General Electric (Qatar)

We have used the well-accepted and easily available 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) tracer as a prosthetic group for synthesis of (18)F-labeled peptides. We herein report the synthesis of [(18)F]FDG-RGD ((18)F labeled linear RGD) and [(18)F]FDG-cyclo(RGD(D)YK) ((18)F labeled cyclic RGD) as examples of the use of [(18)F]FDG. We have successfully prepared [(18)F]FDG-RGD and [(18)F]FDG-cyclo(RGD(D)YK) in 27.5% and 41% radiochemical yields (decay corrected) respectively. The receptor binding affinity study of FDG-cyclo(RGD(D)YK) for integrin alpha(v)beta(3), using alpha(v)beta(3) positive U87MG cells confirmed a competitive displacement with (125)I-echistatin as a radioligand. The IC(50) value for FDG-cyclo(RGD(D)YK) was determined to be 0.67 +/- 0.19 muM. High-contrast small animal PET images with relatively moderate tumor uptake were observed for [(18)F]FDG-RGD and [(18)F]FDG-cyclo(RGD(D)YK) as PET probes in xenograft models expressing alpha(v)beta(3) integrin. In conclusion, we have successfully used [(18)F]FDG as a prosthetic group to prepare (18)F]FDG-RGD and [(18)F]FDG-cyclic[RGD(D)YK] based on a simple one-step radiosynthesis. The one-step radiosynthesis methodology consists of chemoselective oxime formation between an aminooxy-functionalized peptide and [(18)F]FDG. The results have implications for radiolabeling of other macromolecules and would lead to a very simple strategy for routine preclinical and clinical use.

The refraction of acoustic duct waveguide modes emitted from the open end of a semi-infinite rectangular duct by a jet-like exhaust flow is studied theoretically. The problem is formulated as a Wiener-Hopf problem and is ultimately solved by an approximate method due to Carrier and Koiter. Continuity of transverse acoustic particle displacement and of acoustic pressure is assumed at the jet/still-air interface. The solution exhibits several features of the acoustics of moving media such as a source convection effect, zones of relative silence, simple refraction, etc. Plots of far-field directivity patterns are presented for several cases and show refraction effects to be important even at modest exhaust Mach numbers of order 0.3. Only subsonic exhaust Mach numbers are considered. In view of the problem’s technological interest, the solution for the far-field directivity is written out in full detail in the appendices. In the low-frequency limit when only one duct waveguide mode (the plane wave mode) propagates, we also examine the reflection coefficient. It is found that this reflection coefficient, in general, considerably exceeds either the no-flow value or the value for the case with uniform flow both inside and outside the waveguide (i.e., in the whole space). Apparently the acoustic medium mismatch enhances the geometric mismatch in the jet flow case, thus producing a higher reflection coefficient.

Fatigue damage is one of the major distress modes that have a critical impact on the performance and serviceability of asphalt pavements. High variability in testing results poses a challenge for predicting the fatigue life of asphalt mixtures using conventional deterministic modeling approaches. This study examined the efficacy of using a probabilistic approach for the analysis of the viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) and fatigue life of fine aggregate mixtures (FAM) that were prepared using one hot-mix asphalt (HMA) and three types of warm-mix asphalt (WMA). The FAM mixtures were subjected to oscillating stress-controlled fatigue tests. The results highlighted the differences between the probabilistic and deterministic VECD approaches in representing and predicting fatigue life. In addition, the results demonstrated the advantage of the probabilistic VECD approach in providing more reliable predictions of fatigue life that account for uncertainty in determining the model parameters. The probabilistic analysis results showed that the WMA mixtures tested in this study had less variability but shorter fatigue life than the control HMA mixture.

Voltage stability is an important factor that needs to be taken into consideration during the planning and operation of power systems in order to avoid voltage collapse and subsequently partial or full system blackout. This paper presents singular value decomposition (SVD) technique to assess voltage stability of Qatar power transmission system. A MATLAB program has been developed for SVD technique. The voltage stability of the system has been analyzed during the peak load condition of summer 2007. The SVD results obtained by the developed MATLAB programs confirm that the Qatar power transmission system is ldquovoltage stablerdquo. The critical load buses that could lead the system to voltage instability have been identified and the computer results have shown that there are critical load buses in the system. These critical load buses are located in an industrial area feeding from Qatar power system. The results of the critical load buses obtained by SVD have been verified by Q-V sensitivity.

An exact statistical test is given for testing for equality of the availabilities of two types of repairable units under the assumption that times to failure and times to repair are independent and exponentially distributed.

An exact statistical test is given for testing for equality of the availabilities of two types of repairable units under the assumption that times to failure and times to repair are independent and exponentially distributed.

