Montana State University–Northern

Abstract Understanding the drivers of yield levels under climate change is required to support adaptation planning and respond to changing production risks. This study uses an ensemble of crop models applied on a spatial grid to quantify the contributions of various climatic drivers to past yield variability in grain maize and winter wheat of European cropping systems (1984–2009) and drivers of climate change impacts to 2050. Results reveal that for the current genotypes and mix of irrigated and rainfed production, climate change would lead to yield losses for grain maize and gains for winter wheat. Across Europe, on average heat stress does not increase for either crop in rainfed systems, while drought stress intensifies for maize only. In low-yielding years, drought stress persists as the main driver of losses for both crops, with elevated CO 2 offering no yield benefit in these years.

This article reviews the emerging literature on transnational parenthood, concentrating on six themes: gender, care arrangements, legislation, class, communication and moralities. Gender concerns not only the distinction between transnational motherhood and transnational fatherhood, but also the role of children's gender and the broader networks of gender relations within which transnational parenthood is practised. Care arrangements are often the most tangible challenge for transnational parents, and an area where material and emotional concerns intersect. The third theme, legislation, primarily concerns how immigration law can be decisive for separation and the prospects for reunification, as well as for the practice of parenthood from afar. Analysis of class can help us to understand differences in how transnational parenthood is practised and experienced. Communication across long distances is a defining element in the everyday practice of transnational parenthood, shaped by the intersection of technological, economic and psychological factors. The final theme, moralities, concerns the ways in which context-specific behavioural norms guide transnational parenthood. We subsequently discuss how the age of children is an important differentiating factor in the experience of transnational parenthood. In addition to these thematic discussions, we address methodological issues in the study of the phenomenon. Throughout, we emphasise both the limitations and the dynamism of transnational parenthood as it is experienced and practised in different contexts and throughout the life course.

Four trials were conducted to explore possible advantages of weaning beef calves in two stages compared with the traditional method of weaning by abrupt separation. In the two-stage treatment, calves were prevented from nursing their dam for a period (Stage 1) before their separation (Stage 2). Control calves nursed from their dams until they were separated. Calf weights and behavior were recorded before and after the separation of cows and calves. Following separation, calves weaned in two stages vocalized 96.6% less (P = 0.001) and spent 78.9% less time walking (P = 0.001), 23.0% more time eating (P = 0.001), and 24.1% more time resting (P = 0.001) than control calves. Compared with controls, two-stage calves had lower (P < 0.001) ADG when nursing was deprived (Stage 1), but greater (P < 0.001) ADG during the 7 d following separation. In Trial 3, calves weaned by the two-stage method had greater (P = 0.05) growth rates than control calves for 7 wk after separation, but no treatment effects on ADG were detected (P > 0.38) in Trials 1 and 2. Over the entire study period (before and after separation), ADG did not differ (P > 0.10) for both treatments. In Trial 4, calves weaned in two stages walked 1.3 km/d more (P < 0.05) during the 4-d period when nursing was prevented (Stage 1) and 5.8 km/d less (P < 0.05) during the 4-d period after separation than controls. Differences between treatments were the greatest in the 2 d after separation. On the first day after separation, two-stage calves walked 5.2 +/- 0.5 km/ d, whereas control calves walked 16.7 +/- 3.1 km/d. Calves weaned in two stages were less distressed than calves weaned by the traditional method of abrupt separation based on behavioral data, but overall calf ADG did not differ for either method in this study. Nutritional management of two-stage weaned calves during the nursing-deprived period should be evaluated in future research because poor pasture conditions may have decreased gains by calves weaned by the two-stage method in this study.

Farm fields are traditionally fertilized as one homogeneous soil unit. Most fields, however, contain two or more soils with different crop yield potentials. This study was conducted to (i) measure crop yield differences between contrasting soils within fields, and (ii) compare the economics of “farming soils, not fields,” where contrasting soils in a field receive different vs. uniform rates and formulations of fertilizer. Crop yield variability studies were conducted along 1600 ft transects across several soil units in each of four fields during 1987. Grain yield, test weight, and returns over variable costs varied greatly among soil units in each field ( P &lt; 0.05). Soil fertility studies also revealed differences in grain yield, test weight, and returns among soil units in five fields during 1987 and 1988. Fertility studies indicated yields were similar for small grains when recommended fertilizer treatments were applied as soil unit treatments rather than as a field treatment. Returns were $2.06 to $5.14 greater per acre for the soil treatment than for the field treatment in three of five fields, but overall, the returns were not significantly different. A recommended fertilizer treatment was not always the optimum treatment, however. In two fields, additional returns of $21.68 to $23.51 /acre resulted when optimum soil treatments were applied rather than the field treatment. The data reveal the importance of appropriate crop yield goals, accurate soil tests, and reliable fertilizer recommendations when developing a strategy for generating greater returns by farming soil, not fields. Given these caveats, our work suggests that farming soils, not fields will increase fertilizer profitability.

