Honeywell (Canada)

Abstract Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least 4 m. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the 6.5 m James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 yr, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.

With decades of successful application of model predictive control (MPC) to industrial processes, practitioners are now focused on ease of commissioning, monitoring, and automation of maintenance. Many industries do not necessarily need better algorithms, but rather improved usability of existing technologies to allow a limited workforce of varying expertise to easily commission, use, and maintain these valued applications. Continuous performance monitoring, and automated model reidentification are being used as vendors work to deliver automated adaptive MPC. This paper examines industrial practice and emerging research trends towards providing sustained MPC performance.

This paper addresses the problem of crude-oil short-term scheduling, which is the first part of the overall refining operations. The problem involves the optimal operation of crude-oil unloading from vessels, its transfer to storage tanks, and the charging schedule for each crude-oil mixture to the distillation units. A novel model is developed based on a continuous-time representation and results in a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem. The state-task network representation is used throughout this paper. The proposed formulation is applied to several case studies and leads to fewer binary and continuous variables and fewer constraints compared with existing discrete-time models. Thus, an efficient solution can be achieved using available MILP solvers.

The problem of finding a robust servomechanism controller which achieves exact asymptotic tracking/regulation for a modeled class of reference and disturbance signals, arbitrarily good approximate error regulation (AGAER) for reference/disturbance signals which lie outside of this design class, and arbitrarily good transient response is considered. It is shown that a necessary condition that must be satisfied to accomplish this requirement is that the initial conditions of the servocompensator should be zero. An explicit algorithm for designing such controllers is then given. A simple controller, called the high gain servomechanism controller is also presented, which has the property that it gives AGAER and arbitrarily good transient response, when the robust exact asymptotic tracking/regulation requirement is relaxed. This controller shows that dynamics in a controller is not essential for achieving good error regulation in the presence of unknown unmeasurable disturbances. It is also shown that using the controllers proposed, exact error regulation occurs, for a larger class of design signals, called the extended disturbance/reference input signals, even if the conditions for perfect control are not satisfied. Some examples are included to illustrate the type of results obtained.

Rosenfeld's perturbative method [J. Chem. Phys. 98, 8126 (1993)]] for constructing the Helmholtz energy functional of classical systems is applied to studying inhomogeneous Lennard-Jones fluids, in which the key input-the bulk direct correlation function-is obtained from the first-order mean-spherical approximation (FMSA) [J. Chem. Phys. 118, 4140 (2003)]]. Preserving its high fidelity at the bulk limit, the FMSA shows stable and satisfactory performance for a variety of inhomogeneous Lennard-Jones fluids including those near hard walls, inside slit pores, and around colloidal particles. In addition, the inhomogeneous FMSA reproduces reliably the radial distribution function at its bulk limit. The FMSA is found, in particular, much better than the mean-field theory for fluids near hard surfaces. Unlike alternative non-mean-field approaches, the FMSA is computationally as efficient as the mean-field theory, free of any numerical determination of structure information, weight functions, or empirical parameters.

STATCOM is a FACTS controller that is used in power systems to regulate the line voltage, enhance the power transmission capacity and extend the transient stability margin. STATCOM is conventionally realized by a voltage-source converter; however, being a current injection device, its performance can be improved when realized by a current-source converter (CSC) that can generate a controllable current directly at its output terminals. In this paper, a STATCOM based on the current-source converter topology is proposed. The nonlinear model of the current-source converter, which is the source of the difficulties in the controller design, has been modified to a linear model through a novel modeling technique. The proposed modeling technique is not based on the linearization of a set of nonlinear equations around an operating point. Instead, the power balance equation and a nonlinear input transformation are used to derive a linear model independent of the operating point. This model acts as the basis for the design of a decoupled state-feedback controller. The proposed STATCOM has been simulated using the PSCAD/EMTDC package. The simulation results show that a CSC-based STATCOM can result in excellent current and voltage waveforms as well as very short response time while operating at a low switching frequency. This makes the proposed scheme suitable for high power applications.

Induction of an appropriate immune response is essential for successful immunization. For example, Th1 type immune responses are necessary for the control of intracellular infections whereas Th2 type responses are more useful for the control of extracellular infections. Immunostimulatory CpG ODN (oligonucleotides containing unmethylated cytosine and guanine dinucleotides in specific base contexts) act as potent adjuvants and have been shown to induce Th1 type immune responses with a number of different antigens. This study investigates the effect of CpG ODN on the Th bias of immune responses generated against the hepatitis B major surface antigen (HBsAg) in adult (6-8 weeks old) and young (<1 week old) BALB/c mice. It also investigates the potential of CpG DNA to reverse a pre-established Th2 response generated as an adult or as a neonate, following re-exposure to HBsAg in adult life. Both adult and young mice immunized with HBsAg/CpG ODN had a Th1 biased immune response (strong cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) induction, IgG2a>>IgG1). In contrast, mice immunized with HBsAg/alum had a Th2 type immune response (poor CTL, IgG1>>IgG2a). More importantly, when animals were immunized with HBsAg/alum and boosted with HBsAg/CpG ODN, the CpG ODN were able to re-direct the Th2 response pre-established by alum, whereas the animals receiving the primary immunization with HBsAg/CpG ODN and later boosted with HBsAg/alum maintained their Th1 bias, even after the boost with alum. These data suggest that CpG ODN have the ability to augment both humoral and cell mediated immune responses and override the Th2 bias created by alum, even in very young animals, which are known to have a Th2 biased immune system.

