Héritage et Création dans le Texte et l'Image

Advances in the sequencing of DNA extracted from media such as soil and water offer huge opportunities for biodiversity monitoring and assessment, particularly where the collection or identification of whole organisms is impractical. However, there are myriad methods for the extraction, storage, amplification and sequencing of DNA from environmental samples.

International audience

International audience

Le Journal des Sçavans et les Philosophical Transactions ont été fondés tous les deux en 1665, et sont devenus des revues majeures qui continuent d'exister de nos jours. Les deux ont également connu des difficultés dans les premières années de leur existence. Cette étude prend comme base un mini-corpus couvrant la période 1665-1695. Elle suggère que pendant cette période le Journal des Sçavans a peu évolué ; les comptes rendus de livres constituaient la majorité des entrées, le nombre de pages était relativement stable, mais en même temps, le Journal traitait une large gamme de sujets. Par comparaison, les Philosophical Transactions traitaient une gamme plus restreinte, principalement les sujets que l'on qualifie de nos jours de scientifiques ; néanmoins cette revue utilisait plus de genres, avec relativement peu de comptes rendus ; par ailleurs, le nombre de pages a augmenté pendant la période étudiée.

International audience

International audience

"Rather than limiting the cinema, as certain French New Wave critics feared, adaptation can give new inspiration to explore the possibilities of the intersection of text and film. This collection of essays covers various aspects of adaptation studies--questions of genre and myth, race and gender, readaptation, and pedagogical and practical approaches"--

An abstract is not only a mirror of the full article; it also aims to draw attention to the most important information of the document it summarizes. Many studies have compared abstracts with full texts for their informativeness. In contrast to previous studies, we propose to investigate this relation based not only on the amount of information given by the abstract but also on its importance. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a new metric called GEM to measure the "generosity" or representativeness of an abstract. Schematically speaking, a generous abstract should have the best possible score of similarity for the sections important to the reader. Based on a survey of 630 researchers, we were able to weight sections according to their importance. In our approach, seven sections were first automatically detected in the full text. The accuracy of this classification into sections was above 80% compared with a dataset of documents where sentences were assigned to sections by experts. Second, each section was weighted according to the survey results. The GEM score was then calculated as a sum of weights of sections in the full text corresponding to sentences in the abstract normalized over the total sum of weights of sections in the full text. The correlation between GEM score and the mean of the scores assigned by annotators was higher than the correlation between scores from different experts. As a case study, the GEM score was calculated for 36,237 articles in environmental sciences (1930–2013) retrieved from the ISTEX database. The main result was that GEM score has increased over time. Moreover, this trend depends on subject area and publisher. No correlation was found between GEM score and citation rate or open access status of articles. We conclude that abstracts are more generous in recent publications and cannot be considered as mere teasers. This research should be pursued in greater depth, particularly by examining structured abstracts. GEM score could be a valuable indicator for exploring large numbers of abstracts, by guiding the reader in the choice of whether or not to obtain and read full text.

L’objectif de cette étude consacrée aux rapports entretenus par Augustin Thierry avec le Moyen Âge est d’essayer de mesurer, dans une perspective littéraire, la contribution de Thierry au renouveau médiéval qui caractérise la période romantique et sa participation à une forme de mythification du Moyen Âge qui s’opère à cette époque. Nous sommes en effet encore redevables (ou victimes, selon le point de vue que l’on adopte) d’un certain nombre de représentations médiévales créées par le romant...

"Providing a simple - but not simplistic - introduction to the systemic functional grammar of English, this book serves as a launching pad for the beginning student and a review for the more seasoned linguist. With an introduction to systemic functional grammar (SFG) through lexicogrammar and the concept of rankshift, this book is the first introduction to SFG (including Appraisal) with examples exclusively sourced from twenty-first century texts. Written for those learning English and English linguistics as a foreign language, this serves as an easy-to-read introduction or refresher course for systemic functional linguistics"--

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Social media have become a major source of health information for lay people. It has the power to influence the public's adoption of health policies and to determine the response to the current COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this paper is to enhance understanding of personality characteristics of users who spread information about controversial COVID-19 medical treatments on Twitter.

