Institut Méditerranéen des Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication

This article is the story of a summer shock, my encounter with the manuscript of a book. And what happened little by little. A fragmented and incomplete narrative. He wanted to see things “irreducible and festive”! That's Bruno Latour's youthful, resonant cry.And so it was, my electroshock when I read “Irréductions”, the second part of “Microbes, War and Peace” « The pasteurization France (1984), on a mediterranean beach in July 1981, under a friendly blue sun, and a breeze for playful sails. In the previous decade, I had already been shaken, oh so much! by a thunderclap in an August-lit sky, by the publication of Anti-Œdipe: 1972. The shock was renewed nine years later with the publication of Mille Plateaux. What a decade and what a world, beginning with the Soviet army's entry into the war in Afghanistan! A living crack in « Communism in action », leading to its collapse. This article also attempts to express the gradual, hesitant emergence of doubt about the effects of insomniac reason. And of the development of “hypercontrol” societies.

The aim of this chapter is to present and comment on the scientific literature on environmental communication published in French. We focused on a part of the so-called “francophonie,” the French-speaking world. The aim is to continue the inquiry started in Catellani, Malibabo and Pascual (2019), in order to present the internal features and dynamic of the research works published in French. This work aims at doing for the French-speaking world what Evans Comfort and Park (2018) have done for the English-speaking production. The main questions of our research are the following: How do we qualify environmental communication in the French-speaking world? What are its particularities? What are the scope and themes of the field? What can be said about it today?

PURPOSE: To investigate which type, frequency, duration, intensity, and volume of chronic exercise might more strongly reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhance anti-inflammatory cytokines in human and animal models with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia. DESIGN: A systematic review. DATA SOURCE: English-language search of 13 electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Sport Discus, Scopus, Cochrane, Psych Net, Springer, ScienceDirect, Pascal & Francis, Sage journals, Pedro, Google Scholar, and Sage. INCLUSION CRITERIA: (i) human and animal studies that included exercise, physical activity, or fitness training as an experimental intervention, (ii) studies that addressed MCI, dementia, or AD, (iii) studies that focused on measuring cytokines and/or other inflammatory and/or neuroinflammatory immune markers, (iii) studies that examined inflammatory indicators in blood, CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid), and brain tissue. RESULTS: Of the 1290 human and animal studies found, 38 were included for qualitative analysis, 11 human articles, 25 animal articles, and two articles addressing both human and animal protocols. In the animal model, physical exercise decreased pro-inflammatory markers in 70.8 % of the articles and anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL -4, IL -10, IL-4β, IL -10β, and TGF-β in 26 % of articles. Treadmill running, resistance exercise, and swimming exercise reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the human model, 53.9 % of items reduced pro-inflammatory proteins and 23 % increased anti-inflammatory proteins. Cycling exercise, multimodal, and resistance training effectively decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION: In rodent animal models with AD phenotype, treadmill, swimming, and resistance training remain good interventions that can delay various mechanisms of dementia progression. In the human model, aerobic, multimodal, and resistance training are beneficial in both MCI and AD. Multimodal training of moderate to high intensity multimodal exercise is effective for MCI. Voluntary cycling training, moderate- or high-intensity aerobic exercise is effective in mild AD patients.

L’ouvrage de Camille Alloing et Julien Pierre présente les premiers résultats d’un programme de recherche qui questionne l’émergence d’une économie numérique des émotions. Cependant, dès l’introduction (pp. 9-16), les auteurs mobilisent un concept plus large, l’affect, qui est selon leur propos « un élément qui circule entre les corps, et certains dispositifs numériques tendent à faciliter cette circulation » (p. 11). À l’aube d’une période où « un mélange s’opère entre le vivant et l’artific...

Le présent article dresse un bilan bibliographique diachronique des recherches publiées en langue française dans le champ de la communication environnementale (articles scientifiques, thèses doctorales et livres). Les auteures retracent d’abord l’émergence de ce champ avant de définir, en deuxième partie, quelques termes cruciaux. Après avoir présenté la méthodologie, elles reconstruisent, dans une troisième partie, le parcours historique du développement des recherches sur la communication environnementale, ce qui leur permet de contribuer à une cartographie des recherches existantes aujourd’hui. Les conclusions portent sur l’état actuel de ce domaine de recherche.

