Kurnool Medical College

The impact of chemical reaction and activation energy plays a vital role in the analysis of fluid dynamics and its thermal properties. The application of the flow of fluid is significantly considered in nuclear reactors, automobiles, manufacturing setups, electronic appliances etc. This study explores the impacts of activation energy and chemical reaction on the magnetohydrodynamic Darcy-Forchheimer squeezed Casson fluid flow through a porous material across the horizontal channel where the two parallel plates are assumed to be in motion. By using similarity variables, partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations. Numerical method is applied using MATLAB to solve the problems and acquire the data for velocity field, thermal distribution, and concentration distribution. The graphs indicate that fluid velocity and temperature increases as the plates are brought closer. In addition, there was a correlation between a rise in the Hartmann number and a decrease in the fluid's velocity because of the existence of strong Lorentz forces. The temperature and the concentration of the liquid will increase due to the Brownian motion. When the Darcy-Forchheimer and activation energy parameters are both increased, the velocity and concentration decreases.

The rapid emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic affecting millions of individuals globally has necessitated sensitive and high-throughput approaches for the diagnosis, surveillance, and determining the genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, we used the COVIDSeq protocol, which involves multiplex-PCR, barcoding, and sequencing of samples for high-throughput detection and deciphering the genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. We used the approach on 752 clinical samples in duplicates, amounting to a total of 1536 samples which could be sequenced on a single S4 sequencing flow cell on NovaSeq 6000. Our analysis suggests a high concordance between technical duplicates and a high concordance of detection of SARS-CoV-2 between the COVIDSeq as well as RT-PCR approaches. An in-depth analysis revealed a total of six samples in which COVIDSeq detected SARS-CoV-2 in high confidence which were negative in RT-PCR. Additionally, the assay could detect SARS-CoV-2 in 21 samples and 16 samples which were classified inconclusive and pan-sarbeco positive respectively suggesting that COVIDSeq could be used as a confirmatory test. The sequencing approach also enabled insights into the evolution and genetic epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 samples. The samples were classified into a total of 3 clades. This study reports two lineages B.1.112 and B.1.99 for the first time in India. This study also revealed 1,143 unique single nucleotide variants and added a total of 73 novel variants identified for the first time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the COVIDSeq approach for detection and genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. Our analysis suggests that COVIDSeq could be a potential high sensitivity assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, with an additional advantage of enabling the genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2.

The civil research community has been attracted to concrete with self-healing properties since they are an intelligent solution for sustainable infrastructures with long duration. The present study is analyzing the self- healing capability of early age and structural cracks in concrete by using crystalline admixture as self-healing agent under four different exposure conditions by assessing the regained mechanical properties of concrete. Physical (morphological) and chemical composition of the hardened pastes, were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The analysis showed that for all exposure conditions the compressive strength and split tensile strength of the tested concrete with crystalline admixture (CCA) samples regains after early age and structural cracks. This is due to substantial increase in the calcite content which is evident from SEM-EDS and FTIR analysis. Keywords: Self-healing concrete, Early age cracks, Structural cracks, Crystalline admixture

Importance of this present investigation is to identify the influence of modified tool (tool with texturing) on the process of orthogonal turning of Ti–6Al–4V work material. To achieve the enhanced turning conditions, four different types of textures (plain conventional, cross, perpendicularly textured and parallel textured tool to the chip flow direction) were fabricated on the rake face of the tool insert and the lubricant used during the machining process is molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Machining forces (the force of cutting and feed), angle of shear, chip morphology, temperature distribution between tool and chip were measured. Shear strain and strain rate were also computed and compared with all type of cutting tools. Experimental results revealed that the cross-textured cutting tool exhibit an effective reduction in cutting force, friction, shear strain and strain rate. The favorable metal removal condition of curling chip with low diameter was achieved through cross-textured tool.

