GSL Medical College & General Hospital

Moringa oleifera is a valued medicinal plant in traditional folk medicine. Many pharmacological studies have shown the ability of this plant to exhibit analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anticancer, antioxidant, nootropic, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, anti-ulcer, cardiovascular, anti-obesity, antiepileptic, antiasthmatic, antidiabetic, anti-urolithiatic, diuretic, local anesthetic, anti-allergic, anthelmintic, wound healing, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antidiarrheal properties. This review is a comprehensive summary of the phytochemical and pharmacological activities as well as the traditional and therapeutic uses of this plant. M. oleifera has wide traditional and pharmacological uses in various pathophysiological conditions. We will review the various properties of M. oleifera (drumstick tree) and focus on its various medicinal properties. We think that it is an attractive subject for further experimental and clinical investigations.

Context:Phytoconstituents of medicinal plants have been playing a key role in treating various diseases all over the world since ancient times. The present study was focused on preliminary analysis of phytoconstituents and evaluation of anthelmintic property (in vitro) of different extracts of Cayratia auriculata (Family: Vitaceae) against earthworms (Pheretima posthuma). Materials and methods:Four different hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Cayratia auriculata were screened for their phytoconstituents. Cayratia auriculata has been shown to have various phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and steroids. Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Cayratia auriculata were analyzed for their anthelmintic property on earthworms (Pheretima posthuma). Each extract at three different concentrations (20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL and 80 mg/mL) was analysed to evaluate the time taken for paralysis (P) and death (D) of adult earthworms. Albendazole was used as standard and 2% Tween 80 in distilled water as control at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Results:Our study found that the methanolic extract of Cayratia auriculata at a concentration of 80 mg/mL [21.98±0.88 (P), 79.06±0.87(D)] expressed a stronger anthelmintic property than the standard albendazole (10 mg/mL) [26.73±0.56 (P), 87.70±0.91 (D)]. Conclusions:All extracts expressed a dose dependent anthelmintic activity, with an increasing pattern in the following order: hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol.

OBJECTIVE: To find out the hypoglycemic activity of Ficus hispida Linn. (bark) in normal and diabetic albino rats and to evaluate its probable mechanism of hypoglycemic activity if any. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Albino rats were divided into groups (n=6) receiving different treatments consisting of vehicle, water-soluble portion of the ethanol extract of Ficus hispida bark (FH) (1.25 g/kg) and standard antidiabetic drugs, glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg) and 0.24 units of insulin (0.62 ml of 0.40 units/ml). Blood glucose was estimated by the glucose oxidase method in both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats before and 2 h after the administration of drugs. To find out the probable mechanism of action of FH as a hypoglycemic agent, i) the glycogen content of the liver, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, and ii) glucose uptake by isolated rat hemi-diaphragm were estimated. RESULTS: FH showed significant reduction of blood glucose level both in the normal (P<0.01) and diabetic (P<0.001) rats. However, the reduction in the blood glucose level was less than that of the standard drug, glibenclamide. FH also increased the uptake of glucose by rat hemi-diaphragm significantly (P<0.001). There was a significant increase in the glycogen content of the liver (P<0.05), skeletal muscle (P<0.01) and cardiac muscle (P<0.001). The amount of glycogen present in the cardiac muscle was more than the glycogen present in the skeletal muscle and liver. CONCLUSION: FH has significant hypoglycemic activity. Increased glycogenesis and enhanced peripheral uptake of glucose are the probable mechanisms involved in its hypoglycemic activity.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and severity of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 2,864 students aged 8-12 years were selected from government and private schools in Chennai. MIH was diagnosed clinically based on the diagnostic criteria established by the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2003. RESULTS: A total of 277 children (9.7%) had MIH. There was statistically significant difference in prevalence related to age but there was no statistical difference in prevalence with respect to gender. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of MIH was 9.7% in the child population residing in Chennai. Males and females were equally affected. The rate of occurrence and severity of MIH are more in the right mandibular first molar. The severity of MIH is more in molars compared to incisors (P < 0.001) and is more in government schools compared to private schools (P = 0.002).

