Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Science S.A. Lebedev

The current research aims to develop a hybrid metal matrix composition that focuses on the nickel alloy and its thermal properties. The different temperature ranges are used to analyze the function of MMCs such as thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion. This paper addresses the thermal properties obtained from a series of Al2O3 and TiO2 reinforced nickel alloy (ASTM A494 M), with dispersed particle sizes ranging from 40-45 microns of Al2O3 and 1-5 microns of TiO2. The quantity of the Al2O3 addition varies from 3-12 weight % and 9 weight % of TiO2 unvarying in the stages of three weight percentages. The microstructural investigation states that, because of the stir casting on the vortex, the distribution of reinforcements is uniform with a strong bond. With the increase in Al2O3 and TiO2 content in HMMCs, a thermal property is found to diminish significantly. The results indicate that the reinforcements have a major effect on the thermal expansion coefficient as well as on the thermal conductivity of the hybrid composites being produced. Various types of microstructural have been performed using electron microscopy scanning and EDAX. The limited examination of the exhaust valve of the I C engine shows that the nickel combination composites can be utilized as a substitute for the present valve material (Ni-Cr alloy steel). All tests acted in this investigation meet ASTM specifications.

The main aim of the project is to analyze the thermal properties by varying geometry, material and thickness of cylinder fins. Parametric models of cylinder with fins have been developed to predict the transient thermal behavior. The models are created by varying the geometry, rectangular, circular and curved shaped fins and also by varying thickness of the fins. The 3D modeling software used is Pro/Engineer.The analysis is done using ANSYS. Presently Material used for manufacturing cylinder fin body is Aluminum Alloy 204 which has thermal conductivity of 110-150W/mk. We are analyzing the cylinder fins using this material and also using Aluminum alloy 6061 and Magnesium alloy which have higher thermal conductivities.

<p>Meta Heuristic methods have made a deep impact in the area of optimization in different streams of engineering. The performance of these algorithms is of importance because the hardware implementation of these algorithms is to be carried out for different engineering applications. As an important application in High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission and Industrial Drives the multilevel inverter fault diagnosis is carried out using the different meta-heuristic methods with Neural Network as the decision making algorithm. The optimization of the weight and the bias values in the neural network diagnosis system is carried out in order to analyze the performance by means of comparing the Mean Square Error (MSE) while the Neural Network is getting trained for different fault conditions in the multilevel inverter. Matlab based implementation is carried out and the results are tabulated and inferred for a Multilevel Inverter fed from the Photovoltaic power generation system. In order to increase the robustness of the fault detection, with renewable energy based power generation system as the source for the Multilevel Inverter, the feature extracted from the multilevel inverter are positive, negative and zero sequence voltage along with the THD of the output voltage. The optimization algorithm used is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Cuckoo Search Algorithm(CSA), Genetic Algorithm(GA) and Tabu Search Algorithm (TSA).</p>

Aluminium metal foams offer low density (∼10–15% of bulk material) possessing cellular structure that ensures unique features with high stiffens, better energy absorption, thermal and acoustic properties. Selection of different foaming agents for preparing AA6061 foam samples are indeed an industrial relevance for better control over porosity and its dimensions, strengths (tensile, flexural and compression) useful for distinguished applications. Three foaming agents such as wax powder, magnesium hydroxide, and titanium hydride are selected with varying 3–9 weight percentage to prepare metal foams viz. powder metallurgy technique. For the prepared foam samples the percentage porosity, pore dimensions (maximum pore size, and equivalent diameter) and strengths were examined. Wax powder foaming agent resulted with a maximum strength in foam samples compared to magnesium hydroxide and titanium hydride. Scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed that there is no evidence of foreign elements and confirm uniform distribution of porosity in the foam samples.

Cooling towers are the biggest heat and mass transfer devices that are in widespread use.In this paper we use a natural draft counter flow cooling tower in investigating the performance of cooling tower in different seasons.The humidity is defined as water particles present in air.The humidity is the major factor in the atmosphere, it depends upon ambient temperature.Humidity is high in winter season and low in summer season.The performance of the natural draft cooling tower is dominated by wind speed, ambient air temperatures and humidity in the atmospheric conditions.When the humidity is high in atmosphere, large quantity of water is required for cooling condensate.When humidity is low in atmosphere, small quantity of water is required for cooling condensate.The value of relative humidity in the atmosphere varies from place to place and season.The different losses in the cooling tower such as drift losses, evaporation losses and blow down losses can be calculated.The maintenance of cooling tower in the form of removal of scale or corrosion plays important role in the performance of the tower.The performance of the natural draft cooling tower of 500 MW is evaluated.