BACKGROUND: In the traditional system of medicine, the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Gg) (family: Leguminosae) have been studied for their ability to improve a variety of health ailments. AIMS: The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effects of Gg root extract on learning and memory in 1-month-old male Wistar albino rats. Four doses (75, 150, 225, and 300 mg/kg) of aqueous extract of root of Gg was administered orally for six successive weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aqueous extracts were evaluated for their effect on spatial learning and memory in rats using the elevated plus maze, Hebb-William maze, and Morris water maze tests which served as the exteroceptive behavioral model. Diazepam-induced amnesia served as the interoceptive behavioral model. RESULTS: Results showed that all the doses of aqueous root extract of Gg significantly enhanced the memory; however, in the doses of 150 and 225 mg/kg, it showed a significant (P < 0.01) enhancement in learning and memory. Furthermore, Diazepam-induced amnesia was reversed by the aqueous root extract of Gg (150 and 225 mg/kg, p.o.). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the memory enhancement effects of Gg may be mediated by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, Gg appears to be a promising drug for improving memory in the management of impaired learning, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders.

Usage of composites with natural fiber reinforcement is drastically increasing in recent times because of their low density, biodegradable nature, and low cost. However, natural fibers have certain core problems such as poor adhesion between the fiber and matrix and a relatively high degree of moisture absorption. Alkaline treatment of natural fibers is aimed at improving the adhesive strength so that effective stress transferability takes place in the composite. In the present work, Cordia-Dichotoma fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and composites were prepared with different weight ratios of these fibers reinforced with epoxy. The prepared composites were tested for their tensile and flexural strengths (mechanical properties). Besides, for a comprehensive material characterization, IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope, and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out. This work investigates the influence of aforementioned NaOH treatment on thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of the composite material.

In general surgery, the goal of achieving favorable results following surgical procedures is consistently impeded by the intricate range of postoperative problems. This abstract summarizes a comprehensive narrative study that examines the numerous difficulties associated with postoperative complications and investigates potential remedies. With the progress of surgical practices, the intricacies of complications also increase, requiring a flexible comprehension of the diverse scenarios. This review examines the many factors contributing to postoperative complications, including patient-specific variables and advancing surgical procedures. It also explores the broader consequences of these problems on individual patients and healthcare systems. The economic results, such as extended hospitalizations and increased allocation of resources, highlight the need for specific solutions. This abstract also emphasizes the review's examination of novel methodologies, technology incorporations, and cooperative tactics as potential transformative factors. This abstract provides an overview of the ongoing efforts to change how postoperative complications are understood in general surgery. It highlights the importance of taking preventive measures and adopting a comprehensive approach to patient care.

The flexural, compressive properties of bamboo/glass fiber-reinforced epoxy hybrid composites were studied. The effect of alkali treatment of the bamboo fibers on these properties was also studied. It was observed that both flexural and compressive properties of the hybrid composite increase with glass fiber content. These properties were found to be higher when alkali-treated bamboo fibers were used in the hybrid composites. The elimination of amorphous hemi-cellulose with alkali treatment leading to higher crystallinity of the bamboo fibers with alkali treatment may be responsible for these observations.

Applicability of natural fiber-reinforced composites in automobile, aerospace like sectors has been increasing as more number of research works is concentrating on natural fibers owing to their eco-friendly nature. Biodegradability of natural fibers is main advantage of them over artificial fibers. Natural fiber-reinforced composite possesses good thermal and mechanical properties besides other requirements. For this reason, investigation of one such natural fiber-reinforced composites has been the focus of the present study. In the present work, composites made up of abutilon indicum fiber reinforced with epoxy have been prepared. Mechanical, morphological, thermal, and spectroscopic studies on the test specimens prepared using the above composites were carried out to evaluate their respective strengths. Also, the effect of alkali treatment (NaOH) for the fibers was studied and evaluated. Scanning electron microscope results indicated that the composite made up of alkali-treated fibers possessed better mechanical properties. Using differential thermal analysis–thermogravimetric analysis apparatus thermal behavior of the composites and using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies, the presence of function groups like C–O, C–H was determined. Thus, characterization of abutilon indicum fiber-reinforced epoxy composites has been carried and properties are evaluated for their applicability to automotive, aerospace similar industries.

