Maulana Mukhtar Ahmad Nadvi Technical Campus

Supercapacitors are the cutting-edge, high performing, and emerging energy storage devices in the future of energy storage technology. It delivers high energy and produces higher specific capacitances. This research study provides insights into supercapacitor materials and their potential applications by examining different battery technologies compared with supercapacitors’ advantages and disadvantages. Transition metal hydroxides (cobalt hydroxides) have been studied to develop electrodes for supercapacitors and their use in various fields of energy and conversion devices. Cobalt-based metal oxides and hydroxides provide high-capacitance electrodes for supercapacitors. Metal hydroxides combine high electrical conductivity and excellent stability over time. The metal oxides used to prepare the electrodes for supercapacitors are cobalt-based metal oxides and hydroxides. It is stronger than most of the other oxides and has tremendous electrical conductivity. Cobalt hydroxides are also used in supercapacitors instead of other metal hydroxides, such as aluminum hydroxide, copper hydroxide, and nickel hydroxide. This study gives a complete overview of the preparation, synthesis, analysis, and characterization of cobalt hydroxide thin film electrodes by using the electrochemical deposition technique, parameters measurements, important characteristics, material properties, various applications, and future enhancement in supercapacitors.

The present research article discussed; a detailed energy analysis for single effect vapour absorption refrigeration system using two working pairs Lithium bromide-water (LiBr–H2O) and Lithium chloride-water (LiCl–H2O) under different operating climate conditions. The performance parameters of the both the systems like coefficient of performance (COP), solution concentration, heat load at different components and optimum operating generator temperature have been investigated for both the systems. The capacity of the systems is fixed as 300 kW. The present work has been simulated for the evaporator temperatures of 5, 10 and 15 °C while the condenser temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 °C. Result shows, the maximum COP of LiBr–H2O system comes out to be in the range of 0.741–0.902, whereas in case of LiCl–H2O system it is to be in the range of 0.809–0.926. The minimum load at the generator for LiBr–H2O system is 382.573 kW, while for LiCl–H2O as 370.787 kW. Comparison shows that the LiCl–H2O system has better COP and minimum generator load as compared to LiBr–H2O system, especially at lower evaporator temperatures. The optimum operating generator temperature has been observed 54.56 °C for LiBr–H2O system and 56.25 °C for LiCl–H2O system.

Hand Radiography (RA) is one of the prime tests for checking the progress of rheumatoid joint inflammation in human bone joints. Recognizing the specific phase of RA is a difficult assignment, as human abilities regularly curb the techniques for it. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is the center for hand recognition for recognizing complex examples. The human cerebrum capacities work in a high-level way, so CNN has been planned depending on organic neural-related organizations in humans for imitating its unpredictable capacities. This article accordingly presents the convolutional neural network (CNN) which has the ability to naturally gain proficiency with the qualities and anticipate the class of hand radiographs from an expansive informational collection. The reproduction of the CNN halfway layers, which depict the elements of the organization, is likewise appeared. For arrangement of the model, a dataset of 290 radiography images is utilized. The result indicates that hand X-rays are rated with an accuracy of 94.46% by the proposed methodology. Our experiments show that the network sensitivity is observed to be 0.95 and the specificity is observed to be 0.82.

As a result of its practical and long-term benefits, renewable energy sources are the subject of intensive study. For instance, solar power stations are among the renewable energy systems that may be employed in various places due to their cheaper installation cost and maintenance requirements compared to traditional methods, despite their smaller footprint. Most small power plants solve the problem of equipment sprawl by setting up shops on an outside terrace. On the other hand, big power plants need vast land to construct. Maintaining such a big power station area is difficult for human workers. The suggested method utilizes the Internet of Things (loT) and data mining approaches to assist human managers in identifying power outages and faulty sections of solar power installations, expediting the process of correcting faults, and boosting the production plant's effectiveness.

