Kansas State University Salina Aerospace and Technology Campus

Grinding is one of the most widely used material removal methods at the end of many process chains. Grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, which has a great influence on material removal rate, dimensional and shape accuracy, surface and subsurface integrity, thermodynamics, dynamics, wheel durability, and machining system deformation. Considering that grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, grinding force can be used to detect grinding wheel wear, energy calculation, chatter suppression, force control and grinding process simulation. Accurate prediction of grinding forces is important for optimizing grinding parameters and the structure of grinding machines and fixtures. Although there are substantial research papers on grinding mechanics, a comprehensive review on the modeling of grinding mechanics is still absent from the literature. To fill this gap, this work reviews and introduces theoretical methods and applications of mechanics in grinding from the aspects of modeling principles, limitations and possible future trendencies.

Importance: It is currently unknown how often and in which ways a genetic diagnosis given to a patient with epilepsy is associated with clinical management and outcomes. Objective: To evaluate how genetic diagnoses in patients with epilepsy are associated with clinical management and outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients referred for multigene panel testing between March 18, 2016, and August 3, 2020, with outcomes reported between May and November 2020. The study setting included a commercial genetic testing laboratory and multicenter clinical practices. Patients with epilepsy, regardless of sociodemographic features, who received a pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant were included in the study. Case report forms were completed by all health care professionals. Exposures: Genetic test results. Main Outcomes and Measures: Clinical management changes after a genetic diagnosis (ie, 1 P/LP variant in autosomal dominant and X-linked diseases; 2 P/LP variants in autosomal recessive diseases) and subsequent patient outcomes as reported by health care professionals on case report forms. Results: Among 418 patients, median (IQR) age at the time of testing was 4 (1-10) years, with an age range of 0 to 52 years, and 53.8% (n = 225) were female individuals. The mean (SD) time from a genetic test order to case report form completion was 595 (368) days (range, 27-1673 days). A genetic diagnosis was associated with changes in clinical management for 208 patients (49.8%) and usually (81.7% of the time) within 3 months of receiving the result. The most common clinical management changes were the addition of a new medication (78 [21.7%]), the initiation of medication (51 [14.2%]), the referral of a patient to a specialist (48 [13.4%]), vigilance for subclinical or extraneurological disease features (46 [12.8%]), and the cessation of a medication (42 [11.7%]). Among 167 patients with follow-up clinical information available (mean [SD] time, 584 [365] days), 125 (74.9%) reported positive outcomes, 108 (64.7%) reported reduction or elimination of seizures, 37 (22.2%) had decreases in the severity of other clinical signs, and 11 (6.6%) had reduced medication adverse effects. A few patients reported worsening of outcomes, including a decline in their condition (20 [12.0%]), increased seizure frequency (6 [3.6%]), and adverse medication effects (3 [1.8%]). No clinical management changes were reported for 178 patients (42.6%). Conclusions and Relevance: Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that genetic testing of individuals with epilepsy may be materially associated with clinical decision-making and improved patient outcomes.

Titanium is a transition metal. It is present in several minerals including rutile and ilmenite, which are well dispersed over the Earth’s crust. Even though titanium is as strong as some steels, its density is only half of that of steel. Titanium is broadly used in a number of fields, including aerospace, power generation, automotive, chemical and petrochemical, sporting goods, dental and medical industries. The large variety of applications is due to its desirable properties, mainly the relative high strength combined with low density and enhanced corrosion resistance. This chapter discusses the applications of titanium and its alloys in the medical field.

Purpose Literature on the features of new technology in libraries of every type and size is readily available, but looking at the factors playing a part in the process (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability) will bring an understanding of how Millennials integrate technology into libraries. This paper seeks to discuss some of the issues involved. Design/methodology/approach This research focuses on Millennials and their adoption of new technologies in libraries through the process of diffusion and the stages of adoption as outlined by Everett Rogers: communication through certain channels; over time; and among members of a social system. Among these sections, Millennials as innovators and early adopters are explored, as well as the five stages of the innovation decision process. Findings Libraries have increasingly seen technology become a quick candidate as a solution to nearly every problem existing in the field. Though rapidly suggested as an alternative, the new technology is not adopted as quickly as in other sectors. However, Millennials act as change agents and bring technology‐driven attitudes to work, using specific communication channels to change employee attitudes towards adoption of the new tools. Originality/value Although applied to different fields, few studies have been conducted using the theory of diffusion in library science with a focus on innovation; rather the focus has been on technology adoption. The paper highlights how looking at the overarching trend, instead of focusing on the specifics of one single technology tool, will help researchers, administrators and practitioners understand the paradigm shift in the rapid adoption of such tools overall.