OBJECTIVES: Wound healing is a significant healthcare problem in today's medical practice. Despite extensive treatment modalities that are supposed to hasten the wound healing process, the outcomes of existing methods are far from optimal. One such agent that has been tried previously and found controversial in wound healing is phenytoin. In this study, the wound-healing efficacy of phenytoin was investigated in albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 male Wistar albino rats were subjected to excisional wounds measuring 500 mm(2) on the back and then randomized to two groups (n = 10): Control group (A) and treatment group (B). The control group received no drug treatment till the end of the study. 1% Phenytoin cream was applied to the wounds of rats in the group B and continued till the 16(th) day of the study. The areas of wounds were measured on the Days 4, 8, 12, and 16 of the experiment. The percentages of the healing wounds were calculated by Walker formula after measurement of the wound area. The total number of days required for complete epithelization of wounds was noted in each group. RESULTS: Statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) in average wound area was seen in Group B (P value=0.0017, 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001), respectively, on Days 4, 8, 12, and 16 of the experiment in comparison to Group A. The average number of days required for complete epithelization of wound area was less in Group B as compared to Group A (P=0.0120). The difference was statically significant CONCLUSION: In the present study, topical phenytoin accelerated healing of excisional wound in albino rats.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a path-breaking advancement for many industries, including the health care sector. The expeditious development of information technology and data processing has led to the formation of recent tools known as artificial intelligence. Radiology has been a portal for medical technological advancements, and AI will likely be no dissimilar. Radiology is the platform for many technological advances in the medical field; AI can undoubtedly impact every step of a radiologist's workflow. AI can simplify every activity like ordering and scheduling, protocoling and acquisition, image interpretation, reporting, communication, and billing. AI has eminent potential to augment efficiency and accuracy throughout radiology, but it also possesses inherent drawbacks and biases. We collected studies that were published in the past five years using PubMed as our database. We chose studies that were relevant to artificial intelligence in radiology. We mainly focused on the overview of AI in radiology, components included in the functioning of AI, AI assisting in the radiologists' workflow, ethical aspects of AI, challenges, and biases that AI experiencing together with some clinical applications of AI. Of all 33 studies, we found 15 articles discussed the overview and components of AI, five articles about AI affecting radiologist's workflow, five articles related to challenges and biases in AI, two articles discussed ethical aspects of AI, and six articles about practical implications of AI. We found out that the application of AI could make time-dependent tasks that can be performed effortlessly, permitting radiologists more time and opportunities to engage in patient care via increased time for consultation and development in imaging and extracting useful data from those images. AI could only be an aid to radiologists but will not replace a radiologist. Radiologists who use AI to their benefit, rather than to avoid it out of fear, might supersede those radiologists who do not. Substantial research should be done regarding the practical implications of AI algorithms for residents curriculum and the benefits of AI in radiology.

Objective: To investigate the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using partially purified ethyl acetate extract of Nannochloropsis sp. hexane (EAENH) fraction of microalga. Methods: The green synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed with UV-Vis spectrum which shows the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 421 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) presented the involvement of functional groups like carboxyl groups of fatty acids, tetraterpenoids of xanthophylls, hydroxyl groups of polyphenols, carbonyl and amide linkage of proteins in the AgNP synthesis. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis (GCMS) revealed that phytochemicals like octadecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid imply in capping, bioreduction, and stabilization of AgNps. Result: High-resolution Transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and EDX analysis showed the crystalline form of the AgNPs with Z-average size 57.25 nm. The zeta potential value of -25.7 mV demonstrated the negative surface charge and colloidal stability of AgNPs. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs displayed effective inhibition zone against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. In vitro, antioxidant effects were assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide and reducing power assays which revealed excellent scavenging potential for AgNPs than the extracts. The anti-proliferative potential of biofabricated AgNPs and extracts on Human Non-small lung cancer cell line (A549) was assessed using 3–(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with IC50 values of 15 μgmL-1 and 175 μgmL-1 respectively. Conclusion: The study reveals that the microalgae-mediated AgNPs possesses potent antimicrobial and antioxidant activity along with the ability to stimulate apoptosis in A-549 cell line.