Abstract In the present communication, performance analyses of interconnected N number of fully covered semitransparent photovoltaic thermal integrated concentrator collectors combined with single effect vapor absorption refrigeration system have been carried out. The proposed system was analyzed under the constant mass flowrate of collectors’ fluid. Mathematical expressions have also been derived for generator temperature of the absorption unit as a function of both design and operating parameters. Further, simulations have been performed for a typical day of May month of New Delhi climatic conditions. Performance parameters have been evaluated such as collector exit temperature, generator inlet temperature, electrical power output, electrical efficiency, overall thermal energy gain, instantaneous thermal efficiency, overall exergy gain and coefficient of performance of the absorption system. The simulation code has been written in matlab. From the present analyses, the following salient conclusions have been drawn: Operating generator temperature of the absorption system is suitable for five number of photovoltaic thermal-integrated parabolic concentrator collector connected in series. The proposed system will continue operating for 5 h during May month in New Delhi climate conditions. The maximum solar coefficient of performance, refrigeration coefficient of performance, and exergy coefficient of performance are reported as 0.1551, 0.8344, and 0.2697, respectively, for the proposed novel system under given design and operating conditions. Additionally, the effects of other design parameters of this novel system have also been investigated.

Ecological Footprint of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations primarily focuses on three parameters: direct/indirect emissions, manpower and physical land requirement. Electric vehicle charging stations rely on electricity to charge EV batteries, and electricity source can significantly influence their environmental impact. The Ecological Footprints of EV charging station is estimated as 40.69 gha. The potential EF reduction of EV charging station is 89.9% by using proposed hybrid power system. The Ecological Footprint of EV charging is about 3.1×10−4 gha/kWh of batteries charging. However, proposed hybrid system may reduce environmental impact of battery charging as 3.15×10−5 gha/kWh of batteries charging. The lifecycle cost of batteries charging is estimated as 0.168 $/kWh. It may reduce as 0.107 $/kWh of batteries charging with installation of proposed hybrid system. Thus, it is crucial to promote the use of renewable energy sources to power electric vehicle charging stations and minimize their environmental impact.

Metal alloy matrix composites are generally lightweight structural materials with a high strength-to-weight ratio. They can be extensively used in various fields of modern engineering applications, such as aerospace and automotive components and biomedical engineering. This study focuses on the development and characterization of lightweight metal alloy matrix composites for industrial applications, with a particular emphasis on magnesium (Mg) alloys as a replacement for aluminum-based alloys. Mg alloys offer significant weight advantages, being 33% lighter than aluminum and 75% lighter than steel, making them highly desirable for use in various engineering fields. In the present study, Mg (AZ91) alloy reinforced with x-Si3N4 composites (x = 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 wt.%) were fabricated using a liquid state process. The AZ91/x-Si3N4 composites were evaluated through physical, mechanical, wear, and microstructural characterization. The experimental results, supported by statistical analysis, demonstrated that the incorporation of Si3N4 particles amplified the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and porosity of the composites. However, the presence of the reinforced particles resulted in reduced forgeability and elongation, limiting certain deformation characteristics. The existence of the reinforced particles within the composites was confirmed through SEM analysis, providing visual evidence of their distribution and interaction within the Mg alloy matrix. Finally, it was concluded that the implication of the study could be sought for the light structural parts of aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and prosthetic applications.

The effect of adding different aggregates on thermal and mechanical properties of concrete is investigated. The materials used as aggregates are crushed rubber results from wasted tiers, recycled plastics, organic, and inorganic wastes. The mechanical and thermal properties of concert investigated are density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity. Moreover, data of the drying rate of concrete with compressive strength are shown. The study shows a comparison between modified concrete and traditional one is shown. Results shown that rubberized concrete showed a drop in the compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and density. For example adding 10% of rubber aggregates the compressive strength dropped by 8 MPa for 7 days of drying and 10 MPa for 28 days of drying. The average reduction of thermal conductivity between the three mixes was 0.11W/m.K. The average decline in the concrete density between the three mixes was 122 kg/m3.