Abstract We present the wide field slitless spectroscopy mode of the NIRISS instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope. This mode employs two orthogonal low-resolution (resolving power ≈150) grisms in combination with a set of six blocking filters in the wavelength range 0.8–2.3 μ m to provide a spectrum of almost every source across the field-of-view. When combined with the low background, high sensitivity and high spatial resolution afforded by the telescope, this mode will enable unprecedented studies of the structure and evolution of distant galaxies. We describe the performance of the as-built hardware relevant to this mode and expected imaging and spectroscopic sensitivity. We discuss operational and calibration procedures to obtain the highest quality data. As examples of the observing mode usage, we present details of two planned Guaranteed Time Observations programs: The Canadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey and The NIRISS Survey for Young Brown Dwarfs and Rogue Planets.

-norm minimization to retrieve a sparse input spectrum. To implement this technique, we use a subwavelength-engineered spatial heterodyne FTS on a chip composed of 32 independent MZIs. We demonstrate the retrieval of three sparse input signals by collecting data from restricted sets (8 and 14) of MZIs and applying common CS reconstruction techniques to this data. We show that this retrieval maintains the full resolution and bandwidth of the original device, despite a sampling factor as low as one-fourth of a conventional (non-compressive) design.

The general solution of the Ornstein–Zernike equation presented by Tang and Lu [J. Chem. Phys. 99, 9828 (1993)] is further discussed. By applying the Hilbert transform, the first-order factorization and direct correlation functions (DCF) are generally and analytically obtained, with emphasis on the mean spherical approximation (MSA) for Yukawa fluids. These analytical results are employed to produce a new DCF for hard spheres through integrating with the previous generalized mean spherical approximation [J. Chem. Phys. 103, 7463 (1995)]. The new DCF is of simple analytical form and remedies the deficiencies of its Percus–Yevick version at high densities. Comparisons between the first-order and full MSA solutions are also made. It is shown that the two solutions give very close results for thermodynamic properties in the phase stable region and phase coexistence curves away from the critical point. At unstable states, the first-order MSA looks more advantageous when applications go beyond homogeneous.

Octane quality control at Shell Canada's continuous catalytic reforming (CCR) units is typically done manually due to infrequent measurements of the research octane number (RON). The goal of this paper is to study automating the control loop by developing a dual-rate inferential control scheme. In particular, for a dual-rate process with fast input updating and slow output sampling, we propose a polynomial domain method to identify a fast single-rate linear model based on dual-rate input-output data; using the fast model to supply missing samples, we extend a popular model-based predictive control algorithm to the inferential control framework; the identification and control algorithms are applied to a Shell Canada's CCR reactor, and the inferential controller is implemented in real time, resulting in 40% reduction in octane quality variance-a significant improvement.

This paper reports on the development and implementation of an algorithm for the design of spatially distributed feedback controllers for the wide variety of physical processes that are included in cross-directional (CD) control of industrial paper machines. The spatial and temporal structure of this class of process models is exploited in the use of the 2D frequency domain for analysis and 2D loop shaping design of feedback controllers. This algorithm forms the basis of a software tool that has recently been implemented in a commercial product and its use is illustrated for tuning CD controllers on two different industrial paper machines. The first example describes the use of the tool in stabilizing an unstable closed-loop system by retuning the distributed controller. The second paper machine example exposes an underperforming controller. Subsequent retuning of the controller resulted in a dramatic performance improvement.

This paper presents the modeling, analysis, design and experimental validation of a robust sensorless control method for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on extended Kalman filter (EKF). A real-time PMSM and its EKF models in the MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment are developed. The position/speed sensorless control scheme along with the power electronic circuitry is modeled. The performance of the proposed control is assessed and verified for different types of dynamic and static torque loads. The robustness of the sensorless method is demonstrated by starting the motor with different rotor initial positions. The proposed EKF speed/position estimation method is also proved insensitive to the PMSM parameter variations. Proper operations of this EKF based sensorless control method for a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous machine are verified experimentally in the research laboratory at Honeywell.

