Gemalto (Poland)

Abstract Proline‐rich polypeptides (PRPs complex also known as COLOCO ® , Colostrinin ® ) consist of low‐molecular weight peptides ranging up to 10 kDa, isolated from the bovine colostrum obtained up to 48 h postpartum. PRPs have been shown to affect processes involved in inflammation, brain aging, and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Colostrinin ® (COLOCO ® ) on the cognitive abilities of healthy volunteers in three different age groups using the CANTAB tool in a double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled study. BDNF serum level was used as a physicochemical marker of improvement of the cognitive skills. Three hundred and sixty‐one healthy volunteers were divided into three study groups aged 18–24, 25–54, and 55–75; each group was then divided into two subgroups which took either placebo or tested lozenge with 120 μg of PRPs for the period of 4 months. The CANTAB battery test was used to measure the efficacy of PRP in the context of cognitive functioning. After the treatment with COLOCO ® , we observed differences within MoCA score in the oldest patients, improvement in DMS and drop in PAL scores within the youngest group, drop in RTI and improvement in RVP scores within the middle‐aged group. It was observed that serum BDNF level increased in all study groups which confirms cognitive improvement. In conclusion, we have shown that Colostrinin ® exhibits cognitive enhancing effects, probably through the modulation of BDNF concentrations.

Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are widely used in anesthesiology. However, their use in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) has yet to be fully standardized. Due to numerous conflicting reports or insufficient scientific evidence, there are significant controversies surrounding the use of these drugs, particularly in patients requiring ventilatory support for ARDS, those with increased intracranial pressure, or patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (especially after cardiac arrest resuscitation). ICU patients are typically critically ill, often in sepsis, with multiple comorbidities, multi-organ failure, homeostasis disturbances, and requiring multiple medications. These conditions can significantly affect the potency and action of skeletal muscle relaxants. In recent years, the importance of monitoring neuromuscular blockade has been emphasized. Clinical examination, although widely used, has limited applicability in ICU settings. Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) and train-of-four (TOF) monitoring are qualitative methods, whereas quantitative techniques, which provide objective measurements, are increasingly recommended for managing neuromuscular blockade. Most guidelines currently focus on perioperative monitoring, and there is a lack of detailed recommendations for using these methods in the ICU. This article discusses existing research on the use of skeletal muscle relaxants, neuromuscular blockade reversal agents, and monitoring methods for neuromuscular blockade in intensive care units.

Interactions between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system have become one of the most dynamic areas of biomedical research. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that gut microorganisms influence emotional regulation, cognition, and stress responsiveness through complex neural, immune, and metabolic pathways. This review provides an extensive overview of current knowledge regarding the microbiota–gut–brain axis, with particular emphasis on depression and anxiety disorders. Mechanistic insights, human clinical trials, and therapeutic perspectives including probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modulation, and fecal microbiota transplantation are discussed. Despite promising findings, important methodological limitations remain, and further research is required to translate microbiota-based interventions into routine psychiatric practice.