Mucocele is a common salivary gland disorder that can appear in the lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, appendix, or gall bladder. These lesions occur due to mucous accumulation resulting from the alteration of minor salivary glands. Lower lip is the most common site of occurrence of these lesions in the oral cavity and most probable cause is trauma or habit of lip biting. Diagnosis is mainly clinical due to its pathognomonic presentation. We report a case series of mucocele in children treated by conventional surgical excision of the lesion.

Objectives: Variations of lobar pattern and fissures of lung have been described on imaging techniques whereas there are fewer studies in gross anatomy.Present study was performed to examine lung specimens with respect to the morphology of fissures and lobes, to note the variations, to compare them with previous studies and to find their clinical implications.Methods: Fifty pairs of lungs were used for the study, obtained from 50 formalin-fixed adult Indian cadavers.The lung specimens were meticulously observed for the patterns of lobes and fissures, variations were noted and specimens were photographed.Results: Seven right lungs showed absence of horizontal fissure while one specimen showed absent oblique fissure.On the left side 6 specimens showed incomplete oblique fissure.In addition, 2 right-sided specimens showed presence of superior accessory fissure whereas the inferior accessory fissure was observed in 7 right and 12 left-sided specimens.The left minor fissure was seen in 13 specimens and one pair of lungs exhibited fissures separating all four segments seen on diaphragmatic surface. Conclusion:The results and their comparison with the previous works show that there is a wide range of difference in occurrence of major, minor and accessory fissures between and among different populations.Knowledge of such variations might explain bizarre presentation of certain clinical cases pertaining to lung pathologies.Also knowing the frequency of occurrence of a variant fissure in a particular population might help the radiologist and clinician to make correct diagnosis, plan, execute and modify a surgical procedure depending on the merit of the case.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that AMH and antral follicle count (AFC) are good predictors of ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation and to compare them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study included 56 subjects aged between 25 and 42 years who were enrolled between 1(st) January and 31(st) December 2010 for their first intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) program. Baseline hormone profiles including serum levels of Estradiol (E2), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), and Anti-mullerian Hormone (AMH) were determined on day 3 of the previous cycle. The antral follicle count measurements were performed on days 3-5 of the same menstrual cycle. Antral follicles within the bilateral ovaries between 2-6 mm were recorded. The subjects were treated with long protocol for ovarian stimulation. Ovulation was induced with 10,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) when at least 3 follicles attained the size of more than 17 mm. Transvaginal oocyte retrieval was performed under ultrasound guidance 36 hours after hCG administration. An oocyte count less than 4 and absence of follicular growth with controlled ovarian hyper stimulation was considered as poor ovarian response. Oocyte count of 4 or more was considered as normal ovarian response. RESULTS: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software trail version 16.0. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, depending on the ovarian response. The mean oocyte counts were 12.27 ± 6.06 and 2.22 ± 1.24 in normal and poor responders, respectively, (P = 001). Multiple regression analysis revealed AMH and antral follicle count as predictors of ovarian response (β coefficient ± SE for AMH was 1.618 ± 0.602 (P = 0.01) and for AFC, it was, 0.528 ± 0.175 (P = 0.004). AFC was found to be a better predictor of ovarian response compared to AMH in controlled ovarian hyper stimulation. CONCLUSION: The observations made in this study revealed that both AMH and AFC are good predictors of ovarian response; AFC being a better predictor compared to AMH.

Biosynthesis of silver Nanoparticles (NPs) using microorganisms has been reported but methodologies of synthesis are slow and the silver nanoparticles are not stable. In this study, an attempt has been made to synthesize the silver nanoparticles (SNPs) within 10 min from Phytophthora infestans and it was found to be stable. The SNPs formation was confirmed by changes in colour and also from the UV spectral analysis. The sizes of the particles were confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), particle size measurement. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of protein as the stabilizing agent surrounding the SNPs. The physical stability was also tested, and the stability of the nanoparticles was confirmed by zeta potential measurement and by SDS-PAGE profiling. Once the SNP ointment was prepared; the wound healing activity of the SNPs was studied by measuring wound contraction ability in excision wound model at different time intervals and histopathology, the least effective dose of SNP 0.125% (w/w) ointments showed significant wound healing as compared to standard silver sulphadiazine ointment currently available in the market.