Application of existing and novel management techniques can alter traditional livestock grazing patterns and significantly improve the sustainability of arid rangelands. Livestock often congregate and heavily graze riparian areas and other sensitive rangeland, while abundant forage remains in other areas. Increasing the uniformity of grazing can help protect fisheries, wildlife habitat, and other vegetative and watershed resources. For years, managers have improved grazing distribution in extensive arid pastures by developing new water sources. In addition, strategic supplement placement can be used to lure cattle to graze areas that typically receive little use. Placement of low-moisture molasses blocks in steeper areas that were far from water increased forage use by 14% at distances up to 600 m from supplement in foothill rangeland. Recent research has examined the potential of breed and individual animal selection to improve grazing distribution patterns. Cattle breeds developed in mountainous terrain utilize rugged rangeland more uniformly than breeds developed in more gentle terrain. In pastures that were grazed by cattle identified as "hill climbers" (previously observed on rugged terrain), more residual vegetation was left on gentle slopes and areas closer to water than in pastures grazed by cattle identified as "bottom dwellers" (previously observed on gentle terrain near water). Cattle may use rugged rangeland more uniformly after weaning and during periods when temperatures are more moderate and the forage is more homogeneous (spring, early summer, and autumn). Herding shows great promise for protecting sensitive rangeland. Preliminary data show that residual riparian forage in pastures where livestock were herded was up to two times higher than in a control pasture. The integration of herding and strategic supplement placement seems to be more effective than herding alone. Many concerns associated with the sustainability of grazing on arid rangelands can be resolved by manipulating livestock grazing behavior through management.

In pursuing a refined Learning Styles Inventory (LSI), Kolb has moved away from the original cyclical nature of his model of experiential learning. Kolb’s model has not adapted to current research and has failed to increase understanding of learning. A critical examination of Kolb’s experiential learning theory in terms of epistemology, educational neuroscience, and model analysis reveals the need for an experiential learning theory that addresses these issues. This article re-conceptualizes experiential learning by building from cognitive neuroscience, Dynamic Skill Theory, and effective experiential education practices into a self-adjusting fractal-like cycle that we call Co-Constructed Developmental Teaching Theory (CDTT). CDTT is a biologically driven model of teaching. It is a cohesive framework of ideas that have been presented before but not linked in a coherent manner to the biology of the learning process. In addition, it orders the steps in a neurobiologically supported sequence. CDTT opens new avenues of research utilizing evidenced-based teaching practices and provides a basis for a new conversation. However, thorough testing remains.

Background: Resistance training (RT) is recommended as part of our national physical activity guidelines which includes working all major muscle groups on two or more days a week.Older adults can gain many health benefits from RT, such as increased muscle strength,increased muscle mass, and maintenance of bone density. Additionally, certain dimensions of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) have been shown to improve in older adults due to RT intervention. The purpose of this study was to use systematic review and meta-analytic techniques to examine the effect of RT on HRQOL in older adults. Methods: A systematic review of current studies (2008 thru 2017) was conducted using PubMed. Studies were included if they used a randomized controlled design, had RT as an intervention, measured HRQOL using the SF-36/12 assessment, and included adults 50+ years of age. Eight dimension scores (physical functioning, bodily pain, physical role function, general health, mental health, emotional role function, social function, and vitality) and two summary scores (physical component and mental component) were extracted. Ten meta-analyses were performed using standardized mean effect sizes and random effects models. Study quality,moderator and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: A total of 16 studies were included in the analyses with a mean Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) score of 4.9 (SD=1.0). Among the mental health measures, RT had the greatest effect on mental health (Effect size [ES]=0.64, 95% CI: 0.30-0.99, I2=79.7). Among the physical health measures, RT had the largest effect on body pain (ES=0.81, 95% CI: 0.26-1.35, I2=85.9).Initially, RT did not significantly affect measures of emotional role function, social function or physical role function. However, after removing a single study, RT significantly increased all HRQOL measures. Conclusion: The meta-analytic evidence presented in this research clearly supports the promotion of RT in improving HRQOL in older adults.

