Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Post Graduate Studies

NH. Over the years, many therapeutic properties including anticancer potential of these two compounds have been observed. Piperine has therapeutic potential against cancers such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, gliomal cancer, lung cancer, oral squamous, chronic pancreatitis, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, cervical cancer, and leukemia. Whereas, piperidine acts as a potential clinical agent against cancers, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and ovarian cancer, when treated alone or in combination with some novel drugs. Several crucial signalling pathways essential for the establishment of cancers such as STAT-3, NF-κB, PI3k/Aκt, JNK/p38-MAPK, TGF-ß/SMAD, Smac/DIABLO, p-IκB etc., are regulated by these two phytochemicals. Both of these phytochemicals lead to inhibition of cell migration and help in cell cycle arrest to inhibit survivability of cancer cells. The current review highlights the pharmaceutical relevance of both piperine and piperidine against different types of cancers.

Comparison is a common technique we go through in our everyday life. It is rather a human psychology. Even each animal looks with this vision. But more specifically, human being is much more developed cerebrally than others. CL actually exists upon the two traditions, called Little tradition and Great Tradition. It is such a tool by virtue of which we can enrich our National Literature and hence this kind of literature is named as Universal literature, Global Literature or Welt literature. Intellectuals lik name this Visva Sahitya with a greater goal. Attempts have been made to bring out the methods, doctrines and perspectives of American, British, French, German, Japanese and other countries across the globe. What is Comparative literature, what are objectives and the modus operandi-all these things are well discussed here.

Piper betle L. (synonym: Piper betel Blanco), or betel vine, an economically and medicinally important cash crop, belongs to the family Piperaceae, often known as the green gold. The plant can be found all over the world and is cultivatedprimarily in South East Asian countries for its beautiful glossy heart-shaped leaves, which are chewed or consumed as betelquidand widely used in Chinese and Indian folk medicine, as carminative, stimulant,astringent, against parasitic worms, conjunctivitis, rheumatism, wound, etc., andis also used for religious purposes. Hydroxychavicol is the most important bioactive compound among the wide range of phytoconstituents found in essential oil and extracts. The pharmacological attributes of P. betle are antiproliferation, anticancer, neuropharmacological, analgesic, antioxidant, antiulcerogenic, hepatoprotective, antifertility, antibacterial, antifungal and many more. Immense attention has been paid to nanoformulations and their applications. The application of P. betle did not show cytotoxicity in preclinical experiments, suggesting that it could serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for different diseases. The present review comprehensively summarizes the botanical description, geographical distribution, economic value and cultivation, ethnobotanical uses, preclinical pharmacological properties with insights of toxicological, clinical efficacy, and safety of P. betle. The findings suggest that P. betle represents an orally active and safe natural agent that exhibits great therapeutic potential for managing various human medical conditions. However, further research is needed to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms of action, clinical aspects, structure-activity relationships, bioavailability and synergistic interactions with other drugs.

Lot of techniques and systems has been developed based on modular arithmetic cryptography for encryption and decryption. However, these techniques are broken using DNA cryptography techniques and methods. DNA Cryptography is a new instinctive cryptographic field that has emerged from the research of DNA computing. Some algorithms that are available in DNA Cryptography have limitations in that they still use modular arithmetic cryptography at some of their steps or they are biological laboratory experiment based which is not suitable in the digital computing environment. To overcome this lacuna, we describe a novel, secure, unique and dynamic DNA based encryption and decryption algorithm and also provide an analysis of its performance.

The aim of the study was to use melissopalynology to delineate the foraging preferences of bees in tropical environs. This was done by comparing pollen spectra obtained from the same hives every three months for three years at four sampling locations (in two sites) within a confined landscape mosaic. If melissopalynology is highly replicable, the spatial variation of the pollen spectrum from the honey samples would be much more than the temporal (inter-annual) variations. In other words, given the three factors, Month, Year and Location, honey pollen from different Locations, in a given Year and Month, would be much less similar than samples from different Years, in a given Location and Month. We then determined how the factors, Month, Year and Location, influenced the pollen influx of honey. The pollen analyses of the 42 honey samples collected during the three years yielded 80 pollen taxa/types: 72 dicotyledonous and 8 monocotyledonous, encompassing 41 botanical families spread into seven life forms namely, trees, shrubs, epiphytes, herbs, climbers, grasses, and sedges. Our results showed that pollen spectra were equally comparable between Locations and between Months and Years; the importance of this result is that it helped to demonstrate the complexity of ecological/environmental phenomena involved in the process of foraging by bees in a heterogeneous and complex landscape.