Abstract In the present communication, internal irreversibility at each component of a single-effect vapor absorption refrigeration system has been evaluated and presented. The irreversibility is induced owing to the pressure drop in the shell and tube and energy exchange between the working fluids. Each component of the system is considered to be a shell and tube-type energy exchanger with slight modifications depending upon the applications. Each energy exchanger is divided into three control volumes, namely, tube wall, shell, and tube for which both energy and exergy balances are applied to evaluate the exergy destruction rate (EDR). Moreover, the overall EDR in the energy exchanger is then estimated in the form of pumping work and energy exchange duty. This objective function is further simplified in the form of design parameters such as tube diameter, friction coefficient, number of tubes, number of baffles, and overall heat transfer coefficient for the energy exchanger. In addition to this, optimum generator temperature and minimum EDR of each component of the absorption system have been tabulated and presented. Results show that for a single tube, UA value in the system component ranges from 2.99 W/K to 48.9 W/K depending on the operating conditions and design parameters of the system. Also, the number of tube in the system components ranges from 1108 tubes to 24803 tubes and the number of baffles in the respective components ranges from 2 to 7.

Abstract Dopant‐free cobalt hydroxides were synthesized via electrochemical deposition techniques, employing various precursors. The process involved preparing an aqueous electrolyte with a 0.1 M concentration of the respective precursor at ambient temperature (27°C). The synthesis of cobalt hydroxides was carried out using a two‐electrode system, with a controlled potential of 0.5 V. After the successful synthesis of dopant‐free cobalt hydroxides using the electrochemical deposition techniques with different precursors, the next step involved investigating these cobalt hydroxide electrodes. For this purpose, a three‐electrode system was utilized to analyze their cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characteristics. Furthermore, to gain deeper insights into the properties of the cobalt hydroxide thin films, thorough examination was conducted using various techniques. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to study the crystal structure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the surface morphology, and UV spectra to analyze the optical properties of the thin films. The investigations unveiled that the films displayed a crystalline nature with an average crystallite size of 40 nm. The morphology of the film appeared leaf‐like, and the particle size was measured to be 180 nm. Notably, the cobalt hydroxide electrodes demonstrated exceptional electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance, energy density, and power density of these electrodes were found to have average values of 1140 F/g, 142.5 Wh/kg, and 4.74 W/kg, respectively. These impressive results underscore the excellent performance and robust cycle stability of the cobalt hydroxide electrodes, making them highly promising for supercapacitor applications.

Abstract In the present study, experimental studies have been performed to compare the thermal performance of two geometrically identical box type solar (B-T-S) cookers. To carry out this aim, the thermal performance of BTS cooker in terms of figure of merits, namely, first figure of merit (F1) and second figure of merit (F2) are calculated for both cookers as specified by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). At no-load condition (i.e., stagnation test), it is found that first figure of merit for both cookers that is cooker 1 and cooker 2 is around 0.12. This implies that both the cookers are identical in thermal performance. In addition to this, the effect of lugs height, reflector, number of pots, and load on B-T-S cooker performance have also been investigated. From the results and discussion, it is concluded that the use of lugs reduced the heat transfer rate between cooking pot and absorber plate. Further, it is found that the pot content temperature is enhanced by 25.5% and 23.4% by using mirror and aluminum reflector with cooker, respectively. However, it is observed that the performance parameters of B-T-S cooker in terms of F2 increases linearly with the increase of number of cooking pot (with correlation F2 = 0.0316n + 0.2238, where n is the number of pots) and load (correlation as F2 = 0.0451 m + 0.1844, where m is the mass of water in cooking pot) on the pot.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new area of modern technology today. Transportation, agriculture, healthcare, manufacturing, wearables, smart grid, energy-saving technologies, smart homes, smart management systems, and other fields of engineering, technology, and real-time management all have IoT applications. Moreover, artificial intelligence (AI) has broad applications in the car industry, surveillance, security, education, entertainment, gaming, e-commerce, portable gadgets, robotics, medicinal devices, etc. They require efficient energy to operate for an extended period. These devices necessitate offline and online energy storage devices that discharge for an extended period of time or require less time to charge advanced electrical energy storage devices such as supercapacitors. This review article reveals advanced energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and their applications in IoT and AI-based devices. A supercapacitor is an electrochemical capacitor that has high energy density and better performance efficiency.