International audience

International audience

Choosing what headwords to enter in a dictionary has always been a major question in lexicographical practice. Corpora have greatly helped ease both the choice of words to add, and those to remove, by resorting to frequency counts so as to monitor usage over time. This has been particular valuable in the building of learners dictionaries as, however good earlier word lists may have been, they were built largely in intuition whereas, corpora allow the consultation of large reference corpora for a better picture of current realities. In specialised dictionaries dealing with terminological issues, pure frequency is not a feasible solution for headword extraction. However, linked with extraction patterns and statistical tools, corpora still play a major role in supplying information on terms in use. In this research we aim to tackle a situation that lies in between the needs of an advanced learners dictionary and those of a terminological dictionary in attempting to build a pattern dictionary for verbs used in scientific research papers. In order to select verbs for this dictionary and put them into classes, we propose to use collocational relationships as a tool for both selection and analysis of patterns. The principle here is that a series of high frequency verbs can provide the seeds from which prototypical patterns can be extracted. By moving backwards and forwards from verb to argument and back pattern are revealed that use the statistical selectionning to highlight verbs lower in the frequency list that would otherwise be overlooked. Thus patterns will naturally enlarge the word list by selecting what is statistically significant with a textual

International audience

Je pense que prendre en considération le développement historique du langage peut nous aider à comprendre son fonctionnement actuel. Par conséquent je vais étudier un échantillon des premiers exemples de la traduction d’articles savants entre deux langues vernaculaires. Le premier périodique savant est le Journal des Sçavans, paru à Paris le 5 janvier 1665. Deux mois plus tard, le 6 mars 1665, les Philosophical Transactions parurent à Londres. Le Journal des Sçavans était rédigé par Denis de Sallo, à l’instigation de Colbert, dont l’objectif était le contrôle de la connaissance nouvelle et son utilisation pour célébrer la gloire de Louis XIV. La France était totalement stable et elle était le centre économique et culturel de l’Europe. Les Philosophical Transactions furent lancés comme une entreprise privée par Henry Oldenburg, un des secrétaires de la Royal Society, comme moyen d’augmenter ses revenus. L’Angleterre venait de traverser un demi-siècle parmi les plus chaotiques de son histoire, mais, à ce moment-là elle se confortait dans l’espoir retrouvé de la Restauration de la monarchie. Le Journal des Sçavans traitait toutes les disciplines de la nouvelle connaissance, y compris la théologie, le droit et l’histoire, et comportait principalement des recensements de livres. Les Philosophical Transactions se restreignaient aux sciences et à la technologie, et se basaient sur le courrier de H. Oldenburg. Son courrier était volumineux car il était au centre d’un réseau de correspondance scientifique. Le premier numéro des Philosophical Transactions comporte la traduction d’un item paru dans le premier numéro du Journal des Sçavans. Cela constitue alors la toute première traduction d’un article savant d’une langue vernaculaire vers une autre. Une étude des traits linguistiques (notamment la thématisation et les types de procès) de ces deux textes démontre que H. Oldenburg suivit de près le texte français, bien qu’il simplifiât son organisation afin de le rendre plus clair. Le Journal des Sçavans fut supprimé après 13 semaines, mais fut ressuscité au début de l’année suivante avec l’Abbé Bignon comme rédacteur. Le numéro du 11 janvier 1666 comporte la traduction d’un item paru aux Philosophical Transactions le 8 mai 1665. Le texte français le présente comme étant un résumé, mais il s’agit plutôt de la traduction d’extraits choisis que d’un résumé proprement dit. L’étude des traits linguistiques fait ressortir les différences entre les deux textes. Etudier ces textes s’avère fascinant en soi. Mis à part leur intérêt propre, il faut souligner le fait qu’ils étaient les premières tentatives de traduire des articles savants. Par conséquent, on peut considérer que l’évolution de la traduction de l’article savant commence ici.

In the context of an ageing and increasingly more independent learning population, a narrative inquiry into the life stories of motivated and still active senior language users remains a promising yet unexplored area. This case study forms part of a PhD research (Darnault, 2023) on the motivational dynamics of lifelong foreign language learning (FLL) individuals. We recorded the retrospective stories of 3 exceptionally motivated French senior learners of English, aged 65 to 80, from childhood to their current learning experience. Our triangulated and multimodal approach elicited written, oral and visual data. An inductive thematic analysis first highlighted the emergence of motivational peaks, subsequently followed by the examination of clusters of self-constructs within participants’ individual time frames in light of the L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS) framework. Results showed that upon retirement all three learners integrated language learning into their daily routine, incorporating it as an integral part of their identity and broader sense of self outside L2 domain-specific motivational constructs. A particularly unyielding hybrid L2 self emerged in later years, drawing from the combination of ought-to, ideal and anti-ought-to selves that prevailed with different degrees of intensity and interaction according to life periods.

This article intends to study the link between antonomasia and parody based upon the use of two words : « papegau » (popinjay) and « perroquet » (parrot). What does the substitution of one sign with the other actually mean and to what extent does the antonomasia have a parodic potential ? And lastly, is the parrot a preferred parodic figure ?