We integrate multipath exploitation with adaptive waveform design in order to increase the tracking performance of a vehicle moving in urban terrain. Mitigation of both clutter and strong multipath returns can result in increased target detection. However, exploiting multiple bounces from obstacles such as buildings can be shown to increase radar coverage and scene visibility, especially in the absence of direct line-of-sight paths. For this purpose, we formulate the multipath propagation of an arbitrary number of specular bounces in urban terrain for three-dimensional motion. We then further exploit and optimize multipath returns by dynamically selecting the parameters of the transmitted waveform to minimize the predicted mean-squared tracking error. We demonstrate our proposed approach in a realistic urban environment by varying the type of measurement to include regions of obscuration and different number of multipath bounces.

A total of 136 lower limbs from 68 human cadavers were dissected to determine the incidence of the long accessory flexor muscle and its origins and insertions. The muscle was present in 11 of 136 lower extremities (8%) and 9 of 68 cadavers (13%). Five long accessory flexor muscles originated from the tibia and fascia of the deep posterior compartment and six began on the fibula. All of the tendons were deep to the laciniate ligament and coursed within the tarsal tunnel. All five of the tendons originating from the tibia inserted on the quadratus plantae, with two of the tendons having an additional insertion on the flexor digitorum longus. Three of the tendons with fibular origin inserted on the quadratus plantae and three inserted on the flexor digitorum longus. The importance of the long accessory flexor muscle relates as a cause or association with tarsal tunnel.

Minimum Quantity Lubrication is an alternative technique to conventional techniques that are related to environmental sustainability and economic benefits. This technique promotes the substantial reduction of the amount of coolant employed in machining processes, representing a mitigation of risks to people’s health that are involved with the process. On the other hand, it has been reported in the literature that some problems of using the Minimum Quantity Lubrication technique can impair the grinding efficiency. One of these problems is associated with wheel clogging phenomenon, which is caused by inefficient chip removal from the cutting zone as well as from mixture of metal dust and oil accumulated on the wheel surface during grinding. If chips lodge inside the pores of the grinding wheel as machining progresses, they will adversely affect dimensional and geometric quality of final product. Also, this will require more frequent dressing. A solution for this problem can be an effective cleaning system of the abrasive wheel during grinding with the traditional Minimum Quantity Lubrication technique Assisted with Wheel Cleaning Jet. In this context and aiming to explore the various potential health, environmental and economic benefits that have been widely reported in the literature about the use of Minimum Quantity Lubrication technique in grinding, this study presents an application of the Minimum Quantity Lubrication technique at flow rates (30, 60 and 120 mL/h) and assisted with wheel cleaning jet (Minimum Quantity Lubrication + Assisted with Wheel Cleaning Jet) in plunge grinding of a hardened steel with an aluminum oxide wheel. Experiments were also carried out with traditional Minimum Quantity Lubrication (without wheel cleaning) and with the conventional coolant techniques for comparison. The output variables were geometrical errors (surface roughness and roundness) of the workpiece, diametric wheel wear, acoustic emission, vibration and tangential cutting force. Results showed that Minimum Quantity Lubrication + Assisted with Wheel Cleaning Jet (with wheel cleaning jet) not only outperformed the traditional Minimum Quantity Lubrication technique in all the parameters analyzed, but in some cases it proved to be compatible with the conventional coolant technique under the conditions investigated. Also, most of values of the output parameters tested decreased with increase in flow rate.

This paper studies the micromilling of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. The main objective of this work is to study the performance of micromill tools in terms of burrs, machined surface and tool wear in machining of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and evaluate the effect of the application of cutting fluid. Experimental micromilling tests with 152.4 μm diameter WC tools were made. The tests were carried out on a four axis CNC milling machine with maximum spindle speed of 60,000 rpm and a resolution of 0.1 μm. To measure the burr height, a profilometer with 1.0 mm measuring range and 16 nm resolution was used. The samples and tools were observed under scanning electron microscope to evaluate the machined surface quality, to measure wear and to analyse wear mechanisms. The results show that the application of cutting fluid has a large effect on the quality of the machined parts, both in terms of burrs formed and in terms of machined surface quality. Depending on the cutting conditions, the relative size of the burrs formed is much higher than in macromachining operations. Built up edges on cutting tool affects tool life and surface finish.