Domestic herbivores often utilize heterogeneous grasslands unevenly which can lead to resource degradation. However, uneven grazing can be beneficial for biodiversity. To fulfill multi- ple land use goals, prediction and management of spatial grazing patterns of livestock are essential. Simulation models based on optimal foraging theory have been useful for quantifying some under- lying behavioral mechanisms. Controlled behavioral studies have shown that livestock have cognitive abilities sufficient to solve complex spatial tasks. Livestock appear to evaluate the tradeoffs between travel costs and forage quality and quantity. Recent studies of grazing behavior and spatial movement patterns of livestock have led to development and reevaluation of management tools to mod- ify grazing distribution. Providing water, supplement, salt, shade and shelter can attract livestock to underutilized feeding sites. Selecting animals that are more willing to climb slopes and travel far from water may improve forage use in rugged terrain. To ensure the sustainability and productivity of heterogeneous grasslands, managers must be able to understand and manipulate livestock grazing patterns. Continued research at both theoretical and applied levels is needed. &copy; Elsevier/Inra ungulates / grazing / distribution / behavior / biodiversity Rsum &mdash; Utilisation des pturages htrognes par herbivores domestiques : de la thorie l'amnagement. Les herbivores domestiques exploitent ingalement les pturages htrognes et peuvent ainsi les dgrader. Cependant, un pturage ingal favorise la biodiversit. Pour rpondre des objectifs de gestion souvent multiples, il est essentiel de pouvoir prdire et contrler la distribution spatiale des troupeaux. Des modles qui utilisent les prdictions de la Thorie de l'Alimentation Optimale ont permis de quantifier certains des mcanismes comportementaux sous-jacents. Des tudes en situation contrle ont montr que les capacits cognitives des herbivores leur permettent

Abstract Future rapid increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentration [ CO 2 ] are expected, with values likely to reach ~550 ppm by mid‐century. This implies that every terrestrial plant will be exposed to nearly 40% more of one of the key resources determining plant growth. In this review we highlight selected areas of plant interactions with elevated [ CO 2 ] (e[ CO 2 ]), where recently published experiments challenge long‐held, simplified views. Focusing on crops, especially in more extreme and variable growing conditions, we highlight uncertainties associated with four specific areas. (1) While it is long known that photosynthesis can acclimate to e[ CO 2 ], such acclimation is not consistently observed in field experiments. The influence of sink–source relations and nitrogen (N) limitation on acclimation is investigated and current knowledge about whether stomatal function or mesophyll conductance ( g m ) acclimate independently is summarised. (2) We show how the response of N uptake to e[ CO 2 ] is highly variable, even for one cultivar grown within the same field site, and how decreases in N concentrations ([N]) are observed consistently. Potential mechanisms contributing to [N] decreases under e[ CO 2 ] are discussed and proposed solutions are addressed. (3) Based on recent results from crop field experiments in highly variable, non‐irrigated, water‐limited environments, we challenge the previous opinion that the relative CO 2 effect is larger under drier environmental conditions. (4) Finally, we summarise how changes in growth and nutrient concentrations due to e[ CO 2 ] will influence relationships between crops and weeds, herbivores and pathogens in agricultural systems.