Résumé La presse d’information en ligne ne se déploie pas dans un univers immatériel. La production des contenus et leur mise à la disposition des internautes se fondent sur des dispositifs techniques spécifiques, qui sont mobilisés par les professionnels et servent de supports d’actions comme de cadres contraignants. Le cas du site leParisien.fr montre que les journalistes se servent de ces dispositifs pour coordonner leurs actions et favoriser l’articulation entre différents mondes sociaux (sources d’informations, marketing, internautes, rédaction papier et web). Mais les usages de la technique ne sont que partiellement fixés et restent largement soumis aux conditions organisationnelles et pratiques du travail journalistique.

Le texte proposé dans le numéro 30 de la revue Distance et médiations des savoirs par Daniel Peraya et Claire Peltier (Peraya et Peltier, 2020b) questionne les formes éducatives en l’élargissant au contexte actuel de pandémie. La transformation des modèles et des pratiques de l’ingénierie pédagogique y est abordée de manière centrale. La période actuelle, brutale, semble avoir bouleversé les approches sur les dispositifs de formation avec la mise en place généralisée de cours à distance pour ...

Latour and co-authors proposed, in the Science and Technology Translation theory, to target the many SHS (Social and Human Science) questions addressed by social studies of sciences by considering, in complement to traditional academic matters, the complete social environment (political, economic or societal). Patents obviously are a potential primary information source to do so. We propose to extend this considering that recent changes have evolved in our capacity to do so. We propose three preliminary steps: (a) patent documents as providing a structured information source, (b) a patent database as a technical encyclopedia and (c) the recent expansion of the variety of uses and users in patent domains. We underline, furthermore, that minority research in the academic space does effectively use patent information, especially in SHS compared to other disciplines. We deliver an experiment to estimate the amount of data unconsidered by not questioning the huge database of the European Patent Office. By comparatively considering the terminology of the two branches of the Unesco thesaurus, namely the micro thesauri “Social and Human Sciences" and the “Information and Communication Science” branches, we evaluate a database response to the whole vocabulary. An in-depth analysis of one selected concept will complete the study. Results show that patent information may provide a quantity of documents for a wide range of academic research questions, from strategic to state of the art, and position advances aside from the Social Studies of Science. The free open source tool is also a way to practice digital humanities expected skills on real world corpora.

Since the 1980s, institutional change has become a matter of great interest as economists faced the necessity and the challenge to provide a theory of economic or cultural evolution. Their first reaction was to refer to biology, a field in which theories of evolution have reached a high degree of sophistication. This was all the more legitimate and relevant given that biology has been largely influenced by economics (Schweber 1977, 1980; Gordon 1991; Kresge and Wenar 1994; Depew and Weber 1995). Indeed, the influence of classical political economy on the views of one of the fathers of the modern theory of evolution, Charles Darwin, is widely admitted. Darwin borrowed from economists fundamental ideas such as spontaneous order and methodological individualism (from Adam Smith), the positive role of diversity and variety (from Charles Babbage) and the concept of the struggle for life (from Thomas Malthus). Therefore, the ideas promoted by the founding fathers of political economy, sometimes called “Darwinians before Darwin” (Hayek 1973, p. 23), have shaped Darwin's theory of biological evolution.

La multiplication des débats, des controverses, la signature de chartes et la demande d’application de codes déontologiques sur l’utilisation des arguments écologiques posent question : que signifie cette effervescence autour de la communication sur le développement durable ? Comment analyser ce besoin d’autorégulation sur un sujet encore mineur, mais de plus en prégnant dans la communication des organisations ? Nous proposons de nous interroger sur la prise en compte de la composante « verte » dans la politique d’image des organisations : comment les organisations s’approprient-elles la matrice rhétorique du développement durable ?