This study was designed to expand our understanding of the positive aspects of coping and resilience in female survivors of child sexual abuse. Research questions focused on women's lived experiences of being survivors of child sexual abuse and how they have experienced resilience, developed healthy intimate relationships, and viewed themselves as sexual beings. Using a qualitative research lens of phenomenology, we captured the essence of survivors' experiences of resilience. Although each woman's experience was unique, similar patterns of processes and outcomes emerged as meaningful in their development of resilient and healthy sexuality and relationship functioning. However, participants emphasized resilience as a process or journey-recovery from trauma, reconceptualization of self, and development of healthy sexuality included deliberate efforts occurring over time. Implications for future research and practice using a positive lens of resilience are provided.

Background: Surgical management of anterior shoulder instability continues to evolve. The clinical effectiveness of arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage (REMP) in patients with increasing glenoid bone loss (GBL) has not been thoroughly compared with Latarjet. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare 2-year outcomes of REMP versus open Latarjet in patients with >15% GBL. We hypothesized that there would be no difference. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective study was performed on a consecutive series of patients who underwent primary REMP or Latarjet by 4 shoulder specialists between August 2013 and December 2019 for >15% GBL. Procedure performance was based on shared decision making between the surgeon and patient. Baseline and 2-year postoperative range of motion (ROM) and the following patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were collected: Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, and visual analog scale for pain. Return to sport, satisfaction, complications, recurrence, and revisions were reviewed. Results: A total of 47 patients were available for study, including 22 who underwent REMP and 25 who underwent Latarjet. Baseline demographic characteristics, ROM, and PROs were similar between the groups. Mean preoperative GBL (REMP 25.8% ± 7.8% vs Latarjet 25.1% ± 9.0%; P = .800) and off-track lesions (REMP 59.1% vs Latarjet 44.0%; P = .302) were similar. Postoperative change in external rotation favored Latarjet (10° ± 22° vs –4° ± 13°; P = .017). Postoperative PROs, return to the sports (86.4% vs 87.5%; P = .99), and satisfaction (95.5% vs 95.8%; P = .99) were similar between groups. There were no recurrent dislocations in either group. One infected hematoma was encountered in the Latarjet cohort. Conclusion: At short-term follow-up, the hypothesis was upheld. REMP and Latarjet provided similar outcomes for patients with >15% GBL, although REMP patients experienced slightly decreased external rotation. Although larger series and longer-term follow-ups are required, remplissage may be considered in patients with >15% glenoid bone loss.

Combined D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D/L-2-HGA) is a devastating neurometabolic disorder, usually lethal in the first years of life. Autosomal recessive mutations in the SLC25A1 gene, which encodes the mitochondrial citrate carrier (CIC), were previously detected in patients affected with combined D/L-2-HGA. We showed that transfection of deficient fibroblasts with wild-type SLC25A1 restored citrate efflux and decreased intracellular 2-hydroxyglutarate levels, confirming that deficient CIC is the cause of D/L-2-HGA. We developed and implemented a functional assay and applied it to all 17 missense variants detected in a total of 26 CIC-deficient patients, including eight novel cases, showing reduced activities of varying degrees. In addition, we analyzed the importance of residues affected by these missense variants using our existing scoring system. This allowed not only a clinical and biochemical overview of the D/L-2-HGA patients but also phenotype-genotype correlation studies.

The purpose of this study was to examine attitudes and beliefs that predicted frequency of coparental communication and intentions to coparent for 203 divorced mothers and 124 fathers. Mothers and fathers who held positive perceptions of coparenting communicated more often with their former partner than did other parents. Mothers who perceived social encouragement to coparent and who perceived greater control over their abilities to coparent communicated more often with former spouses than did other mothers. Mothers also had greater intentions to coparent in the future when they held positive perceptions of coparenting and perceived that social norms encouraged them to coparent.