A study was conducted on foothills rangeland to determine whether grazing patterns differed among cow breeds and to determine whether there was a relationship between individual grazing patterns and performance of beef cows. Hereford (HH), Tarentaise (TT), 3/4 Hereford x 1/4 Tarentaise (3H1T), 1/2 Hereford x 1/2 Tarentaise (HT), and 1/4 Hereford x 3/4 Tarentaise (1H3T) cows were observed during the summers of 1997 (n = 183) and 1998 (n = 159). Locations of individual cows were recorded two to three times per week during 1.5- to 2.5-h periods in the morning by observers on horseback. Statistical models included cow breed, age, and nursing status. Data from each year were analyzed separately. During 1997 and 1998, nonlactating cows were located at greater (P < 0.05) vertical distances from water than lactating cows. In 1998, nonlactating cows used steeper (P < 0.05) slopes than lactating cows. However, nonlactating cows did not travel as far horizontally from water (P < 0.05) as lactating cows in 1997. Younger cows (3 yr) traveled further (P < 0.05) from water both vertically and horizontally than older cows (5+ yr) in 1997, but not during 1998. Tarentaise and 1H3T cows were observed at greater (P < 0.05) vertical distances from water than HH cows during both years of the study. During 1998, TT and 1H3T cows used steeper (P < 0.05) slopes than HH cows. Using residual correlations, there were no consistent relationships between topographic aspects of individual grazing locations and cow weight, height, and body condition score. In 1997, cows with earlier calving dates and correspondingly heavier calf weaning weights used areas that had greater vertical distances to water; however, in 1998 there were no relationships (P > 0.05) of calving date and weaning weight with cow location. During both years, pregnant and nonpregnant cows used terrain similarly (P > 0.05), which suggests that cow reproductive performance was not related to terrain use. Grazing patterns in foothills rangeland varied among cow breeds. Performance of cows that used more rugged topography was similar to cows using gentler terrain.

We compile detrital 10Be concentrations of Alpine rivers, representing the denudation rates pattern for 375 catchments across the entire European Alps. Using a homogeneized framework, we employ state-of-the-art techniques for inverting in-situ 10Be concentrations into denudation rates. From our compilation, we find that (i) while lithologic properties and precipitation/runoff do influence erosion mechanisms and rates at the scale of individual catchments and in some specific Alpine regions, such controls do not directly stand for the entire Alps, (ii) as also previously suggested, catchment-wide denudation rates across the entire European Alps closely follow first-order Alpine topographic metrics at the scale of individual catchments or selected Alpine sub-regions. However, in addition to previous local-scale studies conducted in the European Alps, our large-scale compilation highlights a functional relationship between catchment-wide denudation and mean catchment slope angle. Catchment-wide denudation positively correlates with mean catchment slope up to a threshold angle (25–30°). Above this threshold, any correlation between catchment-wide denudation and slope as well as other catchment metrics breaks apart. We can reconcile these systematic patterns by proposing a regional erosion model based on diffusive-transport laws for catchments located below the slope threshold angle. In oversteepened catchments situated above-threshold slopes, erosion is stochastic in nature, as glacial carving likely caused a partial decoupling between hillslope and fluvial domains with complex topographic relationships and sediment connectivity patterns. Finally, we identify a first-order positive relationship between modern geodetic rock uplift and catchment-wide denudation for the European Alps. The observed spatial pattern is highly variable and possibly reflects the surface response to deep geodynamic mechanisms prevailing in the different Alpine regions. We conclude that today's topography and geomorphic features of the entire Alps are the result of a millenial-scale geomorphic response to past glacial processes and active rock uplift, highlighting a link between external and internal drivers for mountain erosion.

Journal Article Termination and Relocation: Federal Indian Policy, 1945–1960 Get access Termination and Relocation: Federal Indian Policy, 1945–1960. By Fixico Donald L.. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1986. xviii + 268 pp. Illustrations, maps, appendixes, notes, bibliography, index. $27.50.) Larry Burt Larry Burt Northern Montana College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 19, Issue 2, May 1988, Page 224, https://doi.org/10.2307/968418 Published: 01 May 1988

Abstract Biodiesel derived from camelina as well as other feedstocks including palm, mustard, coconut, sunflower, soybean and canola were prepared via the conventional base‐catalyzed transesterification with methanol. Fatty acid profiles and the fuel properties of biodiesel from different vegetable oils were analyzed and tested in accordance with ASTM D6751. Camelina biodiesel contains 10–12%, 37–40%, and 48–50% saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated components, respectively. Some fuel properties of camelina biodiesel are comparable to that of sunflower biodiesel including kinematic viscosity (40 °C), flash point, cloud point, cold filter plugging point, and oil stability index. However, camelina biodiesel exhibited the poorest oxidative stability, highest distillation temperature and has the highest potential to form coke during combustion, all of which are attributed to the high amounts of n‐3‐fatty acids in camelina oil. While neat camelina biodiesel may exhibit undesirable fuel properties, it is very comparable with soybean biodiesel at the B20 level.