Abstract In remote areas the sun is a cheap source of electricity because instead of hydraulic generators it uses solar cells to produce electricity. But the output of solar cells depends on the intensity of sunlight and the angle of incidence. It means to get maximum efficiency; the solar panels must remain in front of the sun during the whole day. But due to the rotation of the earth, those panels can’t maintain their position always in front of the sun. This problem results in a decrease of their efficiency. So, to get a constant output, an automated system is to be required which should be capable to constantly rotate the solar panel. Automatic sun tracking system with photovoltaic plate to improve the efficiency of solar power generation was helpful to solve the problem, mentioned above. It is completely automatic and keeps the panel in front of the sun until that is visible. The unique feature of this system is that instead of taking the earth as its reference, it takes the sun as a guiding source. Its active sensors constantly monitor the sunlight and rotate the panel towards the direction where the intensity of sunlight is at maximum with the help of DC motor

An attempt has been made to study the dry sliding wear behaviour of Aluminium based hybrid composites in room temperature.Al 2219 is used as base material with B 4 C and MoS 2 as reinforcements. The hybrid composite were prepared by conventional stir casting technique. The dry sliding wear test were carried out for various parameters like sliding distance, applied load and sliding speed. The Optical Microscope and SEM results showed the presence of B 4 C and MoS 2 , which are fairly uniform and randomly dispersed on matrix material.XRD analysis, shown the presence of B 4 C and MoS 2 phases in the prepared composites.The incorporation of reinforcement particles B 4 C and MoS 2 reduces the specific wear rate of composites. The addition of MoS 2 as a secondary reinforcement has significant effect on reducing specific wear rate of prepared composites. By using SEM worn surface of hybrid composites were studied.

The glass epoxy polymer composites are broadly used in various engineering fields because of outstanding properties. Even if, these composites are produced as near net shapes, the machining has to be carried out in the last stage of manufacture. Drilling is used to install the fasteners for assembly of laminates, but drilling of composites is somewhat complex task owing to exceedingly abrasive nature of reinforcement. Hence the choice of optimal process parameters is essential for successful machining performance. This paper illustrates the application of simulated annealing (SA) approach for simultaneous minimization of various machinability aspects such as thrust force, hole surface roughness and specific cutting coefficient during drilling of glass epoxy polymer composites. The experiments were performed as per full factorial design (FFD) for glass epoxy composites (without filler) and silicon carbide (SiC) filled glass epoxy composites materials. The mathematical models of proposed machinability characteristics were constructed using response surface methodology (RSM) with spindle speed and feed as controllable factors. The experimental investigation indicates that the SiC filled glass epoxy composite provides better machinability compared to glass epoxy composite without the addition of filler. The proposed machinability models were then utilized with SA to select the optimal parameters such as spindle speed and feed, which results in minimal thrust force, hole surface roughness and specific cutting coefficient.

In this present era, the technology in advanced construction has developed to a very large extent. Some parts of the constructions are still in the improving stage which includes Cooling tower Construction. Hyperbolic cooling towers are large, thin shell reinforced concrete structures which Contribute to power generation efficiency, reliability, and to environmental protection. Cooling towers use evaporation of water to eject heat from processes such as cooling the circulating water used in oil refineries and in power plants. Nowadays in many thermal power plants, we can see the Cooling tower. So, preserving this industrial structure is an effort to save the cooling tower from dangerous earthquakes. The present-day cooling towers are exceptional structures in view of their sheer size and complexities. Present paper deals with the study of dynamic response that is modal analysis, seismic analysis of the two different cooling towers varying the H/t ratio and thicknesses with fixity at the base boundary condition, and the soil is modelled as raft for the effect of soil-structure interaction using the direct approach. In this paper, hyperbolic cooling towers are modelled using Ansys software, which is a Finite element Software. Results show that the soil-structure interaction effect significantly modifies the earthquake behavior of Hyperbolic Cooling towers.

The present framework addresses Darcy-Forchheimer steady incompressible magneto hydrodynamic hyperbolic tangent fluid with deferment of dust particles over a stretching surface along with exponentially decaying heat source. To control the thermal boundary layer Convective conditions are considered. Appropriate transformations were utilized to convert partial differential equations (PDEs) into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (NODEs). To present numerical approximations Runge-Kutta Fehlberg integration is implemented. Computational results of the flow and energy transport are interpreted for both fluid and dust phase with the support of graph and table illustrations. It is found that non-uniform inertia coefficient of porous medium decreases velocity boundary layer thickness and enhances thermal boundary layer. Improvement in Weissenberg number improves the velocity boundary layer and declines the thermal boundary layer.