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs (CpG ODN) are potent adjuvants to protein antigens administered by parenteral or mucosal routes to BALB/c mice. To date, there have been no studies using combined parenteral/mucosal approaches with CpG DNA as adjuvant. In this study we evaluated different parenteral prime-mucosal boost and mucosal prime-parenteral boost strategies using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) alone or with different adjuvants: aluminum hydroxide (alum), cholera toxin (CT), CpG ODN. In addition, since CpG ODN has previously been shown to act synergistically with other adjuvants after parenteral or mucosal delivery, we also evaluated adjuvant combinations: alum+CpG ODN and CT+CpG ODN. The effects of adjuvant and administration strategy on systemic and mucosal humoral responses were measured, as well as cell-mediated immune responses (cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity). These results were compared to parenteral only or mucosal only strategies. Our findings demonstrate that parenteral immunization can prime for mucosal responses even when different lymph nodes were being targeted. HBsAg-specific immune responses (IgG in plasma, cytotoxic T lymphocytes) induced by parenteral prime could all be significantly enhanced by mucosal boosting and despite the fact that intramuscular immunization alone could not induce mucosal IgA, it could prime for a subsequent mucosal boost. In addition, the presence of adjuvant at time of boosting could influence the nature of subsequent immune responses (Th1 vs. Th2). Mice primed intranasally could have their systemic immune responses boosted with a parenteral administration and it was also possible to enhance mucosal responses induced by intranasal prime with an intramuscular boost.

Abstract The Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) is the science module of the Canadian-built Fine Guidance Sensor onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). NIRISS has four observing modes: (1) broadband imaging featuring seven of the eight NIRCam broadband filters, (2) wide-field slitless spectroscopy at a resolving power of ∼150 between 0.8 and 2.2 μ m, (3) single-object cross-dispersed slitless spectroscopy (SOSS) enabling simultaneous wavelength coverage between 0.6 and 2.8 μ m at R ∼ 700, a mode optimized for exoplanet spectroscopy of relatively bright ( J &lt; 6.3) stars and (4) aperture masking interferometry (AMI) between 2.8 and 4.8 μ m enabling high-contrast (∼10 −3 − 10 −4 ) imaging at angular separations between 70 and 400 mas for relatively bright ( M &lt; 8) sources. This paper presents an overview of the NIRISS instrument, its design, its scientific capabilities, and a summary of in-flight performance. NIRISS shows significantly better response shortward of ∼2.5 μ m resulting in 10%–40% sensitivity improvement for broadband and low-resolution spectroscopy compared to pre-flight predictions. Two time-series observations performed during instrument commissioning in the SOSS mode yield very stable spectro-photometry performance within ∼10% of the expected noise. The first space-based companion detection of the tight binary star AB Dor AC through AMI was demonstrated.

Parameter estimation in complex mathematical models is difficult, especially when there are too many unknown parameters to estimate, and the available data for parameter estimation are limited. Estimability analysis ranks parameters from most estimable to least estimable based on the model structure, uncertainties in initial parameter guesses, measurement uncertainties, and experimental settings. Difficulties associated with poor numerical conditioning are avoided by only estimating those parameters that are most estimable. The remaining parameters are left at their initial values or can be removed from the model via simplification. In this paper, a mean squared error (MSE)-based model-selection criterion is used to determine the optimal number of parameters to estimate from the ranked parameter list, so that the most reliable model predictions can be obtained. This methodology is illustrated using a dynamic chemical reactor model.

A new density-functional theory is developed for representing the structural and thermodynamic properties of Lennard-Jones fluids by unifying the modified fundamental measure theory for the short-range repulsion and the first-order mean-spherical approximation (FMSA) via the energy route for the attractive part of the intermolecular potential. This theory significantly improves the conventional mean-field approximation for the attractive forces and is applicable to both bulk and inhomogeneous systems using a single set of molecular parameters. The new theory is computationally very affordable and self-consistent with FMSA for bulk systems. It provides accurate radial distribution function, phase diagram, saturation pressure, and chemical potential of bulk Lennard-Jones fluids except very close to the critical point. In addition, it agrees well with simulation results for inhomogeneous systems including the adsorption isotherms and the density profiles of Lennard-Jones molecules near hard walls as well as in attractive slit pores.

We consider the use of linear time-varying controllers for simultaneous stabilization and performance. We prove that for every finite set of plants, we can design a linear time-varying controller which provides not only closed loop stability, but also near optimal LQR type performance. By adding a mild nonlinearity in the form of a nonlinear delay, we end up with an improved controller which provides near optimal performance for each possible model as well as for the case when the plant changes occasionally.

We present a noncontact method for quantitative composition and thickness monitoring of flat sheet products using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. We apply the method to obtain simultaneous measurement of thickness and moisture content of paper sheets. The paper is modeled as an effective medium of water mixed with fibers, and model parameters are estimated from fits to the measured transmission amplitude. We demonstrate the method on two different paper samples and obtain uncertainties that are comparable with existing sensor technology. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that these uncertainties can be reduced further by at least an order of magnitude.

This paper presents a new class of dual-band filters and diplexers, realized based on dual-band resonators. The proposed dual-band filter and diplexer do not require junctions and can achieve equivalent performance with fewer cavities, thus offering a significant reduction in size compared with traditional approaches. The concept is potentially applicable to most dual-band cavities and is demonstrated in this paper using elliptical and rectangular waveguide cavities. The first design is an inline structure employing elliptical cavities, whereas the second design is implemented through a unique layout that combines the use of dual-band and single-band rectangular cavities. The result is a group of highly compact dual-band filters and diplexers that offer increased Q and an improved spurious-free window. To verify the concept, an eighth-order Ku-band elliptical dual-band filter and a fourth-order Ku-band rectangular diplexer are designed, manufactured, and tested to allow comparisons with traditional designs.