water contact angle(CA),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),spectroscopic ellipsoeter,and atomic force microscopy(AFM),respectively.And the results showed that about 50 ran thickness of PNIPAm film successfully formed on the silicon substrate.

Starting from the concept of Intelligent Teaching, this paper briefly introduces the meaning of intelligent classroom, then gives the description about tools of Intelligent teaching. Taking Probability and Statistics as an example, this paper explores the mild Intelligent teaching with Mosotech as the tool of Intelligent teaching which can be used before, during and after class under the Intelligent teaching mode. Keywords: Intelligent teaching, Intelligent teaching tools, Probability and statistics DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-27-03 Publication date: September 30 th 2021

It is not possible for Gansu province to get rich without its vast countryside becoming wealthy. The backwardness in its economy directly impair the development of its education; and in turn, the shortage of trained personnel and low level of the makings in population seriously hamper the economic construction and social development in its impoverished areas, of which the root cause lies in education. In order to break this vicious circle, major efforts have to be devoted to transforming the old educational ideology, deepning a series of reforms in the pattern of training personnel, the content of courses, teaching methods, etc., optimizing the educational structure, promoting the compilation of teaching material reflecting local conditions and suited to local needs, augmenting dynamics on the part of governments in conducting a unified planning for education, giving an energetic impetus to carrying out a comprehensive reformation in education in the countryside, actively developing the vocational and technological education in rural areas, overcoming the tendencies of getting education divorced from practice and of exclusively seeking for the proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade, and running schools which are diversified in form and of different grades in line with local conditions, so as to have the rural schools take as their fundamental task training practical personnel and raising the level of the makings of workers in the countryside. Only in so doing can we reap the fullest benefits the rural education can provide, and shape up a virtuous circle in the rural education on the one hand, and the rural economy and society on the other, both of which will be developing and advancing in tune with each other.

Higher and wider vision is necessary for school education development, which is explored as follows: Transcending from school education to lifelong education; Shifting from lifelong education to lifelong learning; Creating organizational administration culture and establishing learning organization; Constructing learning society and promoting education-society co-development; Furthering the whole, complete and free development of humans as the ultimate goal of education development.

Rural education is the most important part of the national education. It's very difficult to achieve the goal of building a well-to-do society without the widespread practice of nine-year compulsory education in the rural areas or the comprehensive improvement of farmers' quality. Therefore, it's necessary to establish a perfect rural education system, tap various rural human resources, reinforce the construction of various systems, increase the input of funds, etc..