Institute of World Economics and Politics

Abstract Responsible research and innovation (RRI) represents a new evolving approach to governing research and innovation that takes into account potential impacts on the environment and society. Most published studies on RRI focus on the social benefits of research and innovation through examining RRI's definitions and approaches for its implementation. In contrast, the present study addresses the influence of RRI on economic growth, and discusses the situations in which RRI will benefit economies. Our study finds that for its implementation to be successful, RRI needs to meet certain conditions, and that its implementation is not always beneficial to economic growth. To achieve a better result from RRI as part of an innovation policy, each country should balance the push and pull power of RRI to make sure that it becomes a building block rather than a stumbling block for innovation, economic growth and social welfare. To assure that RRI can be successfully implemented, China needs to strengthen and improve the participation mechanisms for stakeholders in major scientific and technological innovative activities.

Abstract We study how the contracting environment affects the quality of trade. A better contracting environment not only induces specialisations in industries intensively using customised inputs, but also causes quality upgrading of domestic varieties and tougher competition in these industries. We incorporate these effects into a Ricardian model with customised input and product quality. Our model predicts that better judicial quality raises a country’s import prices and quality more in contract-intensive products, but has no impacts on its export prices or quality. We empirically confirm these predictions and find that rising judicial quality is associated with increasing specialisations in contract-intensive industries.

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Abstract:Jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) is an ornamental crop grown in South and Southeast Asia for its<br> flowers for garlands, tea and essential oil production. However, certain fungal foliar and floral diseases<br> significantly reduce its yield. In this study, Colletotrichum sp.-like (cylindrical conidia) and Fusarium sp.-<br> like (lunate conidia) isolates causing leaf spot disease were characterized based on the ingression process<br> and fungal germination in planta. Four-day single-spore cultures in PDA of isolating C1 (Colletotrichum<br> sp.-like) and F2 (Fusarium sp.-like) were obtained. Suspensions of 108 conidia mL-1 were made and sprayed<br> onto young leaves of jasmine. Specimen collection was done at 2, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h after<br> inoculation (hai). Formalin-acetic acid was used to clear the tissues and fungal structures are selectively<br> stained using lactophenol-acid fuschin. Average ingression sites (IS) were counted for each time point under<br> 50X magnification, then IS per leaf area (cm2) was calculated. Fungal isolates remain at the surface of the<br> leaf until 36 h. IS of C1 and F2 almost doubled at 48 hai. However, ingression sites declined at 72 hai for<br> both pathogens, which either imply a progression of sub surface colonization or unsuccessful penetration.<br> Leaf yellowing and a few spots were observed at 48 hai for F2 and at 60 hai for C1. More severe necrotic<br> leaf spots with yellow halo (severity rating of 5) were seen in plants inoculated with Fusarium sp.-like<br> isolated than in those inoculated with Colletotrichum sp.-like isolated. Lastly, at 48 to 60 hai, it was evident<br> that the pathogen started to seek for stomata, which seemed to be the preferred penetration site for both<br> fungal pathogens.