We have performed an in-depth correlation-crystal-field (CCF) analysis of the energy-level structures in 10 Nd3+(4f3) crystal systems: NdF3, Nd2Te4O11, NdVO4, NdPO4, Nd3+:LiYF4, Nd3+:LaVO4, Nd3+:LaCl3, Nd3+:BaY2F8, Nd3+:YAlO3 and Nd3+:LuA1O3. A model Hamiltonian employing 20 free-ion parameters, appropriate one-electron crystal-field interaction parameters and also selected two-particle CCF interaction parameters was diagonalized within the complete 364 SLJMJ basis set of the 4f3 electronic configuration. Inclusion of the fourth-rank g2(4), g10A(4) and g10B(4) CCF operators in the phenomenological energy-level fits yields an overall improved agreement between calculated and empirical energy levels besides eliminating major discrepancies between calculated and observed crystal-field splittings within the anomalous 2H(2)11/2 multiplet of Nd3+ ion. The fits are also in qualitative agreement with the ab initio calculations of CCF effects for lanthanide ions.

‘This research aims to look at the consequences of diffusion thermo, Hall, ion slip, and radiation absorption on the unsteady MHD turbulent rotational flow of second-grade fluid through porous materials while also regarding the outcomes of the chemical retort and heat absorption. When the ratio between the number of collisions between fluid electrons in a cyclotron and the number of collisions between electrons and atoms is large, Hall effects (the Hall parameter) become important. The regular perturbation approach investigates the outlines of velocity segments, temperature dispersion, and concentration. The statistics for shear stress, the Nusselt numeral, and the Sherwood factor are written down on the panel. Graphs show how changes in different physical parameters cause changes in a fluid’s speed, temperature, and concentration patterns. In the end, it can be said that the primary and secondary velocities speed up significantly as the Hall and ion-slip parameters get bigger. This effect was also seen in the shearing stress’s axial and transverse components. The increasing importance of the thermal diffusion parameter increases both the initial and secondary velocities’.

Aim: This study aims to study the factors associated with stress, anxiety, and coping states in students of 1st and 2nd year in medical and engineering colleges during examinations. Materials and Methods: This prospective, longitudinal study was conducted on 200 undergraduate medical and engineering students from 1st to 2nd year (50 in each year), after obtaining ethical approval from the institutional ethics committee. All the participants gave written informed consent. All students filled a questionnaire which consisted of a general information sheet, perceived stress scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, brief COPE inventory, and sources of stress questionnaire 1 month before and 1 month after their university examinations. Data were analyzed using t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Chi-square test as appropriate. Results: In medical students, perceived stress was significantly higher in those in the management quota (both years), living in shared accommodation and from nuclear family (1st year) and male (2nd year). Only accommodation had a statistically significant relationship with perceived stress in 2nd year engineering students. A statistically significant association of perceived stress and anxiety with academic performance was observed. Anxiety in students was significantly more before the examination compared to after the examination. The association of all the coping strategies used, with the academic performance, was statistically significant. Conclusions: In both medical and engineering students, there was a significant association of perceived stress and anxiety with academic performance. Both medical and engineering students used active coping a little more than avoidant coping strategies during the examination time. The association of all the coping strategies used, with the academic performance, was statistically significant, thereby proving the importance of coping states in academic performance.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on mixed convection flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics of nanofluid through a wedge occupied with water–TiO2 and water–Al2O3 made nanofluid by considering velocity, temperature and concentration slip conditions in present investigation. Design/methodology/approach Using acceptable similarity transformations, the prevailing partial differential equations have been altered into non-linear ordinary differential equations and are demonstrated by the diverse thermophysical parameters. The mathematical model is solved numerically by implementing Galarkin finite element method and the outcomes are shown in tables and graphs. Findings The temperature and concentration fields impede as magnetic field parameter improves in both water–Al2O3 and water–TiO2 nanofluid. While there is contradiction in the velocity field as the values of magnetic field parameter rises in both nanofluids. The non-dimensional velocity rate, rate of temperature and rate of concentration rise with improved values of Weissenberg number. Originality/value Nanofluid flows past wedge-shaped geometries have gained much consideration because of their extensive range of applications in engineering and science, such as, magnetohydrodynamics, crude oil extraction, heat exchangers, aerodynamics and geothermal systems. Virtually, these types of nanofluid flows happen in ground water pollution, aerodynamics, retrieval of oil, packed bed reactors and geothermal industries.

