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Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités Sociétés Territoires

facilityToulouse, Occitanie, France

Research output, citation impact, and the most-cited recent papers from Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités Sociétés Territoires (France). Aggregated across the NobleBlocks index of 300M+ scholarly works.

Total works
6.4K
Citations
29.0K
h-index
69
i10-index
516
Also known as
Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités Sociétés Territoires

Top-cited papers from Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités Sociétés Territoires

Mixing beliefs among interacting agents
Guillaume Deffuant, David B. Neau, Frédéric Amblard, Gérard Weisbuch
2000· Advances in Complex Systems2.2Kdoi:10.1142/s0219525900000078

We present a model of opinion dynamics in which agents adjust continuous opinions as a result of random binary encounters whenever their difference in opinion is below a given threshold. High thresholds yield convergence of opinions towards an average opinion, whereas low thresholds result in several opinion clusters: members of the same cluster share the same opinion but are no longer influenced by members of other clusters.

Meet, discuss, and segregate!
Gérard Weisbuch, Guillaume Deffuant, Frédéric Amblard, Jean‐Pierre Nadal
2002· Complexity449doi:10.1002/cplx.10031

Abstract We present a model of opinion dynamics in which agents adjust continuous opinions as a result of random binary encounters whenever their difference in opinion is below a given threshold. High thresholds yield convergence of opinions toward an average opinion, whereas low thresholds result in several opinion clusters. The model is further generalized to network interactions, threshold heterogeneity, adaptive thresholds, and binary strings of opinions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ecophylogenetics: advances and perspectives
Nicolas Mouquet, Vincent Devictor, Christine N. Meynard, François Munoz +4 more
2012· Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society446doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.2012.00224.x

Ecophylogenetics can be viewed as an emerging fusion of ecology, biogeography and macroevolution. This new and fast-growing field is promoting the incorporation of evolution and historical contingencies into the ecological research agenda through the widespread use of phylogenetic data. Including phylogeny into ecological thinking represents an opportunity for biologists from different fields to collaborate and has provided promising avenues of research in both theoretical and empirical ecology, towards a better understanding of the assembly of communities, the functioning of ecosystems and their responses to environmental changes. The time is ripe to assess critically the extent to which the integration of phylogeny into these different fields of ecology has delivered on its promise. Here we review how phylogenetic information has been used to identify better the key components of species interactions with their biotic and abiotic environments, to determine the relationships between diversity and ecosystem functioning and ultimately to establish good management practices to protect overall biodiversity in the face of global change. We evaluate the relevance of information provided by phylogenies to ecologists, highlighting current potential weaknesses and needs for future developments. We suggest that despite the strong progress that has been made, a consistent unified framework is still missing to link local ecological dynamics to macroevolution. This is a necessary step in order to interpret observed phylogenetic patterns in a wider ecological context. Beyond the fundamental question of how evolutionary history contributes to shape communities, ecophylogenetics will help ecology to become a better integrative and predictive science.

Manifesto of computational social science
Rosaria Conte, Nigel Gilbert, Giulia Bonelli, Claudio Cioffi‐Revilla +4 more
2012· The European Physical Journal Special Topics410doi:10.1140/epjst/e2012-01697-8

The increasing integration of technology into our lives has created unprecedented volumes of data on society’s everyday behaviour. Such data opens up exciting new opportunities to work towards a quantitative understanding of our complex social systems, within the realms of a new discipline known as Computational Social Science. Against a background of financial crises, riots and international epidemics, the urgent need for a greater comprehension of the complexity of our interconnected global society and an ability to apply such insights in policy decisions is clear. This manifesto outlines the objectives of this new scientific direction, considering the challenges involved in it, and the extensive impact on science, technology and society that the success of this endeavour is likely to bring about.

