Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety

In this paper we present results from measurements of prompt $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from the thermal neutron induced fission of ${}^{235}$U. Photons were measured in coincidence with fission fragments with cerium-doped LaCl${}_{3}$ and LaBr${}_{3}$ as well as CeBr${}_{3}$ scintillation detectors, which offer an intriguing combination of excellent timing resolution and good resolving power. The spectra measured with all employed detectors are in excellent agreement with respect to their shapes. Characteristic parameters were extracted for a $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-energy range from 0.1 to 6.0 MeV and the results obtained with several detectors were averaged. From that, the average emission yield of prompt-fission $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays was determined to be ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=(8.19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11)$ per fission, the average energy per photon to be ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=(0.85\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02)$ MeV, and the total energy to be ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma},\mathrm{tot}}=(6.92\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09)$ MeV. The uncertainties are much lower than the 7.5$%$ requested for the modeling of advanced nuclear reactor cores. Estimating the influence of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays with energies between 6 and 10 MeV on the values determined in this work revealed a negligible deviation of the order of the found uncertainties.

In this paper we present results from the first high-precision prompt-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectral measurements from the reaction $^{241}\mathrm{Pu}$(${n}_{\mathrm{th}}$, $f$). Apart from one recent experiment, no data are reported in the literature for this fissioning system, which motivated a new dedicated experiment. We have measured prompt-fission $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays with three cerium-doped $\mathrm{La}{\mathrm{Br}}_{3}$ (two $5.08\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{cm}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5.08$ cm and one $7.62\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{cm}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7.62$ cm) and one $\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{Br}}_{3}$ ($5.08\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{cm}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5.08$ cm) scintillation detectors, which all exhibit excellent timing and good energy resolution. The average $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray multiplicity was determined to be ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=(8.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09)$ per fission, the average energy to be ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=(0.78\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01)$ MeV, and the total energy to be ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma},\text{tot}}=(6.41\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06)$ MeV as the weighted average from all detectors. Since the results from all detectors are in excellent agreement, and the total released $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ energy is modestly higher than the one in the present evaluated nuclear data files, we suspect that the underestimation of the prompt-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ heating in nuclear reactors is due to fast-neutron-induced fission on $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ or rather from fission induced by $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from neutron capture in the construction material.

Abstract A distinctive feature of oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys and steels, which provides a significant increase in heat resistance in comparison with traditional materials, is a significant number of homogeneously distributed nanoscale inclusions (oxides and clusters). For detailed characterization of such materials, a set of techniques is used, such as transmission electron microscopy, atom probe tomography, as well as small-angle scattering of X-rays and neutrons. The latter techniques make it possible to analyze the largest volume of material, while maintaining the ability to detect various nanoscale features. Since ferritic-martensitic oxide dispersion-strengthened steels are ferromagnetic materials, magnetic scattering has to be taken into account in the processing of small-angle neutron scattering data. The nanostructure of ferritic-martensitic oxide dispersion-strengthened steels with different alloying systems (different content of Cr, V, W, Al, and Zr) is investigated by small-angle neutron scattering. A comparison of the results of the study of the nanostructure of steels (oxide particles and clusters) in the ferromagnetic state with and without magnetic scattering is carried out. It is shown that oxide particles have a significantly higher magnetic contrast in comparison with nanoscale clusters. At the same time, the most accurate hardness values can be obtained by taking into consideration of both oxide inclusions and clusters.

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X24120044

Kisebbsgekrl szlva, s a polcokrl szabadon vlogatva is "kupacolsra", csoportos tematikus tagolsra ksztetett az ember. Sosem mindegy, mit mi utn ismernk meg, mi fell vezet megrtsi t a jelensgekhez -de ha nagyobb tmacsoportok lennnek is hivalkod tmegben, mg gy is vlogatni knyszerlnk, ha ppen

Vizsgálatainkat a Szent István Egyetemhez tartozó Babatvölgyi Biokertészet Tanüzem által a rendelkezésünkre bocsátott 1,4 ha területű táblán végeztük, amelynek felében alakor, felében tönke került elvetésre. Ezen belül hat eltérő tápanyagadottságú parcella került kijelölésre, amelyekben növényszám, növénymagasság, kalászhossz, bokrosodás és gyomborítottság mérését végeztük el. Az aratást követően szintén ezen parcellákra felosztva terméstömeg, szem-szalma arány és ezermagtömeg vizsgálatát is elvégeztük. Az eredményeken SPSS programmal lineáris regresszió segítségével megvizsgáltuk, hogy milyen összefüggés lehet a növény tulajdonságai és a tápanyagok mennyisége között.

The European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund, Sweden will become the world's most powerful thermal neutron source. The Macromolecular Diffractometer (NMX) at the ESS requires three 51.2 x 51.2~cm$^{2}$ detectors with reasonable detection efficiency, sub-mm spatial resolution, a narrow point spread function (PSF) and good time resolution. This work presents measurements with the improved version of the NMX detector prototype consisting of a Triple-GEM detector with natural Gd converter and a low material budget readout. The detector was successfully tested at the neutron reactor of the Budapest Neutron Centre (BNC) and at the D16 instrument at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) in Grenoble. The measurements with Cadmium and Gadolinium masks in Budapest demonstrate that the point spread function of the detector lacks long tails that could impede the measurement of diffraction spot intensities. On the D16 instrument at ILL, diffraction spots from Triose phosphate isomerase w/ 2-phosphoglycolate (PGA) inhibitor were measured both in the D16 Helium-3 detector and the Gd-GEM. The comparison between the two detectors show a similar point spread function in both detectors, and the expected efficiency ratio compared to the Helium-3 detector. Both measurements together thus give good indications that the Gd-GEM detector fits the requirements for the NMX instrument at ESS.

A „Szentendrei Ökosziget – Fenntartható életmódra ösztönző komplex térségfejlesztési mintaprogram” című VM-VKSZI megállapodás keretében 2012 tavaszán elkészült a Szentendrei-sziget „Öko-sziget” Stratégiája, mely projektszinten nevesítette az Önkormányzat által, üzemeltetett kertészet kialakítása feladatot. Ennek lehatárolását és részletes kidolgozását végeztük el Szigetmonostor településen. A megvalósíthatósági terv tartalmazza a terület kiválasztását, a közkonyha igényeinek felmérését, a kertészet főbb terveit üzemeltetési, gazdasági számításokkal, valamint a tartósításhoz szükséges beruházási igényeket. A terv készítése során a környezetgazdálkodás és az ökológiai gazdálkodás szempontjaira, az egészséges élelmiszer előállításra és a vízbázis védelmére különösen nagy hangsúlyt fektettünk.