This research presents a novel framework for improving fault detection and grid resilience in modern power systems by leveraging edge computing, optimized infrastructure placement, and advanced signal processing. At the core of the approach is an innovative time-frequency analysis method that enhances fault discrimination, even in noisy environments. By strategically positioning smart meters and Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations, the framework improves fault detection efficiency and overall system reliability. The Adaptive SBCT index dynamically fine-tunes fault identification, ensuring a more responsive power grid. Additionally, Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) streamlines data processing without compromising critical information, enhancing real-time performance. Extensive simulations and case studies validate the framework’s effectiveness across diverse low-voltage networks, demonstrating its potential to minimize power outages, reduce maintenance costs, and strengthen grid reliability. Future directions include large-scale real-world deployment and integration with renewable energy sources to further enhance system sustainability and scalability.

Introduction: Periodic paralysis is a condition that causes recurrent episodes of flaccid paralysis, and it can be primary or secondary. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is the most common type of primary periodic paralysis, and it is inherited through autosomal dominant gene transmission. Males are affected three times more often than females, and the paralysis attacks usually occur at night after a period of vigorous exercise. It is crucial to exclude other diagnostic entities based on the nature of presentation, physical examination, and paraclinical studies. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is more prevalent in Asian or Hispanic males with thyrotoxicosis, where up to 10% of thyrotoxic patients may experience periodic paralysis. Case Presentations: Here, we present 6 cases of patients who came to our care with varying degrees of muscle weakness, each showing interesting and diverse laboratory results. Conclusion: In patient assessment, it is crucial to consider social and family history. Even without this information, awareness of potential diagnoses is vital. The cause should be carefully considered for possible simple treatments. Failing to recognize and address this condition promptly could lead to severe outcomes. Timely identification and intervention are essential for effective disease management and patient welfare.

Straw burning has emerged as a persistent and multifaceted challenge within global agricultural systems, particularly across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This review reframes straw burning not as an isolated behavioral issue, but as the outcome of interlinked structural, technological, and socio-cultural constraints embedded in modern agricultural transitions. Drawing on a synthesis of recent empirical studies, we identify four conceptual turning points that reshape the understanding of straw burning: the structural consequences of mechanization, the trade-offs between high- and low-tech solutions, the cultural legitimacy of burning practices, and the need for systems-based, climate-aligned management paradigms. The analysis reveals that interventions focusing solely on technical innovation often overlook the deeper institutional and cultural factors that sustain burning as a rational choice under constrained conditions. We advocate for hybrid, place-based strategies that combine accessible agronomic practices with long-term investments in infrastructure, policy alignment, and community engagement. Moving beyond fragmented solutions and adopting an integrated systems lens enables the study to contribute a forward-looking framework for sustainable straw management that is environmentally just, socially legitimate, and economically viable.

Patterns of 5-μm-wide grooves on 25-μm centers were partially etched in the easy and/or hard directions in uniaxial Permalloy films; 20-μm-diameter circles or 25-μm centers were also etched. The easy direction grooves modified the anisotropy of the films to produce an NDRO behavior, while the hard direction grooves resulted in biaxial symmetry. Coercive force of the easy direction grooved films increased as a result of the lower energy of 180° walls in the thinner grooved regions. Pairs of crossties and the Bloch lines between them were confined to grooves in the hard direction. Creep sensitivity was markedly decreased in hard direction grooved films. This creep control probably results from the limitation of Bloch-line motion by the hard direction grooves, in agreement with several recent suggestions concerning the mechanism of creep in crosstie walls.

This paper presents an automated aerodynamic optimization procedure for the preliminary design of centrifugal compressors. The proposed procedure interfaces a well-validated prediction tool with a GE in-house developed optimization code (PEZ). In GE Oil & Gas this tool is used to predict the performance of a single centrifugal compressor stage the outline of which requires more than thirty geometric parameters to be set. In the early phase of a new stage design, the designer manually varies all related parameters in the framework of a trial-and-error approach. The optimization procedure eliminates the inconvenience of a vast amount of manually launched simulations required by variations of the large number of design variables. Additionally, this procedure can perform trade-off studies and sensitivity analysis. In this case the optimization plan consists of a differential evolution (DE) genetic algorithm followed by a simplex-based optimization method (AMOEBA). The procedure was challenged with several existing designs by setting different objective/constraints combinations. The optimizer was often able to improve the predicted performance, as for an old 2D design where it was possible to increase the peak efficiency of approximately 2.6%. Also, the algorithm proved able to maximize the polytropic head (+12% with respect to baseline), while keeping unaltered both surge and choke limits. The computational time was about 40 hours per case on a Windows workstation (3.20 GHz, 3.5 GB RAM).