Urban Climates and Climate Change
Valéry Masson, Aude Lemonsu, Julia Hidalgo, James Voogt
2020· Annual Review of Environment and Resources346doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083623

Cities are particularly vulnerable to extreme weather episodes, which are expected to increase with climate change. Cities also influence their own local climate, for example, through the relative warming known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. This review discusses urban climate features (even in complex terrain) and processes. We then present state-of-the-art methodologies on the generalization of a common urban neighborhood classification for UHI studies, as well as recent developments in observation systems and crowdsourcing approaches. We discuss new modeling paradigms pertinent to climate impact studies, with a focus on building energetics and urban vegetation. In combination with regional climate modeling, new methods benefit the variety of climate scenarios and models to provide pertinent information at urban scale. Finally, this article presents how recent research in urban climatology contributes to the global agenda on cities and climate change.

Generating WUDAPT Level 0 data – Current status of production and evaluation
Benjamin Bechtel, Paul J. Alexander, Christoph Beck, Jürgen Böhner +4 more
2018· Urban Climate273doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2018.10.001

The World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) project has grown out of the need for better information on the form and function of cities globally. Cities are described using Local Climate Zones (LCZ), which are associated with a range of key urban climate model parameters and thus can serve as inputs to high resolution urban climate models. We refer to this as level 0 data for each city. The LCZ level 0 product is produced using freely available Landsat imagery, crowdsourced training areas from the community, and the open source SAGA software. This paper outlines the protocol by which LCZ maps generated by different members of the community are produced and evaluated. In particular, the quality assessment comprises cross-validation, review, and cross-comparison with other data sets. To date, the results from the different quality assessments show that the LCZ maps are generally of moderate quality, i.e. 50–60% overall accuracy (OA), but this is much higher when considering all built-up classes together or using weights that take the morphological and climatic similarity of certain classes into account. The training data contributed by researchers from around the world also vary in quality and in the interpretation of the landscape, which affects the final quality of the LCZ maps. The acceptable level of quality needed will depend heavily on the application of the data. However, initial modelling studies that use the level 0 products as inputs showed improved performance in simulating the urban climate when replacing the default surface descriptions with the WUDAPT level 0 data. This is also promising for the application of level 0 data in regional and global climate and weather models and supports the assumption that the current level 0 products are already of sufficient quality for certain applications. Moreover, there are various ongoing developments to improve the methods used to produce LCZ maps and their accuracy.

On explicit formulas of edge effect correction for Ripley's<i>K</i>‐function
François Goreaud, Raphaël Pélissier
1999· Journal of Vegetation Science220doi:10.2307/3237072

Abstract. The analysis of spatial pattern in plant ecology usually implies the solution of some edge effect problems. We present in this paper some explicit formulas of edge effect correction that should enable plant ecologists to analyse a wider range of real field data. We consider the local correcting factor of edge effect for Ripley's K ‐function, that can also be used for other statistics of spatial analysis based on the counting of neighbours within a given distance. For both circular and rectangular study areas, we provide a review of explicit formulas and an extension of these formulas for long and narrow plots. In the case of irregular‐shaped study plots, we propose a generalization of the method that computes edge effect correction by excluding triangular surfaces from a simple (rectangular or circular) initial shape. An example in forest ecology, where the soil characteristics determine a study plot of complex shape, illustrates how this edge effect correction can be effective in avoiding misinterpretations.

La sociologie des professions
Florent Champy
2012· Presses Universitaires de France eBooks210doi:10.3917/puf.champ.2012.01

uOpérant une relecture systématique et critique de la littérature sociologique sur les professions, ce manuel vise à dépasser les antinomies fondamentales entre les approches fonctionnaliste et critique. Il en présente les auteurs, les théories, les démarches et les thèmes (travail, carrières, statuts, inégalités de genre, etc.), et met en évidence l’émergence d’un troisième regard centré sur les évolutions actuelles des contenus du travail. Il montre ainsi comment les pressions productivistes et la bureaucratisation des contextes de travail menacent la place des « pratiques prudentielles » dans nos sociétés.