Short bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites were developed with varying fiber content. The void content, density, and weight reduction of these composites were determined. The void content of these composites was found to be decreasing with increasing fiber content. The density of these composites was found to be decreasing with fiber content. The percentage weight reduction of these composites from the matrix was found to be increasing linearly. The bamboo fibers, and the epoxy resin system constituted lighter composites.

The feasibility of using Indian Seed Husk of Bengal Gram (Scientific Name: Cicer arietinum) (SHBG), abundantly available in and around the Kurnool in Andhra Pradesh, for the anionic dye (Congo red, CR) adsorption from aqueous solution, has been investigated as a low cost and an eco-friendly adsorbent. Adsorption studies were conducted on a batch process, to study the effects of contact time, initial concentration of CR, de-sorption and pH. Maximum colour removal was observed at lower pH. The dye attained equilibrium approximately at 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 h for dye concentrations 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l respectively. The present dye removal decreased from 89% to 74% as the dye concentration has been increased from 25 mg/l to 100 mg/l. A maximum removal of 92% is obtained at lower pH. Adsorption decreases with increase in pH. Maximum de-sorption of 26.4% is achieved in water medium at pH 11.95. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The data fitted well with the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 41.66 mg g−1. The pseudo-second-order kinetics was the best for the adsorption of CR, by SHBG with good correlation. The results suggest that SHBG is a potential low-cost adsorbent for the CR dye removal from synthetic dye wastewater.

Abstract— The distribution of argininosuccinate synthetase, argininosuccinase and arginase, and the synthesis of urea in cerebullum. cerebral cortex and brain stem have been studied. Cerebral cortex had high levels of argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinase. and a high ability to synthesize urea from aspartic acid and citrulline. Of the three regions, cerebullum had the highest arginase activity. The activities of the enzymes transamidinase and ornithine aminotransferase in the metabolism of arginine and ornithine in pathways other than urea formation have been studied in the three regions of the rat brain. The activity of creatine phosphokinase in all regions was the same: carbamylphosphatase activity was highest in cerebullum. Cerebral cortex had a high activity of aspartic acid transcarba‐mylase. The brain stem, among the three regions, had the lowest activities of glutamine synthetase and glutaminase. The activities of these enzymes in the different regions are discussed in relation to urea production and the utilization of the urea cycle intermediates. Intraperitoneal injection of high amounts of citrulline brought about a rise in the glutamine synthetase activity of cerebellum and brain stem and a rise in ornithine aminotransferase in cerebral cortex and liver. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of action of citrulline in alleviating the toxicity in hyperammonaemic states.