This paper presents a performance assessment of the low-cost thin-disk piezoelectric diaphragm (PZT) for the surface integrity monitoring in the grinding operation. PZT diaphragms are flexible, low-cost, and smart devices, making them promising for applications in manufacturing fields, such as in the grinding operation. To accomplish this, experimental grinding tests were carried out on workpieces of ceramic material covering from slight to severe machining conditions. A low-cost thin-disk PZT diaphragm was assessed, which was attached to the workpiece holder using a cyanoacrylate glue. In addition, a commercial and consolidated acoustic emission (AE) sensor was used as a baseline for comparative purpose. Likewise, the surface roughness measurements were performed after grinding each workpiece to support the sensor monitoring system. Feature extraction using frequency spectrum and time domain analysis were applied to the sensor signals by means of fast Fourier transform (FFT), digital bandpass filters, root mean square (RMS) value, and power deviation (DPO) metric. The results indicate a clear relationship between the thin-disk PZT diaphragm and the conventional AE sensor for surface integrity monitoring in grinding, which proves the effectiveness and reliability of an innovative sensing device for the present application.

Abstract—Engineering education equips students with the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive in rapidly evolving field of engineering and computer science. However, updating the curriculum to be current with the latest advancements can be challenging for educators. The curriculum and activities (both cocurricular and extra-curricular) activities must be designed such way as to educate a global engineer with multidimensional attributes. The faculty and administrators must be willing to adapt to the fast changes in technology and learning habits of our students. In this day and age of ChatGPT, Bard, Perplexity and other generative AI tools, educators have to adapt and focus on creative ways of engaging students towards lifelong learning with strong work ethics and professional skills. This paper explores the potential of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in revolutionizing engineering education by designing and offering up-to-date content. It examines specific examples in various engineering domains and discusses the benefits of generative AI in accreditation efforts and faculty time allocation. Keywords—engineering education; generative AI; prompt engineering.

Machining is such a complex system that any foreseen result is practically impossible. However, research always helps to further understand the process, which contributes to providing positive results. Tool wear is always difficult to foresee, but it can be measured and related to several output parameters. In each individual application, there will be the best parameter that most reliably represents the tool wear. In the present investigation, the hole quality parameters (roughness and cylindricity), power consumption, electrical consumption of the machine tool and the acoustic emission signals were recorded and correlated to the tool condition in order to find the best output parameter for tool wear monitoring during the drilling of compact graphite cast irons. Two high-strength grades of compacted graphite cast irons (both CGI 500 with changes in the matrix and graphitic structure) were machined and compared to the standard grade (CGI 450) usually used in the manufacturing of engines using TiAlN-coated carbide drills at a constant cutting condition. The results showed that the best output parameter to monitor the tool wear was the electric current signal.

Appropriate control of the electric vehicle (EV) charging and corresponding prices can act as a virtual power plant (VPP) and support distribution system operators (DSOs). When multiple EVs are directly managed or controlled by price, as a cluster they will act as a VPP. This work proposes a price‐based VPP with a two‐class EV‐charging tariff while managing the charging impact on the distribution network. Similar to a generating unit, EVs that participate through a day‐ahead schedule will be charged differently than EVs that do not participate in day‐ahead scheduling. The objective of this work is to maximise benefits to both the DSO and the consumer. To achieve mutual benefits, in addition to power system constraints, this work incorporates the impact of consumer dissatisfaction due to delayed charging. This is achieved by modelling dissatisfaction as a function of anxiety. This work proposes an unplanned charging unit cost to ensure that both consumer welfare and DSO welfare are jointly accomplished. Finally, sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the impact of limiting consumer dissatisfaction on the EV‐charging load and price for charging.

<roman xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>Background</b>:</roman> Social media like YouTube have transformative effects on technical communication. Technical communication scholars have attended to the increasing use of social media personally, pedagogically, and professionally. Our stream of research focuses on YouTube videos for educational purposes within the various research avenues. <roman xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>Literature review</b>:</roman> YouTube has become a viable platform for learning. YouTube educational videos have been studied from many different perspectives, yet research on engagement with YouTube educational videos is scarce, despite the importance of engagement in both learning and social media. Following extant research on YouTube educational video features, we probe the effects of visual cueing on social media engagement. <roman xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>Research question</b>:</roman> How does visual cueing (anchors and intrinsic visual features) affect social media engagement with YouTube educational videos? <roman xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>Methodology</b>:</roman> We sampled 196 YouTube educational videos on 28 physics and astronomy topics, and extracted visual cueing from the videos and social media engagement information from YouTube. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. <roman xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>Results</b>:</roman> Our analyses show that intrinsic visual features (color contrast and visual complexity) are significantly related to social media engagement (involvement, intimacy, and interaction), while anchors (math equations and models) are not. <roman xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>Conclusion</b>:</roman> Our study supports the empirical knowledge on social media engagement with YouTube educational videos and expands on the technical communication research for YouTube educational videos. In addition, this research contributes to the literature on engagement by extending its relevance to the social media learning environment. Finally, our study provides content creators with new video design insights that can be used to enhance social media engagement with YouTube educational videos.

