Hitachi (South Korea)

In order to understand diagrammatic reasoning with multiple diagrams, this study proposes a theoretical framework that focuses on the cognitive processes of perceptual and conceptual integration. The perceptual integration process involves establishing interdependence between relevant system elements that have been dispersed across multiple diagrams, while the conceptual integration process involves generating and refining hypotheses about a system by combining higher-level information inferred from the diagrams. This study applies a diagrammatic reasoning framework of a single diagram to assess the usability of multiple diagrams as an integral part of a system development methodology. Our experiment evaluated the effectiveness and usability of design guidelines to aid problem solving with multiple diagrams. The results of our experiment revealed that understanding a system represented by multiple diagrams involves a process of searching for related information and of developing hypotheses about the target system. The results also showed that these perceptual and conceptual integration processes were facilitated by incorporating visual cues and contextual information in the multiple diagrams as representation aids. Visual cues indicate which elements in a diagram are related to elements in other diagrams; the contextual information indicates how the individual datum in one diagram is related to the overall hypothesis about the entire system.

This study aims to empirically verify whether the entrepreneurial strategic orientation of social enterprises has any effect on organizational effectiveness with the mediation of dynamic capabilities. In the consideration of social enterprises’ features, strategic orientation consisted of social value orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and market orientation. Dynamic capabilities consisted of absorption capacity and coordination capacity, and organizational effectiveness was comprised of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. An online questionnaire survey targeted 228 employees of Korean social enterprises. The survey results were analyzed using a structural equation. As a result of the analysis, entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation significantly affected absorption capacity, but social value orientation did not affect it. Social value orientation and market orientation significantly affected coordination capacity, but entrepreneurial orientation did not affect it. Absorptive capacity and coordination capacity affected organizational effectiveness, and the hypotheses were adopted. Consequently, it was revealed that market orientation had the most significant effects on social enterprises’ dynamic capabilities and organizational effectiveness. It was confirmed that social value orientation and entrepreneurial orientation revealed differences depending on the absorptive capacity and coordination capacity of dynamic capabilities.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the reproducibility of the fetal right myocardial performance index determined by simultaneous recording of inflow and outflow using a dual gate pulsed-wave Doppler (DD). METHODS: This was a prospective study of 39 normal singleton fetuses. Two experienced operators each measured the right myocardial performance index in three ways, twice: (1) separate recording of the inflow and outflow using single-gate pulsed-wave Doppler (PD), (2) simultaneous recordings of the inflow and outflow using tissue Doppler (TD), and (3) simultaneous recordings of the inflow and outflow using DD. Intra- and interoperator reproducibility were assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients. The measurements from all three methods taken by the more experienced operator were compared using Bland-Altman plots and mean differences. RESULTS: For both operators, intra-operator reproducibility was the highest when using DD, followed by PD, and TD. Interoperator agreement was the highest for PD measurements, followed by DD, and TD. The smallest mean difference was between the PD and DD measurements by the more experienced operator. There was a positive correlation between PD and DD values (r = 0.369, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Dual gate pulsed-wave Doppler may be an effective alternative to the PD or TD methods, and can separately evaluate systolic and diastolic myocardial function.

This research explores the design of a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) using a cantilever beam with tip mass. Compared to a conventional DVA using a rubber bobbin, the proposed DVA isolates vibrations more effectively due to the low damping properties of its structure, which are the principal reason for its excellent anti-vibration performance near the anti-resonance frequency. This low damping decreases the harmonic response at the rotational frequency of the disk. To design the proposed DVA, the dynamic characteristics of the optical disk drive were represented with lumped parameter and finite element models. The dimensions of the beam were tuned to reduce the vibration in multiple axes based on this model. Tolerance analysis were performed so the drive would be robust against normal dimension variance due to the manufacturing process, and the variation in the dynamic characteristics with respect to the pickup position was investigated. The anti-vibration performance of the DVA was also measured experimentally.

This paper explores the dynamic characteristics of slim optical disk drives and the modification of their structural dynamics to reduce vibration using a simplified finite-element (FE) model. The FE model was constructed using simplified geometry and valid element types that effectively reflect the dynamic characteristics. The FE model was verified by experimental modal analysis (EMA). Design parameters were extracted and selected to modify the structural dynamics using design of experiments, topology optimization, and modal strain energy distribution. A prototype of the modified model was constructed and its anti-vibration performance was estimated using EMA and comparison of frequency response function.