Investments in commercial energy retrofits are exposed to unique types of risks that can be placed into two categories of risk: market risks (risks because of volatile market conditions) and private risks (risks because of volatile energy consumptions). By identifying such risks as a major contributor to the financial barrier, most studies to date have focused on market risks, yet these studies lacked consideration of the effect of private risks. In response, this paper aims to present a real options valuation (ROV) that aids in determining the financial effects of private risks on commercial energy retrofit investments. In particular, the study focuses on the valuation of phased investments in a large building portfolio under private risks that contribute to the option to defer (wait and see). The ROV adapts the binomial lattice method based on the level of volatility that is estimated using Monte Carlo simulation. The ROV results of the one-phase strategy are compared to those of the two-phase strategy to quantify the benefit of the increased managerial flexibility of the phased investments. The valuation presented in this paper is expected to help building owners and investors make better informed decisions in commercial energy retrofits and, as a result, effectively overcome the financial barrier.

Preliminary results from an investigation on the application of dynamic power flow controllers to a stretch of the Qatar Transmission System (QTS) along the western coast of Qatar. The main objective of applying the power flow controller is to maintain balance of power flow between the networks or lines that supply to this weaker region of the QTS, and in turn support network security should the demand in this region grows. The paper will investigate the impact on steady-state power flow control using a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), and the potential application of a Generalized Power Flow Controller (GUPFC), in the QTS to check if these controllers provide a viable solution looking into the future. In controlling of the power flow controller, this paper looks into the possibility of using phasor measurement units (PMUs) and synchrophasor based control. An assessment on the existing infrastructure of the QTS and necessary improvement needed to support implementation of the power flow controller and its control will be included in this paper along with a preliminary cost analysis. The modeling work and preliminary studies in this paper were conducted with PSS/E.

Abstract The nervous system maintains physiological homeostasis through reflex pathways that modulate organ function. This process begins when changes in the internal milieu (e.g. blood pressure, temperature, or pH) activate visceral sensory neurons that transmit action potentials along the vagus nerve to the brain stem. IL-1β and TNF, inflammatory cytokines produced by immune cells during infection and injury, and other inflammatory mediators have been implicated in activating sensory action potentials in the vagus nerve. However, it remains unclear whether neural responses encode cytokine-specific information. Here we develop methods to isolate and decode specific neural signals to discriminate between two different cytokines. Nerve impulses recorded from the vagus nerve of mice exposed to IL-1β and TNF were sorted into groups based on their shape and amplitude and their respective firing rates were computed. This revealed sensory neural groups responding specifically to TNF and IL-1β. These cytokine-mediated responses were subsequently decoded using a Naïve Bayes algorithm that discriminated between no exposure and exposures to IL-1β and TNF (mean successful identification rate 82.9±17.8%, chance level 33%). Recordings obtained in IL-1 receptor knockout mice were devoid of IL-1β related signals, but retained their responses to TNF. Genetic ablation of TRPV1 neurons attenuated the vagus neural signals mediated by IL-1β and distal lidocaine nerve block attenuated all vagus neural signals recorded. Using a novel methodological framework, the results obtained in this study suggest cytokine-specific information is present in sensory neural signals within the vagus nerve.

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Birth weight is a key public health indicator that needs to be monitored regularly. However, in the United Arab and worldwide, there is currently no systematic procedure for monitoring shifts or trends in the mean and variability of birth weight at a national level. For this purpose, it is proposed to use statistical process control charts (SPC). This is illustrated through developing SPC charts for monitoring the birth weight of UAE nationals. The developed control charts indicated that the birth weight of UAE nationals is in statistical control. The national mean birth weight, standard deviation of birth weights, percentage of low birth weight, and percentage of high birth weight were estimated to be 3.208 kg, 0.445 kg, 5.59%, and 0.19%, respectively.

Abstract Oral diseases are among the most prevalent and preventable health problems worldwide, significantly impacting overall health, quality of life, and economic productivity. Oral health education plays a crucial role in disease prevention and in establishing lifelong habits conducive to optimal oral hygiene. This article highlights the connection between oral health and systemic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, and respiratory illnesses. It also explores the importance of early oral health education, particularly in schools, and outlines key strategies including proper tooth brushing techniques, use of fluoride, and community engagement. Emphasizing preventive care and empowering individuals with knowledge can substantially reduce oral disease burden and enhance public health outcomes.