The main aim of this paper is to propose thinking tracks of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems based on a “Quintuple Helix” approach that overcomes the competitive partitions by founding a paradigm of “coopetition” and “coopetitiveness” through the “intelligent specialization” with a strong societal and economic impact. Indeed, the dominant vision in most of emerging countries calls the relationship between Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and their actors, exclusively in terms of competitiveness aspects by reproducing identically the North-American models unlinked to the environmental dissimilarities, such as entrepreneurial culture. However, it is important to enquiring about the spatiotemporal adaptability of this model in the emerging countries contexts, particularly through its uninhibited relationship to the concepts of individual success and failure as well as the ecosystems running based mainly on private financing from business angels, crowdfunding and venture capital investors. While the creation of a startup is administratively facilitated, the uncertainties of the environment put its sustainability in a severe test. The causes are numerous, we cite among others, the difficulty of these startups to fit into a multidisciplinary working mode, hence the necessity to integrate them in the value chain of an ecosystem where they answer efficiently to mutualized and specific RD needs. That's why we propose to identify the main barriers to open innovation as well as the catalysts enabling the creation of the integrative entrepreneurial ecosystems. By borrowing the paradigm of the city, we highlight the “urbanized” ecosystem made up of “useful” and “specialized” blocks, integrated in the value chain of this ecosystem. We will show the viability of the proposed tracks through many cases of economic, societal and academic actions undertaken in Algeria in order to setting up a favorable environment of integrative entrepreneurial ecosystems.

The commitment/consistency principle for compliance implies that people act in ways consistent with their previous behavior. Cialdini and Sagarin (2005) have stated that, according to this principle, asking individuals questions to which they would be expected to say “yes” could be associated with achieving greater compliance with a subsequent request. However, this procedure, referred to as the four walls technique, has never been tested experimentally. In this study, we conducted an experiment in which participants were first asked to answer several questions that required “yes” or “no” responses. Then, the participants were asked to comply with an additional request. It was found that saying “yes” several times beforehand is associated with greater compliance with a subsequent request than is saying “no” beforehand or when no first request was made.

Fandom names are one of the first ways for fans as a group to express their taste. As a category of thought, they allow fans to bond with the object and with a community. Within this collective, selecting a name is a performative way to bring the group into existence. It is also a differentiation tool (from other audiences) from which attitudes emerge, making it possible to describe these communities as subcultures. In the digital era, names are the result of collective mobilizations revealing tensions between fans and industries, leading to new ways to assert and present oneself on social networks and media.

Les dernières crises concernant notamment la santé environnementale montrent un nouveau visage de la société civile qui, non seulement s’approprie les sujets les plus techniques et spécialisés, mais devient lanceur d’alerte. Quel est ce nouveau visage de la société civile ? Quel nouvel espace public se dessine ? Nous proposons une relecture communicationnelle des controverses et de la notion d’expert et nous envisageons les notions de crise et de risque, au regard de la portée communicationnelle particulièrement performante des lanceurs d’alerte.

This paper reports on an experiment of using a hybrid pedagogical approach to tackle the challenge of teaching "Information and Communication theories" to students enrolled in Master of Communication and Digital Content at the School of Communication and Journalism of Aix Marseille University in France. The hybrid pedagogical approach combines the classical textual/verbal approach with an arts informed pedagogy, augmented by creative writing and storytelling activities. The fact that the arts-informed approach was not used in isolation but in combination with the traditional textual/verbal approach and creative writing and storytelling activities offered students a wide choice of learning modalities through which they could express themselves. Our preliminary findings suggest that using a hybrid pedagogical approach rather than one single pedagogical approach improved students' understanding of the abstract concepts implied by the communication theories discussed during the lectures. Students illustrated their understanding of these theories by recasting them in various real life or plausible situations during the creative writing activity which we call "Communication Stories" or cStories.