In this paper, a finite-element model of a slim optical disk drive is developed to investigate the transient response of the sled base and disk. The model is simplified by using beam, shell and lumped parameter elements, in order to decrease the computational time. After the dynamic characteristics of the finite-element model have been verified by modal test, the shock response is obtained and compared with the results of a drop test. Finally, dynamic characteristics are modified to improve the shock performance.

The rotational speed of optical disks must be above 15,000 rpm owing to the required high data-transfer rates. At these speeds, the airflow between the rotating disk and a rigid wall is important when identifying the dynamic characteristics of the disk in a slim optical disk drive. This airflow is simulated using a numerical model and examined by a closed-form modal analysis. The calculated dynamic characteristics of the rotating disk can be used to predict the nonrepeatable runout for the servo controller design.

The rotational speed of optical disks must be above 15,000 rpm owing to the required high data-transfer rates. At these speeds, the airflow between the rotating disk and a rigid wall is important when identifying the dynamic characteristics of the disk in a slim optical disk drive. This airflow is simulated using a numerical model and examined by a closed-form modal analysis. The calculated dynamic characteristics of the rotating disk can be used to predict the nonrepeatable runout for the servo controller design.

Accompanying the microfabrication and the complexity of the semiconductor manufacturing process, measurement and inspection using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) have become increasingly important for semiconductor manufacturing. Therefore, we have introduced an image denoising algorithm based on supervised deep learning with measurements for model training that transform a low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) SEM image into a high S/N one, thereby improving the measurement success rate and maintaining measurement precision. Our experimental results demonstrated its effectiveness by an algorithm for enhancing throughput. However, performance may degrade when dealing with images containing features not included in the training dataset because deep learning models generally rely on trained features. Therefore, we propose high throughput CD-SEM metrology using image denoising based on deep learning that include a technique to statistically monitor deviations from the training images during model operation. In this study, we mainly discuss about monitoring module. To verify effectiveness of our proposed monitoring module, we first acquired sets of normal images used for training a deep learning model and sets of deviated images in which the SEM imaging recipe was partially changed. Then, the distribution of statistical values for noise and brightness features in the normal image set was used as a reference to compare the deviated image sets by the proposed method. As a result, the detection rate of the deviated images achieves 100%, and the false detection rate achieve 0% by combining of multiple statistical value distributions. By detecting deviated images that may degrade measurement performance, it is possible to maintain measurement precision and operate high-throughput measurement by using a denoising model based on deep learning.

In this paper, we describe the synthesis of H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sup> state feedback controllers for linear tracking servo system of blu-ray disc drive. We consider the problems of designing the H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sup> state feedback controller. Controller problem are solved on the basic of the Linear Matrix Inequality(LMI) technique. The sufficient conditions for the existence of controller and the H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sup> state feedback controller design methods are presented. The objective of the track servo system design for optical disc drives is to construct the system with better performance from various disturbances. We show that the resulting controller guarantees the asymptotic stability and disturbance attenuation of the closed loop.

As semiconductor devices continue to introduce new materials and structures, not only the dimensions but the material properties are becoming important in determining the device properties. Properties of insulator films used in transistors and memory devices are of particular interest as they determine the characteristics as well as the reliability of the devices. The material properties can depend not only on their deposition conditions, but also on the processes they are later exposed to, such as annealing and etching. Therefore, the film properties can change over the course of device fabrication. To ensure efficient production of these devices, an inline tool for metrology and inspection of material properties is desirable. One way to evaluate the material properties is to measure the material’s response to application of voltage. For this purpose, we have developed a laser-assisted SEM, an SEM with laser irradiation capability to control the electrical state of the material under SEM observation. The laser is used to inject carriers into insulators to control or neutralize insulator charging caused by the electron beam. Therefore, the combination of an electron beam and laser irradiation can be used to control the sample voltage. The material response can be measured in either the amount or energy of the secondary electron signals. Therefore, how the signal changes depending on the electron beam or the laser condition can be used to indirectly evaluate the material properties of the sample. In this work, we have used the laser-assisted SEM to detect the change in material properties of insulator films under annealing and different etching plasma conditions. The laser-assisted SEM was found to be sensitive not only to bulk film properties, but also to buried interfaces. These new features can make the laser-assisted SEM useful as needs continue to grow for inline metrology and inspection of semiconductor devices.

In this research, the shock container was designed to protect the cartridge of archiving system from the external shock during shipping.