Birth weights (BW) and weaning weights (WW) of 4,423 non-creep-fed Hereford calves were used to estimate direct and maternal sources of variation and maternal phenotypic effects (fm). Seventeen different (co)variances among relatives were estimated through Henderson's Method III and restricted estimated maximum likelihood procedures. Direct and maternal (co)variances and fm were evaluated by multiple regression procedures. Estimates of h2 for BW and WW were .28 and .28 respectively, by the paternal half-sib procedure and .45 and .88, respectively, based on full-sibs. Repeatability estimates were .21 for BW and .30 for WW. Heritabilities based on regression of offspring on dam and offspring on sire were .45 and .21 for BW and .28 and .06 for WW, respectively. Negative correlations were found between solutions for additive genetic direct and additive maternal effects (rG). Estimates of rG ranged from -.86 to -1.05 for BW and from -.57 to -.79 for WW. Estimates of heritability for direct effects (h2o), for maternal effects (h2m) and for total additive genetic effects (h2T) were .16 to .27, .18 to .63 and -.02 to .05 for BW and .26 to .32, .27 to .67 and .10 to .20 for WW. Dominance affected both direct and maternal effects for BW and WW. Values of -.15 (BW) and -.25 (WW) were found for fm (path coefficient between the maternal phenotypes of dam and daughter). These results indicated that selection response would be decreased due to the negative genetic correlation between direct and maternal effects.

ABSTRACT The wheat stem sawfly (WSS) ( Cephus cinctus Nort.) is an important pest of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) in the Northern Great Plains. This paper reports the genetic analysis of antixenosis for egg‐laying WSS females in recombinant inbred lines (RIL) of hard red spring wheat. Female WSS preferentially choose certain wheat genotypes for egg‐laying, with the cultivar Reeder being preferred and Conan being less preferred. We measured percent stem infestation and percent stem cutting for 91 RIL from a Reeder–Conan cross in four sawfly‐infested locations in Montana. Heritability based on means over environments was h 2 = 0.86 for infestation and h 2 = 0.75 for cutting. Percent infestation was negatively correlated with heading date ( r = −0.57, P &lt; 0.001) and degree of stem solidness ( r = −0.31, P &lt; 0.01). A molecular map was created with 431 markers. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for infestation and cutting were identified as cosegregating with QTL for heading date (controlled by Ppd‐D1 on chromosome 2D) and stem solidness (controlled by Qss.msub.3BL ). Additionally, significant QTL for infestation and cutting on chromosomes 2D and 4A were present in several environments, and did not cosegregate with heading date, plant height, or solid stems. These QTL may complement the use of solid stems for host plant resistance by developing wheat lines that vary for attractiveness to the wheat stem sawfly.

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of three irrigation regimes and three intercrop treatments on emergence, plant height, seed yield, protein, and mineral concentration of two quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) varieties. The experiment was carried out using a strip plot, randomized complete block design in 2012 and 2013 on an organic farm in Pullman, WA. Irrigation significantly increased quinoa yield compared to dry land production. The fescue/clover intercrop produced higher biomass compared to clover/medic intercrop. Neither intercrop affected quinoa yield. The cultivar “Oro de Valle” had higher mineral concentration than “Cherry Vanilla” for Cu, Fe, and P concentration, but lower seed yield each year. An interaction was found between Mn seed concentration and intercrop treatment; however, different intercrop treatments did not seem to greatly affect other seed mineral concentrations. The intercrop provided cover in the field during the winter months, thus, decreasing soil erosion and providing green manure the following season. The fescue grass clover mix created more winter cover compared to the clover/medic intercrop whereas the clover and medic mixture increased quinoa seed protein.