An attempt has been made to develop and characterize the Al2219 reinforced with Boron carbide (B 4 C) and Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) hybridcomposites. The hybrid composites were prepared by using stir casting technique. Theexperimentalresult evaluates the density,micro hardness test & tensiletest.Themicrostructure shows existence of randomly dispersed reinforcement particles andfine reinforcement particles in prepared hybrid composites.X-Ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis were conducted this confirms the physical content of constituents present in prepared composites. SEM is used to examine fracture surface of tensile specimens for hybrid composites & this consists of ductile& brittle fracture of mixed mode.The test results revels that, themicro hardness and density is minimum for Al2219 and maximum for Al+3%B 4 C+5%MoS 2. The tensile properties of the material vary according to the percentage of reinforcing material added.

The objective of the paper is to obtain an optimal setting of CNC machining process parameters, cutting speed, feed rate resulting in optimal values of the feed and radial forces while machining P -20 tool steel and EN31B with TiN coated tungsten carbide inserts. The effects of the selected process parameters on the chosen characteristics and the subsequent optimal settings of the parameters have been accomplished using Taguchi's parameter design approach.The process parameters considered are -Cutting speed 3000rpm, 2500rpm and 2000rpm. Feed rate 200mm/min, 300mm/min and 400mm/min and depth of cut is 0.2mm.The effect of these parameters on the feed force, radial force are considered for analysis.The analysis of the results shows that the optimal settings for low values of feed and radial forces are high cutting speed, low feed rate and depth of cut.The thrust force and feed force are also taken experimentally using dynamometer for above Cutting speeds, feed rate and depth of cut. The optimal values for speed, feed rate and depth of cut are taken using Taguchi technique.Taguchi methods are statistical methods developed by Genichi Taguchi to improve the quality of manufactured goods, and more recently also applied to, engineering, biotechnology, marketing and advertising.Process used in this project is milling process. Machine selected is Vertical milling center. Machine model selected is BFW Agni 45. Modeling is done in Pro/Engineer and analysis is done in ANSYS.

The utilization of nanoparticle filled composite materials in many different engineering fields has undergone a tremendous increase. Accordingly, the need for accurate machining of composites has increased enormously. In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess the factors influencing surface roughness on the machining of nanocomposites and base composites. The Taguchi L16 experimental design concept has been used for experimentation. The drilling experiments were conducted considering spindle speed, drill tool diameter, and feed rate as machining parameters. The empirical model was developed based on the input parameters. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) established the relation between predicted and experimental values. The regression model was found to be within the level of confidence with greater accuracy indicated by R 2 value. The addition of Nanoclay and Graphene as fillers in the matrix improved the surface roughness of the hole. Feed rate and spindle speed were found to be the significant factors of machining and Graphene reinforced composites had better surface finish.

In these days, natural fiber and its composites are gaining more interest and utilization of biofibers has increased because of growing concern towards economic, environmental and conservation issues. The present study investigates, Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and chemical resistance properties on the coconut leaf sheath (CLS) reinforced Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) composites. Naturally woven coconut leaf sheath composites were prepared in both NaOH treated and untreated forms with volume fraction of 60% of sheath and 40% of Phenol Formaldehyde resin. CLS were chemically treated using 5% of NaOH and composite boards were made using a hydraulic hot press at 140°C. FTIR test was conducted for both treated and untreated CLS fiber composites. And it was found that, due to chemical treatment of fibers reduction in lignin and hemicellulose content was observed. The chemical resistance of alkali treated and untreated CLS composites were measured by chemical absorption and chemical thickness swelling methods. Treated and untreated composite samples were then placed in 1N of saline, Hcl, HNO 3 and H 2 SO 4 separately. It is also observed that, saline and Hcl have been absorbed more in case of untreated composites and HNO 3 and H 2 SO 4 is absorbed more in treated composites. These tests were done to know that, these composites can be used in manufacturing products which gives better chemical resistance.

Today, many manufacturing process requires that spaces to be designed to control particulate and microbial contamination while maintaining clean room facility with reasonable installation and operating costs. Clean room facilities are typically used in manufacturing, packaging and research facilities associated with these industries: Semiconductor, Pharmaceutical, Hospitals, Aerospace and Miscellaneous applications. This project deals with "Design, Installation and Commissioning of Clean room and HVAC facility for Stem cell technologies and Regenerative Medicine". In this thesis, the system design thermal loads , filtration level and cleanness, pressures produced in the constructed building by varying normal brick wall ,brick wall with attached panels are calculated..Clean rooms are designed as per ISO14644-4 guidelines to maintain proper air flow in order to used proper cleanness. The HVAC facility shall be achieved by using the equipments like Air cooled condensing unit, Air handling units and etc..As a First step towards the project, the system design load calculations will be done. Air Quantity calculation, Supply/Return air Diffusers, Return Air Risers and Terminal filters selection, Temperature, RH, Lighting and Fan requirements are as per attached design data sheets. The classes of cleanliness, filtration and other requirements are to be as per the room list, layout drawings .The minimum fresh air quantities shall be as per the basis of design above while the exhaust air quantities shall be as based on the quantities of the leakages and pressures to be maintained in the rooms and Also the leakage rates considered through the doors to be through the doors to be through a normal single leaf door or double leaf door for the suggested pressure differentials to be suitably considered.