The well-known medicinal plant Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is an Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of different health problems and as an edible vegetable in a regular diet. Ease of availability in the wide range of environmental conditions plus low-cost cultivation process has made the plant popular in ethno-medicinal healthcare systems. In the present review, phytochemical analysis of plant-extract and pharmacological activities of bioactive-compounds are discussed based upon the available reports to understand their therapeutic potentialities along with the mechanisms behind. The results exhibited that C. asiatica and its triterpenoids demonstrated an array of pharmacological effects and health benefits, some of which were confirmed in many preclinical and clinical studies. Those reports also provided considerable evidences in support of the principles of folk treatment in different countries. Increase and maintenance of the prospective plant secondary metabolites would provide an enriched resource of drug molecules. Development of suitable derivatives of the therapeutic compounds can give an assurance for getting more effective drug candidates with reduced side effects. The review also enumerates the application of advanced nanotechnology, toxicology, and clinical-trial reports on the plant with notes on the shortcomings in the present research and future perspectives of using this medicinal plant.

Seedlings of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilezek] cultivar KM-2 were sprayed with different concentrations of triacontanol (TRIA) (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg dm-3) at 15 and 25 days after sowing. Foliar spray of 0.5 mg dm-3 TRIA significantly promoted the plant height, fresh mass, and contents of chlorophylls, saccharides, starch, soluble proteins, amino acid and phenols. Leaf nitrate content was reduced by 0.5 and 1.0 mg dm-3 TRIA with a corresponding increase in nitrate reductase activity. TRIA of 0.5 mg dm-3 stimulated the onset of flowering, pod production and retention, but less number of pods and seeds per plant were observed at 2.0 mg dm-3 treatment.

Dioscin has gained immense popularity as a natural, bioactive steroid saponin, which offers numerous medical benefits. The growing global incidence of disease-associated morbidity and mortality continues to compromise human health, facilitating an increasingly urgent need for nontoxic, noninvasive, and efficient treatment alternatives. Natural compounds can contribute vastly to this field. Over recent years, studies have demonstrated the remarkable protective actions of dioscin against a variety of human malignancies, metabolic disorders, organ injuries, and viral/fungal infections. The successful usage of this phytocompound has been widely seen in medical treatment procedures under traditional Chinese medicine, and it is becoming progressively prevalent worldwide. This review provides an insight into the wide spectrum of pharmacological activities of dioscin, as reported and compiled in recent literature. The various novel approaches and applications of dioscin also verify the advantages exhibited by plant extracts against commercially available drugs, highlighting the potential of phytochemical agents like dioscin to be further incorporated into clinical practice.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is capable of catalysing the oxidative deamination of amines and neurotransmitters. MAO plays a pivotal role in maintaining neurotransmitters linked to neurological disorders viz. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) etc. Therefore, inhibition of MAO can be implicated to the cure of such diseases. Synthetic MAO inhibitors are known to inhibit MAO activity. However, there are safety issues with synthetic MAO inhibitors and many of their effects are non-selective and irreversible. Contrasting synthetic drugs, plant-derived natural products have been popularized globally owing to their extensive acceptability and applicability, therapeutic potency and minimum side effects which potentiated the possibility of developing reversible, promising MAO inhibitors based on natural products. The present review comprehensively elucidates plant -derived natural reversible MAO inhibitors using the literature from the popular databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science. This literature review reports approximately 51 plants that have been evaluated for MAO inhibitory activity. In addition, 93 plant-derived natural compounds were retrieved as MAO inhibitors. Majority of these investigations predominantly utilized an in vitro approach to evaluate the MAO inhibitors in relation to the developing treatments of related neurological diseases. However, in vivo studies and clinical trials are still lacking in evaluating the botanical-based MAO inhibitors. The aim of this review is to retrieve the recent literature to explore the in vitro and in vivo studies of plant-based natural products as MAO inhibitors, their structure-activity relationship and relevant molecular docking analyses and their roles in the emerging therapy against disorders like AD, and PD. Further, the review also discusses the shortcomings in the existing research in order to generate more coordinated and focused research in future.