This study employs an integrated framework that combines field-based measurements, remote sensing, and Geographic Information Systems (GISs) to monitor vegetation dynamics and assess the suitability of a steppe range reserve for livestock grazing. Forty-three surface and subsurface soil samples were collected in April and November 2021 to capture seasonal variations. Above-ground biomass (AGB) measurements were recorded at five sampling locations across the reserve. Six Sentinel-2 satellite imageries, acquired around mid-March 2016–2021, were processed to derive time-series Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, capturing temporal shifts in vegetation cover and density. The GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) was employed to model the suitability of the reserve for livestock grazing. The results showed higher salinity, total dissolved solids (TDSs), and nitrate (NO3) values in April. However, the percentage of organic matter increased from approximately 7% in April to over 15% in November. The dry forage productivity ranged from 111 to 964 kg/ha/year. On average, the reserve’s dry yield was 395 kg/ha/year, suggesting moderate productivity typical of steppe rangelands in this region. The time-series NDVI analyses showed significant fluctuations in vegetation cover, with lower NDVI values prevailing in 2016 and 2018, and higher values estimated in 2019 and 2020. The grazing suitability analysis showed that 13.8% of the range reserve was highly suitable, while 24.4% was moderately suitable. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring grazing practices to enhance forage availability and ecological resilience in steppe rangelands. By integrating satellite-derived metrics with in situ vegetation and soil measurements, this study provides a replicable methodological framework for assessing and monitoring rangelands in semi-arid regions.

Abstract Urban sprawl has now become a universal phenomenon. In 1900, only 9.2% of the world's population lived in settlements with more than 20,000 inhabitants (Davis Hartz, 1957), while by 1990 this had increased to 45.7%. It is estimated that by 2025, about 65.2% (approximately 5.3 billion) of the world's population will live in urban areas (Diwakar, 1991). Rapid urban growth generally occurs on prime agricultural lands around cities and towns, leading to continued encroachment on productive rural land. Thus, suburban lands form the foundation of urban sprawl. Land, being an important natural resource, supports major developmental initiatives (Kumar, 2011). Population growth, which refers to the increase in the number of inhabitants, is currently increasing by about 83 million people annually globally, at a rate of 1.1% per annum. India alone is home to one-sixth of the world's population. According to the 2001 census, Maharashtra's population reached 96.7 crore, the second largest among all states and union territories in India. The present study reviews the decade-wise population growth of Solapur district and Pandharpur city from 1901 to 2011. The analysis shows that the decade-wise growth trend of urban population of Pandharpur city and Solapur district is highly volatile.

Global LNG liquefaction capacity at the end of 2023 stood at 490 Mtpa, with an 83% utilisation rate. The commissioning of new liquefaction capacity hit a multi-year low of 4 Mtpa in 2023, however, in 2024, new liquefaction capacity is expected to rise by 16 Mtpa. From 2025 onwards, global capacity is projected to surge by more than 40% during the remainder of this decade from projects that have already reached a final investment decision. This surge could result in a medium-term oversupply in the LNG market, putting downward pressure on spot LNG prices. However, this additional supply could stimulate global natural gas demand, particularly in price-sensitive Asian markets, helping to stabilise the global gas market. Between 2024 and 2029, global liquefaction capacity is projected to increase by 230 Mtpa, nearly 50% higher than the capacity at the end of 2023. Approximately 50 Mtpa of liquefaction capacity is expected to be commissioned annually between 2025 and 2028, marking a record high for capacity additions. The US is anticipated to account for 35% of this new capacity, followed by Qatar (21%), Russia (14%), and Canada (8%). Assuming global LNG exports from existing liquefaction terminals remain at 2023 levels and new terminals operate at 95% capacity, global LNG exports could reach 620 Mt by the end of the decade. This estimate excludes supply from liquefaction projects that may take FID in the near term and become operational by 2030. There is a significant risk that the expected strong increase in global LNG exports could lead to a decline in global spot LNG prices in the medium term, as supply growth may outpace demand growth. As seen in previous market cycles, a potential decline in spot LNG prices could stimulate demand in price-sensitive Asian markets, particularly in China and South/Southeast Asia. This could encourage a shift away from more polluting energy sources, such as coal and liquid petroleum products, towards cleaner natural gas. In Asia’s primary energy mix, coal dominates with a 51% share, followed by oil at 23%, while natural gas accounts for only 11%. Similarly, in the electricity mix, coal holds the largest share of 57%, while hydroelectric and natural gas each account for just 12% and 10%, respectively. The dominance of coal in Asia's primary energy mix and electricity sector highlights the pivotal role natural gas can play in the region's energy transition. To fully leverage the anticipated decline in global spot LNG prices and stimulate natural gas demand in Asia, the development of natural gas infrastructure and supportive regulatory frameworks are essential. The following short- to medium-term strategies could be considered: • Develop LNG import terminals, particularly floating storage regasification units (FSRUs). • Expand domestic pipeline infrastructure to enhance natural gas accessibility. • Cap electricity production from coal, replacing it with natural gas. • Implement carbon pricing to create a level playing field between coal and natural gas.