L’évolution des formes éducatives à l’aune de l’intégration des technologies numériques au sein des pratiques pédagogiques intéresse de nombreux chercheurs, mais aussi les décideurs institutionnels. Cet article théorique propose un cadre de référence pour interroger et analyser les perturbations possibles engendrées par l’irruption, dans les pratiques pédagogiques, de pratiques médiatiques issues de la sphère personnelle. Considérée comme forme sociale de référence, la forme scolaire permet de définir et de décrire la forme universitaire sous l’angle de quatre dimensions constitutives. Plusieurs niveaux de changements de nature et d’intensité différentes sont envisagés pour apprécier les transformations qui peuvent s’opérer à partir de l’intégration de nouveaux dispositifs médiatiques et de l’effacement des frontières entre les sphères sociales caractéristiques des pratiques communicationnelles d’aujourd’hui.

International audience

Il est observable depuis quelques années des diffusions en streaming de parties de jeu de rôle sur table. Le streaming, tel que nous l’entendons en tant qu’activité culturelle, se distingue des autres formes de diffusion de contenus vidéo en ligne par son haut niveau d’interaction qui en fait un canal communicationnel plus complet. Ce dispositif permet notamment aux spectateurs d’interagir entre eux mais aussi parfois avec les créateurs de contenus, et ce, souvent en temps réel. Ce faisant, le streaming étend à une audience les cadres de participation ainsi que les plans de présence du jeu de rôle papier. En intégrant le spectateur dans l’action ludique de manière toujours plus interactive, le streaming redéfinit l’espace de jeu dont les frontières peuvent parfois devenir ténues et poreuses avec le hors-jeu. Finalement, les logiques du jeu de rôle sur table se voient fréquemment repensées pour répondre aux nouveaux enjeux médiatiques.

We introduce CoOPLAaGE, a meta-strategy and the related toolbox, supporting effective transformation in multi-level hydro-social systems, through participatory decision and implementation. Building on a set of international and diverse case studies over 15 years (Daniell et al., 2010)(Emeline Hassenforder, Ferrand, Pittock, Daniell, & Barreteau, 2015)(Legrand, Ducrot, Van Paassen, Monteiro, & Rousseau, 2014; Pommerieux, Bourblanc, & Ducrot, 2014)(Ferrand, Hassenforder, Ducrot, Barreteau, & Abrami, 2013)(Magombeyi, Rollin, & Lankford, 2008), selected principles, methods and tools have been improved and harmonized to support transformative processes at all governance and operations' scales. (Re-)Coupling scales, sectors, actors and perspectives, issues, methods, decision' steps is a complex challenge, with technical, social, procedural, methodological dimensions (see e.g. Saravanan, Mcdonald, & Mollinga, 2009). Through an integration and implementation focus, it can enhance the efficiency of public intervention and the mutual benefit from all actors' efforts. In this note, we summarize the key principles and expose an overview of this strategy. We develop the different components of CoOPLAaGE: PrePar for participatory engineering of decision procedures, SMAG for baseline governance assessment, Just-A-Grid for distributive justice dialogue, Wat-A-Game for participatory modeling and simulation, CooPlan for participatory planning, ENCORE-ME for monitoring and evaluation and Scoolplaage for capacity building.

Les citoyens deplorent de plus en plus les mauvaises nouvelles rapportees par les journalistes, et expriment une defiance envers les medias. Pour repondre a ces attentes, des redactions se lancent dans le journalisme de solutions, le « sojo ». Quelle est son histoire, quelles sont ses caracteristiques, quels sont les medias qui l’ont adopte et pourquoi ? « Ne pas masquer les mauvaises nouvelles, mais redonner leur juste place aux informations enthousiastes, aux reussites, au developpement de l’humanite », c’est ainsi que Pauline Amiel decrit le « sojo » : il a pour ambition de traiter une question de societe en presentant les solutions potentielles pour la resoudre. Voila un moyen de federer les journalistes autour de pratiques exigeantes, proches de l’investigation, et de tenter de regagner la confiance du lectorat. Le sujet est traite sous l’angle operationnel, oriente metier. Complete d’interviews des pionniers de la pratique, l’ouvrage propose une boite a outils pour le journaliste de solutions : quels sujets aborder, ou chercher ses sources, comment construire son article, son interview…