Mature leaves of 224 angiosperm plant species belonging to 60 families and growing in Andaman Islands, and the states of Arunachal Pradesh,

In a digitally dependent world, people are progressively overwhelmed and upset with computer stress that causes major problems in their daily lives. Working with systems results in stress, particularly when an individual is presented to it for a long term of time. Stress can cause serious health problems such as heart disease, asthma, headaches, depression and anxiety. Experts from various fields were identified several situations that can distress a person who is disposed to computer stress. Researchers have proved that stress level can be detected and validated through Heart Rate, Humidity response, Temperature response and Fuzzy Logic algorithm. This article examines the various stress detection techniques using the physiological parameters. It also explores the key challenges and opportunities in stress detection techniques.

The pharmacodynamic activity on the organic structure of benzoyl peroxide has been analysed by molecular spectroscopical tools (IR, Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance and UV–visible). Simultaneously, the results obtained in the experimental process are verified by performing Quantum Gaussian computational calculations with higher-order basis sets. The actual positions of internal compositions and purity of the compound are verified with the observations of fundamental and group frequency of the recorded pattern of the FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra. The chemical environment of different carbons existing in various entities for approving a drug property is keenly identified and distinguished. The energy level degeneracy among different Frontier molecular orbitals is viewed from the orbital overlapping interaction contour. The biological activity of the present compound is emphasized and correlated with the hyperpolarizability profile of the internal coordinate system of a molecular structure arrangement. The involvement of non-bonding molecular orbital for the inducement of drug reactivity is monitored from the observation of cluster electron transitions. The Gibbs energy for chemical reaction with augmented temperature is relatively discussed, and the continuum of chemical reaction is observed.

Objective(s): Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in commercial food additives and cosmetics worldwide. Uptake of these nanoparticulate into humans by different routes and may exhibit potential side effects, lags behind the rapid development of nanotechnology. Thus, the present study designed to evaluate the toxic effect of mixed rutile and anatase TiO2 NPs on serum biochemical changes in rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, adult male Wistar rats were randomly allotted into the experimental and control groups (n=6), which were orally administered with 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight of TiO2 NPs. Toxic effects were assessed by the changes of serum biochemical parameters such as glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine. All the serum biochemical markers were experimented in rats, after 14-days of post exposure. Results: Changes of the serum specific parameters indicated that liver and kidney were significantly affected in both experimental groups. The changes between the levels of total protein, glucose, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase indicate that TiO2 NPs induces liver damage. Significant increase in the blood urea nitrogen and uric acid indicates the renal damage in the TiO2 NPs treated rats. Conclusion: The data shows that the oral administration of TiO2 NPs (

An incredible array of natural products is produced by plants that serve several ecological functions, including protecting them from herbivores and microbes, attracting pollinators, and dispersing seeds. In addition to their obvious medical applications, natural products serve as flavoring agents, fragrances, and many other uses by humans. With the increasing demand for natural products and the development of various gene engineering systems, researchers are trying to modify the plant genome to increase the biosynthetic pathway of the compound of interest or blocking the pathway of unwanted compound synthesis. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 has had widespread success in genome editing due to the system's high efficiency, ease of use, and accuracy which revolutionized the genome editing system in living organisms. This study highlights the method of the CRISPR/Cas system, its application in different organisms including microbes, algae, fungi, and also higher plants in natural product research, and its shortcomings and future prospects.

