Intel (United Arab Emirates)

This paper investigates the relationships between job satisfaction, individual job facets, socio‐demographic variables and job performance in the Lebanese commercial banking sector. The sample consists of 202 employees from nine commercial banks. The results indicate that job satisfaction is not independent in all job facets and that satisfaction with one facet might lead to satisfaction with another. Female employees were found to be less satisfied with all facets except pay. Those with lower educational qualifications were least satisfied. Self‐reported job performance was found to increase with tenure.

Abstract Since the start of the twentieth century more than 550 commercially significant oil and gas fields have been discovered in the Middle East. Most of the fields have more than one pay zone and produce from shallow-water carbonates and clastics that range in age from Infracambrian to Oligo-Miocene. A providential juxtaposition of source-reservoir-seal, migration history and trapping mechanism has lead to the entrapment of hydrocarbons throughout the Phanerozoic strata of the Middle East. Each occurrence shares some characteristics but each also has unique features. The geographic occurrence of hydrocarbons in the region reflects the original facies variations across the depositional shelf and basin and the tectonic history of basement faults and halokinetic activity. The evaluation and integration of these critical variables, together with an appreciation of the maturation, migration history and trapping mechanisms, drives the search for new fields. The continued discovery of new fields proves that the region has not yielded all its treasure and stimulates future exploration. Although evidence for orogenic deformation is lacking in the Middle East, epeirogenic warping is common. The latter is attributed to the reactivation of basement faults, and evaporite structures and flow at depth. A prominent sedimentary and erosional break, locally marked by eroded Hercynian unconformities, followed an important Late Palaeozoic epeirogenic uplift. Similarly, Mesozoic sedimentary fill is broken by a major change in tectonic and depositional regimes, and numerous unconformities thought to be primarily controlled by high-frequency fluctuations in eustatic sea level and a low uniform rate of tectonic movement. Late Cretaceous and Tertiary events followed the collision and partial subduction of the east and southeastern margin of the Arabian Plate and involved vertical epeirogenic uplift of the resulting folded and thrusted gravity features. Vast areas of the Middle East Basin have yet to be extensively drilled. Although the long-lived stability of the shelf has influenced the development of the giant oil pools, and to some extent reduced the potential for stratigraphic traps, it has not eliminated the potential for smaller structures and the exploration for new oil and gas reserves. Future exploration is expected to focus on the discovery of smaller structures and subtle traps revealed by analysis of existing geological data and special seismic processing. Exploration will involve extensive regional and local geological–sedimentological studies, 3D or 4D seismic surveys and drilling progrmmes, and proposed better petroleum system model(s) for each basin (or sub-basin).

ABSTRACT The Paleozoic sedimentary section of the Arabian plate recorded the effects of numerous fluctuations in sea level and gentle epeirogenic movements. Eustatic changes in sea level over the Arabian plate resulted in transgressions and regressions and created many local and regional unconformity surfaces, identified by missing section and nondeposition. The distant deformation of the Caledonian tectonic orogeny and mountain building of the North Atlantic region, and the later Hercynian tectonic event, are partially responsible for eustatic sea-level changes. Additionally, detailed evidence of Paleozoic glacial erosion and glacial eustasy in the regressive sedimentary section over uplifted paleohighs comes from deep wells penetrating local exotic tectonic blocks. The resulting surfaces mark the sea-level falls associated with the glacial events in the Ordovician, Late Devonian, and Carboniferous–early Permian sediments. The depositional settings of the Cambrian–upper Permian rocks include deltaic and glacial settings and are expressed as alluvial–fluvial fans that grade into braided plains and shallow-marine carbonates flanked by distal shales. Late Permian sediment fill accompanied the development of widespread accommodation, resulting from a major sea-level rise, coinciding with a major period of carbonate–evaporite deposition, in which clastic sediments were only a minor factor. The regional sedimentary facies have good reservoir quality and are juxtaposed to regional source rocks and seals associated with both structural and minor stratigraphic traps. Production occurs in Precambrian through Permian strata in which mature clastic and shallow-water carbonate reservoirs occur, commonly sealed by shales, and sourced by Silurian hot shales or older source rocks in the section.

Major global events during the Oligocene epoch included a climatic change from warm “greenhouse” to a cooler “icehouse” that was accompanied by the onset of Antarctic glaciation. These events led to decline in water temperature, salinity, nutrient supply and oxygen levels, and the extinction of some major fauna and flora. Within the study area, during this epoch, the shrinkage of the Neotethys and the development of the Paratethys, the collision of Arabia with Eurasia and the development of the Zagros mountains and opening of the Red Sea which led eventually to the separation of Arabia from Africa were witnessed. Oligocene sediments are absent from most parts of the Arabian Plate but are well-preserved in western and southwestern Iran. The most well-developed strata are the coral reefs of the Kirkuk Group in northern Iraq and the shallow water carbonates of the Asmari Formation in southwestern Iran. The study area also represents the birthplace of commercial hydrocarbons production in the Middle East from these sediments in Masjid-i-Sulaiman Field in Iran and Kirkuk Field in Iraq at the first decade of the last century. Future exploration for hydrocarbons potential should focus on identifying subsurface coral buildups or clastic strata that are equivalent to the Asmari Formation in Iran.

ABSTRACT Characterizing carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East remains a persistent challenge due to pronounced heterogeneity, complex diagenetic overprints, and facies variability associated with shelf‐margin dynamics. This study develops depositional and diagenetic models for major carbonate play types—shelf sheets (inner shelf sheets, sheets proximal to and updip from the carbonate shelf edge, and basinal sheets and wedges), buildups (shelf buildups and downslope buildups), and shelf‐margin clinoforms—to improve qualitative interpretation of well‐log responses in data‐limited settings. Because many legacy wells lack digital log data, interpretations are derived from published values, emphasizing the reproducibility of diagnostic gamma‐ray, neutron–density, and sonic motifs across stratigraphic intervals. The resulting framework defines characteristic log signatures for end‐member carbonate plays and clarifies how depositional setting and diagenetic evolution govern porosity and reservoir quality. Although limited by incomplete stratigraphic coverage and the absence of direct seismic‐to‐well calibration, the study provides a regionally consistent qualitative model that enhances understanding of carbonate reservoir architecture across the Arabian Gulf. These models form a foundation for future quantitative analyses integrating modern log suites and, potentially, for artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted approaches to automated facies recognition.

Tunnel ventilation control is intended to guarantee a safe and comfortable environment for users. The controllers are responsible for managing concerns caused by gases released in the tunnels, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and dust. This study focuses on reconfigurable fuzzy controllers, considering traffic density in order. To lower carbon monoxide levels and smoke opacity, hence improving air quality. The global ventilation system consists of five cascaded reconfigurable fuzzy controllers, a global reconfiguration management block, and a zoning module. The global control system, managed by the reconfiguration approach, ensures real-time corrections and coordination among the different controllers. A reconfigurable fuzzy logic controller (RFLC) was designed to optimise the indoor environment and validated using simulation data. The RFLC was implemented on an FPGA using the Xilinx 14.7 development platform, combining both behavioral and structural VHDL descriptions. The developed system provides a maximum frequency of 91.106 MHz.