O jovem como modelo cultural
Angelina Peralva
1997· HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)197

In Juventude e contemporaneidade. Coleção Educação para Todos, Brasilia, UNESCO, MEC, ANPED, 2007, 15 pages (Réédition)

Another Discipline for the Market Economy: Marketing as a Performative Knowledge and Know-How for Capitalism
Franck Cochoy
1998· The Sociological Review187doi:10.1111/j.1467-954x.1998.tb03475.x

International audience

Globalization from Below
Olivier Pliez
2012185doi:10.4324/9780203106006

International audience

Adapting cities to climate change: A systemic modelling approach
Valéry Masson, Colette Marchadier, Luc Adolphe, Rahim Aguejdad +4 more
2014· Urban Climate183doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2014.03.004

International audience

At the Heart of the State
Didier Fassin, Yasmine Bouagga, Isabelle Coûtant, Jean‐Sébastien Eideliman +4 more
2015· Pluto Press eBooks182doi:10.2307/j.ctt183p5tb

At the Heart of the State argues against the idea of government institutions as the tools of politics and politicians and explores the inherent morality—or immorality—of such institutions supposedly designed for the public good. The result of a five-year investigation, conducted by ten scholars, At the Heart of the State describes and analyses the police, court systems, prisons, social services, and mental health facilities of France, analyzing the supposed neutrality of these government institutions. Combining genealogy and ethnography, the authors argue that government institutions are not simply concerned with the implementation of laws, rules, and procedures but also with the imposition of values, affects, and judgments.

The Spatial Mobility of the ‘Creative Class’: A European Perspective
Hélène Martin‐Brelot, Michel Grossetti, Denis Eckert, Olga Gritsai +1 more
2010· International Journal of Urban and Regional Research178doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00960.x

Abstract The main aim of this article is to test Richard Florida's hypothesis regarding the spatial mobility of the ‘creative class’ and the role of soft factors in their decisions concerning their place of residence. Empirical data from 11 European cities suggest that the European ‘creative class’ is not as mobile as Florida suggests. Cultural and institutional constraints contribute to lower mobility rates in Europe. In the article the role of ‘personal trajectories’, completely disregarded until now, is highlighted. On the basis of empirical research data, the role of soft location factors in the decisions of creative workers does not seem to be as relevant as has been implied by Florida and others. These factors play only a marginal role in attracting members of the creative class to a city. On the other hand, they do indeed play an important role in retaining them once they have relocated. This provides some support for policies aimed at bringing about the type of conditions characteristic of creative cities. Résumé L'article met à l'épreuve l'hypothèse de Richard Florida concernant la mobilité spatiale de la ‘classe créative’ et le rôle des facteurs intangibles (soft factors) dans le choix du lieu de résidence de ses membres. Des données empiriques collectées dans onze grandes villes d'Europe indiquent que la classe créative européenne n'est pas aussi mobile que Florida le suggère. Des contraintes culturelles et institutionnelles contribuent notamment à y abaisser les taux de mobilité. L'article souligne l'importance des ‘trajectoires personnelles’ jusqu'à présent totalement négligées. D'après les données de l'étude empirique, les facteurs d'implantation intangibles qui entrent dans les décisions des travailleurs créatifs ne sont apparemment pas aussi importants que ce que Florida et d'autres ont donnéà entendre. Ces facteurs ne jouent qu'un rôle marginal pour attirer les membres de la classe créative vers une ville. En revanche, ils présentent effectivement un grand intérêt dans la mesure où ils aident à les retenir une fois sur place. Cet aspect vient appuyer les politiques qui cherchent à réunir les conditions caractéristiques des villes créatives.

A Sociology of Market-Things: On Tending the Garden of Choices in Mass Retailing
Franck Cochoy
2007· The Sociological Review171doi:10.1111/j.1467-954x.2007.00732.x

International audience

La captation des publics
Franck Cochoy
2004· Presses universitaires du Midi eBooks169doi:10.4000/books.pumi.14259