Atranorin (ATR), lichenized secondary metabolite and depside molecule with several biological potentials such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, wound healing and photoprotective activities. Cytotoxic reports of ATR are documented in several cancer cells and in vivo models but its molecular interaction studies are poorly understood. Therefore, in this present investigation, we have used the in silico studies with biological validation of the molecular targets for the anti-breast cancer mechanism of ATR. The molecular docking studies with the breast cancer oncoproteins such as Bcl-2, Bax, Akt, Bcl-w and Bcl-xL revealed the highest interaction was observed with the Akt followed by Bax, Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 & least with the Bcl-w proteins. The cytotoxicity studies showed ATR selectively inhibited MDA MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells in differential and dose-dependent manner with the IC50 concentration of 5.36 ± 0.85 μM and 7.55 ± 1.2 μM respectively. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that ATR significantly inhibited ROS production and significantly down-regulated the anti apoptotic Akt than Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w proteins with a significant increase in the Bax level and caspases-3 activity in the breast cancer cells when comparison with Akt inhibitor, ipatasertib. In vitro biological activities well correlated with the molecular interaction data suggesting that atranorin had higher interaction with Akt than Bax and Bcl-2 but weak interaction with Bcl-w and Bcl-xL. In this present study, the first time we report the interactions of atranorin with molecular targets for anti-breast cancer potential. Hence, ATR represents the nature-inspired molecule for pharmacophore moiety for design in targeted therapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Moringa oleifera (Lam.) is a plant that possesses high nutritional value and has been used in folklore medicine to treat various and socio-economic benefits. In the present study, we have investigated the phytochemicals constituents of M. oleifera leaves extracts by biochemical method and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). The qualitative phytochemical screening indicated presence of alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides and carbohydrates in the leaves extract. The quantitative analysis of the M. oleifera leaves aqueous extract showed high content of Vitamin C and active compounds such as Polyphenols and Flavonoids which has a strong antioxidant activity. The infrared spectral data revealed the following bonds: O-H, N-H, C=O, N-O, C-N, C-H and C-Br that are diagnostic markers of aliphatic as well as aromatic compounds. The methanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves showed the presence of characteristic functional groups like alcohol, hydroxyl, alkane, aldehydes, alkenes groups, nitro compounds, aromatic amines, aliphatic amines and alkyl halides etc. Presence of phytochemicals indicates nutritional and medicinal properties of M. oleifera leaves.

Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merrill [Family: Phyllanthaceae Martynov] is a popular leafy-vegetable in South and Southeast Asia and is notable for its high yields and palatability. The leaves and succulent young tips of the plant are normally eaten like tropical asparagus, raw in the form of salads or steamed or alternatively added to stir-fry, rice and egg dishes, soups or casseroles, and sometimes blanched to serve with chilli paste. The rich vitamin content of the leaves has led to its popular name, ‘multivitamin green’ and has also been recorded as a tropical vegetable by the United States Department of Agriculture. The flowers and the small purplish fruits of the plant are also reported to be eaten. The present paper attempts to review the health-impact of the nutritive factors and other phytometabolites biosynthesized by this functional leafy-vegetable, in addition to its ethnomedical claims.

The commercialization of medicinal plants as recognized in their uses by nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries is gaining more popularity and interest around the globe. The plant family Amaryllidaceae has a long history in the traditional medicinal system and used to treat diverse diseases. It is well known for its structurally-diverse alkaloids which exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. Crinum, an important bulbous geophyte is well known for its ornamental and therapeutic properties. In India, Crinum is represented by 15 different species which contain several alkaloids with biological properties. However, some of the medicinal uses of Indian Crinum species still require pharmacological analysis. In addition, more extensive research including different biotechnological approaches is needed in order to guarantee its sustainable utilization and long-term conservation. Further research is essential to improve our current knowledge about the bioactive components, toxicity, clinical relevance as well as its conservation status. The present review summarizes the research that has been done on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and in vitro studies of the Indian Crinum. Potential toxicity aspects as well as knowledge gaps and future perspectives are also discussed.

Three species of AM fungi, Glomus mosseae, Glomus microcarpum, Gigaspora margarita and a fungus that mimics the properties of AM fungi, Piriformospora indica, were tested on green gram [Phaseolus aureus Roxb. (= Vigna radiata var. radiata)] individually and in combination with Rhizobium for their influence on growth and seed yield. The growth parameters analyzed were dry biomass, total leaf area, total chlorophyll,% root colonization, nodulation, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) content of leaf tissues using standard methodologies. Glomus microcarpum was found to be more effective in promoting biomass and seed yield when applied alone. But in combination with Rhizobium, G. mosseae enabled highest production of biomass. The tissue nitrogen content was high in G. microcarpum—Rhizobium dual inoculated plants. Many other characteristics were high in dual inoculation, while tissue P was high in individual treatment of G. mosseae. Piriformospora indica was not found to be a good synergist on green gram.

Cloud computing is an internet based model that enable convenient, on demand and pay per use access to a pool of shared resources. It is a new technology that satisfies a user's requirement for computing resources like networks, storage, servers, services and applications, Data security is one of the leading concerns and primary challenges for cloud computing. This issue is getting more serious with the development of cloud computing. From the consumers' perspective, cloud computing security concerns, especially data security and privacy protection issues, remain the primary inhibitor for adoption of cloud computing services. This paper analyses the basic problem of cloud computing and describes the data security and privacy protection issues in cloud.