BACKGROUND: The use of motion tracking has been proved to provide an objective assessment in surgical skills training. Current systems, however, require the use of additional equipment or specialised laparoscopic instruments and cameras to extract the data. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of using a software-based solution to extract the data. METHODS: 6 expert and 23 novice participants performed a basic laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure in the operating room. The recorded videos were analysed using Kinovea 0.8.15 and the following parameters calculated the path length, average instrument movement and number of sudden or extreme movements. RESULTS: The analysed data showed that experts had significantly shorter path length (median 127 cm vs. 187 cm, p = 0.01), smaller average movements (median 0.40 cm vs. 0.32 cm, p = 0.002) and fewer sudden movements (median 14.00 vs. 21.61, p = 0.001) than their novice counterparts. CONCLUSION: The use of software-based video motion tracking of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a simple and viable method enabling objective assessment of surgical performance. It provides clear discrimination between expert and novice performance.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic suturing can be technically challenging and requires extensive training to achieve competency. To date no specific and objective assessment method for laparoscopic suturing and knot tying is available that can guide training and monitor performance in these complex surgical skills. In this study we aimed to develop a laparoscopic suturing competency assessment tool (LS-CAT) and assess its inter-observer reliability. METHODS: We developed a bespoke CAT tool for laparoscopic suturing through a structured, mixed methodology approach, overseen by a steering committee with experience in developing surgical assessment tools. A wide Delphi consultation with over twelve experts in laparoscopic surgery guided the development stages of the tool. Following, subjects with different levels of laparoscopic expertise were included to evaluate this tool, using a simulated laparoscopic suturing task which involved placing of two surgical knots. A research assistant video recorded and anonymised each performance. Two blinded expert surgeons assessed the anonymised videos using the developed LS-CAT. The LS-CAT scores of the two experts were compared to assess the inter-observer reliability. Lastly, we compared the subjects' LS-CAT performance scores at the beginning and end of their learning curve. RESULTS: This study evaluated a novel LS-CAT performance tool, comprising of four tasks. Thirty-six complete videos were analysed and evaluated with the LS-CAT, of which the scores demonstrated excellent inter-observer reliability. Cohen's Kappa analysis revealed good to excellent levels of agreement for almost all tasks of both instrument handling and tissue handling (0.87; 0.77; 0.75; 0.86; 0.85, all with p < 0.001). Subjects performed significantly better at the end of their learning curve compared to their first attempt for all LS-CAT items (all with p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We developed the LS-CAT, which is a laparoscopic suturing grading matrix, with excellent inter-rater reliability and to discriminate between experience levels. This LS-CAT has a potential for wider use to objectively assess laparoscopic suturing skills.

BACKGROUND: Variations in the branching pattern of the axillary artery are a rule rather than an exception. The knowledge of these variations is of anatomical, radiological, and surgical interest to explain unexpected clinical signs and symptoms. OBJECTIVE: The large percentage of variations in branching pattern of axillary artery is making it worthwhile to take any anomaly into consideration. The type and frequency of these vascular variations should be well understood and documented, as increasing performance of coronary artery bypass surgery and other cardiovascular surgical procedures. The objective of this study is to observe variations in axillary artery branches in human cadavers. METHODS: We dissected 80 limbs of 40 human adult embalmed cadavers of Asian origin and we have studied the branching patterns of the axillary artery. RESULTS: We found variations in branching pattern of axillary artery in 62.5% of the limbs. Anatomical variations included: origin of lateral thoracic artery from the subscapular artery; absent thoracoacromial trunk and all its branches arose directly from the second part of the axillary artery; division of thoracoacromial trunk into deltoacromial and clavipectoral trunks, which were divided into all branches of thoracoacromial trunk; origin of subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex humeral and profunda brachii arteries from a common trunk from the third part of the axillary artery; and origin of posterior circumflex humeral artery from brachial artery in addition to third part of the axillary artery. CONCLUSIONS: The study was carried out to show important variations in the branching pattern of axillary artery, in order to orient the surgeons performing angiography, coronary bypass, and flaps in reconstructive surgeries.