In semiconductor manufacturing process, identification of device defects in early phase of the process flow is critical for accelerate process ramp-up times. On the other hand, the number of invisible electrical and material defects which cannot be detected by conventional dimensional metrology is increasing as semiconductor devices become more complex. To overcome this difficulty, we have developed an SEM equipped with two features: an electron beam modulator to generate pulsed electron beam and a laser irradiation feature. The laser enables control of the electrical state while the electron beam modulation enables charge dynamics measurement of device elements. In this report, we present (1) a technique to improve the detection sensitivity of contact defects by utilizing wavelength tunability and (2) evaluation results of contact resistance from voltage contrast using RC estimation systems.

There are wide and recent research efforts to extract location information of people in certain spaces, with new services using this information in real space being launched in the market.

Disc cartridge for archive data storage is made up of multi slots array and each slot keeping a disc. However, misalignment between slot and disc is caused by various disturbances sources. The archive data storage should be operated stably, able to cope with the misalignment. Because, misalignment can cause disc crash against slot walls, and miss positioning between transfer robot and disc slot. Therefore, proper detecting misalignment method should be adopted in archive data storage. In this paper, analyze allowable misalignment and propose dual sensing method based on vision system. Suggested method can simultaneously detect the upper and lower part of slots using only one detector. Each image is split by changing each optical path intentionally through lens shifting of 4f imaging system.

The optical disk drive is subjected to many different types of shock environments. Especially, the harsh shipping condition makes the mechanical failure of the optical components and damages to read/write performance. Thus it is necessary to improve the anti-shock performance of the shock isolator for optical pickup from external mechanical shock. In this paper, the shock analysis of the shock isolator is performed using the explicit finite element method and verified with the linear drop test. Based on the verified numerical model, the shape of the shock isolator is optimized via sensitivity analysis. As a result, the shock isolation performance under linear drop condition is considerably improved.

To evaluate the reproducibility of fetal right modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) determined by simultaneous recording of inflow and outflow using dual gate pulsed-wave Doppler (DD). This was a prospective study of 39 normal singleton fetuses at 20 + 1 to 24 + 4 week of gestation. All examinations were performed using a ProSound F75 (Hitachi Aloka Medical, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). Two experienced operators each measured the right Mod-MPI twice by 1) separate recording of inflow and outflow using single gate pulsed-wave Doppler (SD), 2) simultaneous recording using Tissue Doppler (TD), and 3) DD method. Intra- and interoperator reproducibility were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and the measurements using three methods obtained by the more experienced operator were compared using Bland-Altman plots and ICC. For both operators, intraoperator reproducibility was the highest when using DD (ICC = 0.924), followed by SD (ICC = 0.893), and TD (ICC = 0.839). Interoperator agreement was the highest for the measurements using SD, followed by DD, and TD (ICC = 0.851, 0.829, and 0.781, respectively). The mean difference between SD and DD measured by the more experienced operator was the smallest, followed by SD and TD, and DD and TD (0.008, –0.089, and –0.097, respectively). The DD method is a reliable technique for measuring the fetal right Mod-MPI. Because the DD method is not dependent on the heart rate and the Mod-MPI can be measured using the valve clicks, it is more precise than the previous methods using SD or TD. Therefore this new technique may be a good alternative to the SD or TD methods, and can also be useful for assessing systolic and diastolic myocardial function separately.

In semiconductor manufacturing, Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEMs) are employed for critical dimension (CD) measurements, overlay assessments, and defect inspections to improve yield. However, SEM images frequently suffer from issues such as poor contrast and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which lead to inaccurate metrology and incorrect defect inspections. As transistors and interconnects continue to shrink and become more complex, poor contrast and low SNR have become even more critical issues. Consequently, Semiconductor manufacturers and SEM device vendors are continuously seeking effective methods to enhance SNR and contrast. Although numerous image noise reduction methods have been proposed and show good performance in improving SNR, they cannot enhance image contrast simultaneously. As for the reported image contrast enhancement methods, we argue that they have two key drawbacks: (1) they typically apply image process functions uniformly across the entire image, without considering local variations, which fails to achieve a balanced appearance for each local region; and (2) these methods are generally used as pre-processing steps for specific tasks, which reduces the overall throughput of metrology or inspection systems. To address these challenges, we propose a novel metrology solution that integrates a pattern-recognition-based image contrast enhancement method with a convolutional neural network (CNN) noise reduction module. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed solution achieves optimal visual quality and improves metrology throughput by more than three-fold.

This research investigates to analyze the effect of ABB parameters on vibration reducing performance. Experiment was performed with respect to the parameters like number of ball, size of ball, mass of pickup base, and friction properties of ABB Race.