BACKGROUND: A three-dose, oral rotavirus vaccine (Rotavac) was introduced in the universal immunization program in India in 2016. A prelicensure trial involving 6799 infants was not large enough to detect a small increased risk of intussusception. Postmarketing surveillance data would be useful in assessing whether the risk of intussusception would be similar to the risk seen with different rotavirus vaccines used in other countries. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, hospital-based, active surveillance study at 27 hospitals in India. Infants meeting the Brighton level 1 criteria of radiologic or surgical confirmation of intussusception were enrolled, and rotavirus vaccination was ascertained by means of vaccination records. The relative incidence (incidence during the risk window vs. all other times) of intussusception among infants 28 to 365 days of age within risk windows of 1 to 7 days, 8 to 21 days, and 1 to 21 days after vaccination was evaluated by means of a self-controlled case-series analysis. For a subgroup of patients, a matched case-control analysis was performed, with matching for age, sex, and location. RESULTS: From April 2016 through June 2019, a total of 970 infants with intussusception were enrolled, and 589 infants who were 28 to 365 days of age were included in the self-controlled case-series analysis. The relative incidence of intussusception after the first dose was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.00 to 3.00) in the 1-to-7-day risk window and 0.35 (95% CI, 0.00 to 1.09) in the 8-to-21-day risk window. Similar results were observed after the second dose (relative incidence, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.20 to 2.15] and 1.23 [95% CI, 0.60 to 2.10] in the respective risk windows) and after the third dose (relative incidence, 1.65 [95% CI, 0.82 to 2.64] and 1.08 [95% CI, 0.69 to 1.73], respectively). No increase in intussusception risk was found in the case-control analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The rotavirus vaccine produced in India that we evaluated was not associated with intussusception in Indian infants. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others.).

Background: Hemorrhoids, also called piles are masses or clumps of tissues which consist of muscle and elastic fibers with enlarged, bulging blood vessels and surrounding supporting tissues present in the anal canal of an individual. This condition is a common ailment among the adults. The actual burden of the disease remains unknown. Hence author had undertaken this study to assess the incidence and the risk factors of this disease among the patients in the area.Methods: 63 patients between the ages 20 and 80 who had come to the outpatient ward with hemorrhoids were included into the study. The demographic details from all the patients were noted. Their dietary habits, bowel habits, amount of physical activity, smoking and alcohol use as well as over the counter medication use were noted in detail.Results: Out of the 63 patients under study, 66.67% were males and 33.33% were females, with the most common age group affected was below 40 years of age. Less than 40% of the patients were vegetarians, with more than half of the patients having a mixed diet. More number of women history of hemorrhoids in their family (47.6%), while the history in the males was only 26.2%. Straining and constipation was seen in majority of the patients while many of them also had chronic cough. Bleeding and mass through the rectum was seen in majority of the patients (96.8% and 93.7% respectively) while 76.2% of them had pain during defecation. Few of the patients (33.3%) soiled their clothes.Conclusions: Hemerrhoids are one of the common diseases observed in patients below 40 years of age, especially if they are under stress. Proper diet, which is inclusive of adequate quantities of fibre as well as with less spice is essential to prevent this disease.

The chemical resistance of the glass/bamboo fibers reinforced polyester composites to acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, sodium carbonates, benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, and water was studied. The hybrid fiber composites showed better resistance to these chemicals. Besides this, the tensile properties of glass/bamboo fibers reinforced polyester hybrid composites were studied. The effect of alkali treatment of the bamboo fibers on these properties was also studied. It was observed that tensile properties of the hybrid composites increased with glass fiber content. These properties were found to be higher when alkali treated bamboo fibers were used in the hybrid composites. The elimination of amorphous hemi-cellulose with alkali treatment leading to higher crystallinity of the bamboo fibers may be responsible for these observations.

We have analyzed 7,137 samples from 125 different caste, tribal and religious groups of India and 99 samples from three populations of Nepal for the length variation in the COII/tRNA(Lys) region of mtDNA. Samples showing length variation were subjected to detailed phylogenetic analysis based on HVS-I and informative coding region sequence variation. The overall frequencies of the 9-bp deletion and insertion variants in South Asia were 1.9 and 0.6%, respectively. We have also defined a novel deep-rooting haplogroup M43 and identified the rare haplogroup H14 in Indian populations carrying the 9-bp deletion by complete mtDNA sequencing. Moreover, we redefined haplogroup M6 and dissected it into two well-defined subclades. The presence of haplogroups F1 and B5a in Uttar Pradesh suggests minor maternal contribution from Southeast Asia to Northern India. The occurrence of haplogroup F1 in the Nepalese sample implies that Nepal might have served as a bridge for the flow of eastern lineages to India. The presence of R6 in the Nepalese, on the other hand, suggests that the gene flow between India and Nepal has been reciprocal.