AIM: The aim of this study is to compare the oral hygiene status among institutionalized visually impaired children of age between 6 and 20 years given with Braille and audio instructions in Raichur city of Karnataka. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 children aged between 6 to 20 years were included in this study from a residential school for visually impaired children. These children were randomly divided into two equal groups. One group was given oral hygiene instructions by audio recordings and another written in Braille and were instructed to practice the same. After three months time the oral hygiene status and dental caries experience was recorded and compared using patient performance index. Statistical analysis was done by student paired t test and multiple comparison by Tukey's HSD (honest significant difference) test. RESULTS: The mean PHP (Patient Hygiene Performance) score of group A at baseline was 3.88 compared to 3.90 of group B. At 7 days PHP score of group A and group B was 3.42 and 3.45 respectively. At 3 month PHP score of group A and group B was 2.47 and 2.86 respectively. Even though over a period of time the mean score of PHP index reduced the score comparison between the 2 groups were statistically non significant. In group A the mean difference of PHP score between baseline and 7 days was 0.46, between baseline and 3 months it was 1.40. The PHP score between 7 days and 3 months was 0.94. All the above values were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Effective dental health education method has to be instituted for visually impaired children. The present study shows improvement of oral health status in both the study population by decrease in the mean plaque score. Hence continuous motivation and reinforcement in the form of Braille and audio instruction is beneficial to achieve good oral hygiene levels in visually impaired children.

<b>Background:</b> Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in reproductive age women and is associated with both reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. Recent studies have demonstrated an early onset of abnormal cardiovascular risk profile in women with PCOS. Abnormal lipid profile patterns are common in women with PCOS, and these abnormalities are not uniform in all populations. Anthropometry is a simple and commonly used research tool for assessing metabolic risk in women with PCOS. Therefore, this study examined the correlations between anthropometric parameters and lipid profile in women with PCOS. <b>Objectives:</b> The objectives of the study were (1) To study the anthropometric profile of women with PCOS, (2) To examine the lipid profile pattern of these women with PCOS and (3) To see whether there exists any correlation between these anthropometric parameters and lipid profile. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This observational cross-sectional study examined anthropometry and lipid profile in 86 married women with PCOS in the age group of 18–35 years and correlated them by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. <b>Results:</b> More than 80% of the women with PCOS demonstrated abnormal anthropometric parameters, and in more than 70% women, lipid abnormalities such as low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and high levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed. Significant positive correlations were seen between body mass index (BMI) and triglycerides (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001) and waist circumference (WC) and triglycerides (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.029). Negative correlations were observed between BMI and HDL cholesterol (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.013). <b>Conclusion:</b> This study revealed that BMI and WC are the most important anthropometric parameters correlated to dyslipidemia in the south Indian women with PCOS.

Dental trauma in sports is the major linking channel between sports and dentistry. Sports dentistry is the prevention of oral/facial athletic injuries and related oral diseases and manifestations. In children, sports activities were found to be responsible for 13% of overall oral trauma. It is emphasized that there is a great need for "Team Dentist" from high schools to professional teams. In this review, we discuss the relationship between sports and dentistry, and the importance of educating parents, teachers, and children in prevention of injuries related to the sports.