Abstract Iron vanadate (FeVO 4 ) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using the sol‐gel auto‐combustion technique, yielding a triclinic nanostructure as revealed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The average size, crystalline structure, and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to investigate the elemental content and purity of the FeVO 4 NPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the surface stretching frequency of the FeVO 4 NPs. Using a doctor blade, the produced FeVO 4 NPs were applied to the surface of a stainless steel (SS) substrate. The fabricated electrode was examined using GCD, EIS, and CV techniques. The absorption spectra exhibited strong absorbance in the visible range, with a band gap of 3.43 eV. Additionally, the FeVO 4 electrode showed supercapacitor properties, with a maximum specific capacitance of 1151.05 F/g in a 1 M KOH electrolyte at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. These results indicate that the prepared FeVO 4 electrode is promising for supercapacitor application due to their excellent electrochemical performance.

Currently, most concrete industries use conventional cement (Ordinary Portland Cement) as a binding material which involves natural resource depletion, colossal CO2 emissions, and a huge energy supply. The present study addresses this critical issue by using stone dust (sun-dried and calcinated) and water treatment sludge (sun-dried and calcinated) to replace cement partly in M20-grade concrete production. The environmental impact of ready-mixed concrete (RMC) production with conventional cement and partially replaced cement by other cementitious material, i.e., stone dust and water treatment sludge in concrete, is assessed through ecological footprint (EF) indicator. Moreover, a novel sustainability index is proposed for ready-mixed concrete plants to scale the environmental impact of different types of concrete (or grades) on the sustainability scale (environmental, social, and economic sustainability). The results showed that the sun-dried water treatment sludge and sun-dried stone dust could effectively replace cement (15% by weight) in the concrete, with a comparable compressive strength over the M20 ready-mixed concrete. The EF of conventional M20 RMC is estimated to be 0.02295 gha/m3. The EF of concrete (with sun-dried water treatment sludge) is reduced by 13.14% of the conventional ready-mixed concrete. The Ecological Sustainability Index (ESI) of the ready-mixed concrete plant is estimated to be 718.42 $/gha. Using water treatment sludge and stone dust in concrete production can be an innovative solution because it simultaneously solves the problem of waste disposal, large carbon emissions, cost, and high environmental impact.

Rapid urbanization significantly impacts natural resource demands and waste management in the construction sector. In this study, a novel methodology has been developed that could assess the overall environmental impact of a building during its lifespan by considering resources such as building materials, energy use, emissions, water, manpower, and wastes. The proposed method can estimate the life cycle ecological footprint (EF T ) of a building. The result indicates that 957.07 global hectares (gha) of bioproductive land are required during the lifespan of the case building. The CO 2 absorption land is the most significant bioproductive land in the EF T of the building. The low environmental impact of building materials may reduce the ecological footprint (EF) of buildings, and using renewable energy can also reduce the operational EF of a building. The proposed building materials and solar PV systems have the potential to reduce the building’s life cycle environmental impact by up to two‐thirds. The EF assessment of all existing and proposed buildings may be examined in order to execute strategies for a sustainable construction sector.

The world’s future is with renewable energy resources and solar energy which is a clean and sustainable energy resource. Solar PV module is exposed to external environments where dust deposits are a major derogatory factor. The soil and its effect on the performance of the solar module is usually a matter of high concern for the areas of high density and high frequency of low frequency and low-intensity rainfall. Due to the PV module, the effects of dust are examined in relation to various types of dust concentration and spectral transmission. For examination and analysis, experimental investigation is reported in the paper. The investigation shows that dust effects are accumulated, i.e., the performance of the PV module decreases over time with increasing statements, or until it is cleaned manually or through rain. It is also observed that the inclination of the PV installation plays a major role in the quantity of dust deposited on the angle equipment, where the concentration of dust is reduced as a result of higher tilt angles. Aligarh, with its irregular environmental conditions, suffers from high air pollution and minimum rainfall during dry winter. In this study, the impact of dust on the PV module is examined in relation to the dust density of the dust and the meteorological variables for Aligarh, with the purpose to calculate the drop equation describing efficiency loss.