Qui, en gestion, en politique ou en sciences sociales, n'a jamais entendu parler de “captation” des clients, des électeurs, des personnes ? Et pourtant, qui sait vraiment quels sont les ressorts et les enjeux de “la captation des publics” ? La parabole du Petit chaperon rouge suffirait-elle à circonscrire ces pratiques ? Les auteurs du présent ouvrage tentent d'éclairer ces questions à partir de terrains aussi diversifiés que les techniques marchandes (emballage, étiquetage, merchandising), la banque, les cybermarchés, la démocratie électronique, la téléphonie ou les marchés financiers. Ils nous invitent à saisir la pluralité des opérations de captation, qui vont de l'attraction à la fidélisation, en passant par l'information et la séduction. Ils nous montrent que ces pratiques consistent à articuler dispositifs techniques de gestion et dispositions sociales des publics visés. Ils nous font surtout découvrir le caractère très ambigu de ces relations qui, loin de se limiter à de simples rapports de domination ou de manipulation, ouvrent rapidement sur la figure du capteur-capté. L'importance du sujet traité, mais aussi ses enjeux théoriques, pratiques, voire politiques, intéresseront un vaste public : étudiants et chercheurs en gestion, en sciences sociales et en sciences politiques, mais aussi praticiens et simples consommateurs et/ou citoyens soucieux de mieux comprendre et peut-être de mieux maîtriser les modalités de leurs rapports quotidiens.

Regional Development and Proximity Relations
Torre, André, Wallet, Frédéric
2014· Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks130doi:10.4337/9781781002896

International audience

L'imprévisibilité dans les parcours sociaux
Michel Grossetti
2006· Cahiers internationaux de sociologie125doi:10.3917/cis.120.0005

RÉSUMÉ Cet article propose les éléments d’un cadre théorique permettant d’analyser des situations sociales comportant une part d’imprévisibilité. S’intéresser à des ruptures, des changements soudains, c’est en partie revenir sur de vieux tabous de la sociologie et plus généralement des sciences sociales : la contingence, l’événement, l’imprévisible. Une solution possible réside dans la définition précise de ce qui est considéré comme imprévisible et dans la prise en compte de différents niveaux de temporalité, à condition d’accepter l’idée que les temps « courts » peuvent parfois influer sur les temps « longs ».

Socio-économie de proximité
Olivier Bouba‐Olga, Michel Grossetti
2008· Revue d’Économie Régionale & Urbaine124doi:10.3917/reru.083.0311

En 1993, le numéro spécial de la Revue d’Economie Régionale et Urbaine consacré aux économies de proximité fondait une approche originale de la dimension spatiale des phénomènes économiques, et donnait une première expression aux travaux du groupe « Dynamiques de proximité », dont le postulat de base consiste à dissocier la proximité dans l’espace physique d’autres formes de proximité, d’essence non spatiale. Dans cet article, nous proposons une nouvelle typologie qui s’enrichit de certains travaux de la sociologie économique. Nous opérons d’abord une distinction de base entre une proximité spatiale et une proximité socio-économique. Dans un deuxième temps, la proximité socio-économique est décomposée en une proximité de ressources et une proximité de coordination. Cette dernière est enfin décomposée en une proximité relationnelle et une proximité de médiation. Sur cette base, nous insistons sur les interdépendances entre les formes de proximité et sur l’importance des processus d’encastrement et de découplage.

Dynamique des réseaux interpersonnels et des organisations dans les créations d'entreprises
Michel Grossetti, Jean-François Barthe
2008· Revue Française de Sociologie120doi:10.3917/rfs.493.0585

La création d’une entreprise nouvelle est un processus complexe qui fait intervenir de nombreux acteurs et surtout des niveaux d’action différents : les individus et leurs relations, les organisations et leurs relations, des contextes plus larges. Cet article examine les interactions entre les différents niveaux dans une étude de ce processus utilisant une méthode rétrospective fondée sur des histoires de cas, combinant entretiens multiples et sources écrites. L’analyse de ces données montre qu’au-delà de la création de nouvelles ressources, spécifiques à la nouvelle entreprise, une grande partie du processus réside dans la mobilisation de ressources existantes par l’intermédiaire de relations personnelles des fondateurs ou de moyens de médiation plus génériques, ainsi que dans le déplacement des liens entre acteurs et des lignes de partage entre organisations.