Objective: Medical students should develop skills in assessing their own learning needs and developing strategies to meet those needs. Medical curricula should be designed to provide active and enriching ways to explore medicine beyond the classroom. The program should enrich the elements of motivation, discovery, innovation, social services, cultural exploration, and personal development. The University of Kansas School of Medicine instituted a new curriculum in 2017 called ACE (Active, Competency-based, and Excellence-driven). Eight 1-week courses of enrichment experiences are embedded within the first 2 years of the curriculum. Methods: After each of 8 medical content blocks, students are required to participate in a 1-week, nongraded enrichment experience according to their own learning needs and interests. Students choose the type of enrichment activities including clinical experiences, professional development, leadership development, research and scholarly activity, and community engagement. Students select their top enrichment choices and a computer lottery makes the assignments from their designations. Students engaged in research and scholarly activity are guided to appropriate research mentors. Results: A total of 196 enrichment activities at 3 campuses were developed for 211 students during the first 2 years of medical school. Most students selected clinical experiences with enrichments available in most medical specialties and subspecialties. Students also use enrichment weeks to conduct research/scholarly activity, particularly those students pursuing the Honors Track. A total of 2071 enrichment experiences were completed in the first 2 years. Conclusions: Most enrichments involved clinical experiences, although research/scholarly activity and professional development enrichments also were popular. Evaluations from students and antidotal data suggested enrichments are popular among students and a good change of pace from the usual rigorous activities of the curriculum. Because of the large number of experiences required to conduct the enrichment weeks, a continuous process of evaluation is required to maintain the program. Therefore, flexibility is required to administer the program.

The use of mineral-based cutting fluids in machining has the drawback of affecting the environment and industries are under pressures to reduce its use in favor of cleaner productions. In this regard, the vegetal-based cutting fluids can be a superior alternative, provided they improve the technical outcomes. In the milling process, dry cutting is commonly performed, however, the application of cutting fluids using the minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL) method has proven advantageous when compared with dry machining. Furthermore, in the midst of the availability of several cutting fluids in the market, the testing of their individual performance can ascertain their potential and effectiveness for a particular application. This study examined the performances of two vegetable-based and one mineral-based oils applied by the MQL method, followed by their comparison with dry cutting amid end milling of AISI 1045 steel with TiAlN-coated cemented carbide inserts. The cutting temperature, machining forces, power consumption, workpiece surface roughness, tool life, and tool wear mechanisms were chosen as the output parameters. The experiments were conducted using two cutting speeds (150 and 200 m/min) and feed rates (0.07 and 0.14 mm/tooth), and constant axial (1 mm) and radial depths of the cut (25 mm). The temperature was measured using a K-type thermocouple soldered to the part and an infrared camera. The power was monitored with a Fluke 435 energy analyzer, and the machining force components with a Kistler dynamometer. The worn inserts were inspected under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to analyze the tool wear mechanism. The MQL-assisted application of the cutting fluids notably lowered the cutting temperature and increased the tools’ lives. However, the cutting fluids did not reflect any significant effect on the machining force, power consumption, or surface roughness. Among all the analyzed cutting conditions, the abrasive wear mechanism dominated, damaging the cutting edges, flank, and rake surfaces of the cutting tools. In addition, adhesive and diffusion wear mechanisms were also observed.

The purpose of this study is the identification of supervisory practices that predict role clarity among peer specialists employed on treatment teams in community mental health centers. Role clarity has been identified as a key contributor to the successful integration of peer specialists into community mental health settings. Multiple regression analyses found that type of supervision and frequency of scheduled supervision were significantly predictive of role clarity in this study. Implications of these findings for peer specialists and agencies are discussed.