The progression of biotechnological and health science fields has instigated a substantial proliferation of data, encompassing high-throughput genetic information and extensive clinical data derived from expansive electronic health record repositories. In the domain of biosciences, the indispensability of machine learning and data mining methodologies has surged, attaining heightened significance for the purpose of converting extant information into usable knowledge. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition that affects human health. Extensive research on diabetes (diagnosis, therapy, etc.) has generated vast volumes of data. Manual diagnosis of diabetes has always been a time-consuming task. Therefore, automatic detection and diagnosis of diabetes using artificial intelligence and machine learning is gaining prominence. In our work, we have devised a novel architecture using machine learning for the automatic diagnosis of diabetes. We implemented our model using many algorithms and found that random forest is the most optimized and accurate one for classification purposes. It produced the highest accuracy of 98.07%, precision, recall, F1-score of 98%, and logarithmic loss of 0.03 using the mRMR feature selection method and 0.2 test split. It produced a recall of 97%, the precision of 97%, an F1-score of 97%, an accuracy of 96.79%, and a log loss of 0.11 on 0.3 test split with mRMR feature selection. Also, the proposed model has performed better than most state-of-the-art models.

ABSTRACT The root extract of Plumbago zeylanica was used to produce iron oxide (FeO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. These metal oxides are easy to produce, inexpensive, and ecologically friendly, with considerable antibacterial activity against common infections. The purpose of this work is to explore a sustainable synthesis method and to investigate the comparative antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized using a variety of techniques, including energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectrophotometry, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The XRD patterns revealed the crystalline structures of the produced metal oxide nanoparticles by displaying prominent, intense peaks. Morphological investigation utilizing SEM and TEM techniques revealed the nanoparticles’ shapes and sizes, with an average particle size ranging from 9 to 36 nm. EDX spectra verified the presence of an oxide layer on all three metal oxide nanoparticles. UV‐vis and FTIR spectroscopy revealed additional optical characteristics. The antibacterial activities of FeO, ZnO, and CuO nanoparticles were tested using disk diffusion assays against Salmonella enterica , Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli . The results showed that the antibacterial efficiency of these nanoparticles varied according to the type of bacteria. ZnO nanoparticles had the highest antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, while FeO nanoparticles had the lowest antibacterial efficacy. These data imply that ZnO nanoparticles, in particular, have antibacterial properties.

Enhancement of heat transfer rate and reduction of fin dimension has major criteria in designing of heat exchanger components. This project is an experimental analysis to investigate forced heat transfer of rectangular fin by comparing both solid and circular perforation along the lateral axis of the fin. Performance is analyzed experimentally by designing experimental setup for specific fin length. Thermal performance, effectiveness and pressure drop reduction. Due to increase in surface area or convective area heat transfer rate increases, pressure drop reduces, Nusselt Number increases. The large impact is that higher reduction in weight of fin is achieved by producing perforation which is the major requirement in heat transfer equipment.

ABSTRACT This study presents a simple, scalable approach for synthesizing binary and ternary composites tailored for electrode materials, with a focus on supercapacitor applications. The composites were fabricated by integrating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with NiCoFe 2 O 4 metal oxides and the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy). The significance of this work lies in the development of supercapacitors, which are highly valued for their superior energy density, fast charge and discharge rates, prolonged life cycle, and cost‐effectiveness. The binary composite, rGO/NiCoFe 2 O 4 , was synthesized using a sol–gel auto‐combustion method, with carbon cloth serving as the electrode substrate for electrochemical testing. Electrochemical analysis showed that the rGO/NiCoFe 2 O 4 binary composite exhibited a specific capacitance of 154 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s. The addition of PPy resulted in the formation of the ternary composite, PPy/rGO/NiCoFe 2 O 4 , which demonstrated a markedly improved specific capacitance of 210 F/g under the same conditions, underscoring the synergistic effect of PPy. Furthermore, galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) analysis revealed specific capacitance values of 222.5 F/g at 1 A/g and 145 F/g at 2 A/g for the ternary composite, compared to 157.1 F/g and 110 F/g for the binary composite. The findings of this investigation emphasize the significant potential of the PPy/rGO/NiCoFe 2 O 4 composite for the development of high‐performance supercapacitors, leveraging the combined benefits of rGO, NiCoFe 2 O 4 , and PPy for superior energy storage capabilities.