Introduction: Different Studies showing consistent predictable bacterial profile in wound infections, antibiotic resistance and capacity to adapt to changing environment which render the pathogens a matter of concern as a hospital acquired infections. Hence periodical monitoring of bacterial profile and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern is important. Objective: To determine the commonly encountered pathogens in pus samples along with their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from August, 2013 to January, 2014, in GSL Medical college central lab. Pus samples received for diagnostic microbiology was processed and identification by standard protocols. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Result: Out of 114 pus samples received for culture and sensitivity in the microbiology central laboratory, 102 (89.47%) cases yielded positive culture while 12 (10.53% ) cases had no aerobic growth . Among the 102 culture positive pus samples, 97 yielded pure bacterial isolates and 5 yielded mixed infection ; so a total number of 107 organisms were isolated out of 102 pus samples . Among the 102 culture positive cases 60 ( 58.82% ) were male and 42 ( 41.18%) were females yielding a male : female ratio of 1.43. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolates followed by pseudomonas aeruginosa , E. coli , K. pneumoniae , Strept. Pyogenes , S. epidermidis and proteus . Among the Gram positive isolates , vancomycin , levofloxacin and clindamycin were the most susceptible drugs whereas among the Gram negative isolates , the most susceptible drugs were piperacillin / tazobactum , levofloxacin , imipenem and amikacin . Conclution: Changing antimicrobial resistance pose challenge in treating pyogenic infections . Appropriate and judicious selection of antibiotic would limit the emerging drug resistant strains in the future to treat these clinical conditions successfully.

Most of the floating systems have an inherent drawback of high variability in the GI transit time, invariably affecting the bioavailability of drug. An attempt has been made to develop floating drug delivery system for improving the drug bioavailability by prolongation of gastric residence time of famotidine in stomach. The floating microballoons were prepared using polymer Eudragit L-100 by solvent evaporation and diffusion technique. The prepared famotidine loaded microspheres were characterised for drug loading, entrapment, encapsulation efficiency, particle size distribution, surface morphology, differential scanning calorimetry, test for buoyancy, in-vitro release and in-vivo antiulcer studies. The results showed an increased drug loading, encapsulation and entrapment efficiency. The thermogram of the DSC showed that the drug was encapsulated in amorphous form and SEM studies revealed the discrete, spherical shaped spheres with rough surface and presence of holes on floating microspheres due high entrapment of PEG which are responsible for drug release and floating ability. The sizes of spheres were found between 20-120 microm which exhibited prolonged release (In-vitro > 8 h) and remained buoyant for > 10 h. The mean particle size increased and the drug release rate decreased at higher Eudragit L-100 polymer concentration. The in-vivo results showed significant antiulcer property of famotidine loaded microspheres when compared to control and standard group of rats by using pyloric ligation method. The mean volume of gastric secretion, mean pH and mean total acid for formulation treated group was calculated as 3.45+/-0.88 ml, 5.65+/-0.74, and 114.15+/-1.80 mEq/L respectively.

CONTEXT: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in young adults is increasing in India. Data on the prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and complications associated with young-onset T2DM (YOD) at the time of diagnosis of diabetes are limited. This data can aid in aggressive diabetes management, CV risk reduction, and prevention of complications. AIM: To determine the prevalence of CV risk factors, micro and macrovascular complications in patients with newly diagnosed YOD. To assess the percentage of patients who require statin therapy based on current American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 1500 patients with newly detected YOD across seven centers from 2013 to 2015. DESIGNS AND METHODS: Patients were evaluated for complications of diabetes and CV risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Measurements have been presented as mean ± standard deviation; results on categorical measurements have been presented in percentages. RESULTS: The mean age, glycated hemoglobin and BMI were 34.7 ± 4.2 years, 9.9 ± 2.4%, and 26.8 ± 4.7 kg/m(2). Hypertension, dyslipidemia, BMI >23 kg/m(2), and smoking were presented in 27.6%, 62.4%, 84.2%, and 24%. Diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy were seen in 5.1%, 13.2%, and 0.9%. Ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke were presented in 0.7%, 2%, and 0.1%. As per current guidelines, 95.33% needed statin therapy. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that patients with YOD have micro and macrovascular complications at diagnosis. Nearly, every patient required a statin to reduce CV risk. This highlights the importance of screening patients with YOD for CV risk factors and complications of diabetes at the time of diagnosis.