This examination manages the impact of magnetic field on the flow and heat transport of an incompressible Carreau liquid over an extending sheet with particle fluid suspension. The significant conditions are first improved under regular boundary layer suppositions, and afterward changed into conventional differential conditions by reasonable transformations. The changed conventional nonlinear differential conditions which are explained numerically by Matlab bvp4c package. The impacts of specific parameters on the dimensionless velocity and temperature are exhibited in graphical structures.

In this study, B 4 C and MoS 2 were taken as reinforcements and Al2219 as matrix material. The hybrid MMC’s were produced by stir casting technique and Mechanical,Tribological properties of aluminium metal matrix hybrid composites was studied. K 2 TiF 6 halide salt with 0.4Ti/B 4 C ratio were taken to improve the wettablity of composites.The hybrid composites were characterized by using SEM and XRD.The result reviles that, the fairly distribution of B 4 Cp and MoS 2 right through the image and no clustering can be seen.XRD pattern shows the occurrence of B 4 C and MoS 2 in prepared composites. The Physical and Mechanical properties were determined for Al2219 and hybrid composites. Micro Vickers Hardness of matrix material is low and for hybrid composite is high. Ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of prepared hybrid composites is low when compared to Al2219; it is generally due to crack propagation and particle pull out of MoS 2 particle.The dry sliding wear behavior were examine by pin-on disc tribometer for different sliding velocities and test result reviles the specific wear rate is minimum for 1.26 m/s and maximum for 6.30 m/s, as the sliding velocity increases the specific wear rate increases. Tensile fractured surface and worn surface pin samples of Al2219 and hybrid MMC’s were examine using SEM micrograph

Current industrial robots are made very heavy to achieve high Stiffness which increases the accuracy of their motion.However this heaviness limits the robot speed and in masses the required energy to move the system.The requirement for higher speed and better system performance makes it necessary to consider a new generation of light weight manipulators as an alternative to today's massive inefficient ones.Light weight manipulators require Less energy to move and they have larger payload abilities and more maneuverability.However due to the dynamic effects of structural flexibility, their control is much more difficult.Therefore, there is a need to develop accurate dynamic models for design and control of such systems.This project presents the flexibility and Kineto -Elasto dynamic analysis of robot manipulator considering deflection.Based on the distributed parameter method, the generalized motion equations of robot manipulator with flexible links are derived.The final formulation of the motion equations is used to model general complex elastic manipulators with nonlinear rigid-body and elastic motion in dynamics and it can be used in the flexibility analysis of robot manipulators and spatial mechanisms.Manipulator end-effector path trajectory, velocity and accelerations are plotted.Joint torques is to be determined for each joint trajectory (Dynamics) .Using joint torques, static loading due to link's masses, masses at joints, and payload, the robot arms elastic deformations are to be found by using ANSYS-12.0software package.Elastic compensation is inserted in coordinates of robotic programming to get exact end-effectors path.A comparison of paths trajectory of the end-effector is to be plotted.Also variation of torques is plotted after considering elastic compensation.These torque variations are included in the robotic programming for getting the accurate endeffect or's path trajectory.

With a long coastal border of about 7500 Kms, India would need an efficient option of hybrid power generation in the coastal region. Abundant availability of wave power and sunlight due to its closeness to equator makes it clear base for power generation from wave generator and the solar power. This paper develops the implementation, which combines both the wave generator and the PV array for a hybrid power delivery controlled using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference Engine (ANFIS) controller. The super capacitor is used for higher efficiency compared to batteries. It absorbs power and delivers power fast, where it is more important in wave generation as the power and voltage is not stable. The power delivery improvement in this hybrid system while different controllers like the PI and the ANFIS controller is analysed. There is a higher power delivery improvement when ANFIS controller is chosen.

Non-linear static analysis serves as a suitable measure to evaluate the performance of a structural system. The careful selection of the load pattern is critical to arrive at an adequate performance evaluation. These force distributions do not represent the exact effects of varying dynamic characteristics during the inelastic response or the influence of higher modes. Hence, meticulous consideration must be given in choosing a certain load pattern. The present analysis seeks to evaluate and compare the response of an eight-story reinforced concrete structure by applying load patterns prescribed by several guidelines using Etabs 18.1.1. The results indicate with acute clarity that, in all cases, the shape of the lateral load distribution is what the response of the building is finely accustomed to. This is especially true when different patterns of load are considered and analyzed. The first mode is found to be predominant, and higher modes are negligible.