The impact of interactions between water and N stress on 13 C isotopic discrimination (Δ) is not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of N on Δ in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) grown under low, moderate, and high water stress. In a field study located near Havre, Montana, USA (48° 30′ N lat. and 109° 22′ W long.), wheat grown under three different water stress environments (low, moderate, and high) was fertilized with three different N rates (none, moderate, and high). Each treatment was replicated four times. The grain N fertilizer use efficiency increased as water stress decreased. A differential response of Δ to N was observed. In general, if plants were grown under high water stress and N increased yield, then adding N to N‐deficient plants reduced Δ (−0.01‰ for every kg of N added); and if plants were grown under low water stress and N increased yield, then adding N had little or no impact on Δ. The break point between N impacting or not impacting Δ was ∼17.45‰. Under non‐N limiting (moderate and high N) conditions the equation relating Δ to yield was, yield (kg ha −1 ) = −11000 + 884 Δ, r = 0.92**. Wheat grown under N‐deficient conditions (0N treatment) did not fit this curve. By accounting for the impact of water and N stress on Δ, this variation could be explained. Results from this study suggest that Δ can be used to characterize N and water stress at different landscape positions in watershed studies.

ABSTRACT The most common genes for semidwarf habit in modern wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars are found at the Rht‐B1 and Rht‐D1 loci on chromosomes 4B and 4D, respectively. An alternative gene for semidwarf habit, Rht8 , has shown potential as a replacement for Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1b in some environments. The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of the height‐reducing gene Rht8 relative to Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1b on performance of spring wheat in Montana and Washington environments characterized by terminal drought stress. Evaluation of near‐isogenic lines developed in four genetic backgrounds showed that Rht‐B1b , Rht‐D1b , and Rht8 caused height reduction of 19, 20, and 6.5%, respectively, relative to wild‐type near‐isogenic lines over 12 environments. An increase in grain yield was associated with reduced height for lines containing Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1b based on means over the four genetic backgrounds and 10 environments. Height reduction and yield increase associated with Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1b were significant in most environments. Lines with Rht8 yielded less than wild‐type based on means over environments and in 3 of 10 individual environments. Reduced height lines with Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1b tended to have a higher harvest index and more seed per spike than wild‐type lines and reduced height lines with Rht8 . In sum, our results suggest that Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1b are superior to Rht8 as a source for height reduction for spring wheat in the tested environments.

Spotted knapweed is the most serious range weed problem in western Montana. Although picloram is often used to control knapweed, the economic feasibility of the practice has not been evaluated. We developed a model to economically evaluate spotted knapweed control on rangeland. Model functions describing the dynamics of the plant community preceding and following treatment were derived from field observations in western Montana. Economic returns per management unit were calculated for 3 scenarios: (1) no treatment, (2) containment, and (3) eradication of spotted knapweed. After tax costs and benefits of treatments were analyzed for a 20-year period and discounted to the present. An economic loss in current dollars of 2.38/ha was incurred under the no treatment strategy when 25% of the management unit was initiaily infested with spotted knapweed and the weed was spreading to new acres and replacing desirable forage. After-tax present value of added AUMs in the eradication strategy was greater than the after-tax present value of added costs, 3.41/ha and l.99/ha, respectively. As site productivity, value of an AUM, and rate of knapweed spread to new acres increased, economic returns increased relative to treatment costs. In contrast, herbicide treatment became least cost-effective as knapweed utilization by livestock increased. Thus, economic feasibility of spotted knapweed control varied with economic and biologic conditions.

ABSTRACT Amylose content in wheat endosperm is controlled by three Wx loci, and the proportion of amylose decreases with successive accumulation of Wx null alleles at the three loci. The proportion of amylose is believed to influence end‐use quality of bread and Asian noodles. The objectives of this study were to determine influence of the allelic difference at Wx‐B1 locus on bread quality, bread firmness, and white salted noodle texture in a spring wheat cross segregating for the Wx‐B1 locus and in a set of advanced spring wheat breeding lines differing in allelic state at the Wx‐ B1 locus. In addition, we examined the relationship between amylose content and flour swelling properties on bread and noodle traits. Fifty‐four recombinant inbred lines of hard white spring wheat plus parents were grown in replicated trials in two years, and 31 cultivars and breeding lines of hard spring wheat were grown in two locations. Bread and white salted noodles were processed from these trials. The presence of the Wx‐B1 null allele reduced amylose content by 2.4% in a recombinant inbred population and 4.3% in a survey of advanced breeding lines and cultivars compared with the normal. The reduced amylose was accompanied by an average increase in flour swelling power (FSP) for the Wx‐B1 null group of 0.8 g/g for the cross progeny and 2.3 g/g for the cultivar survey group. The Wx‐B1 allelic difference did not affect flour protein in cross progeny where the allelic difference was not confounded with genetic background. Bread from the Wx‐B1 null groups on average had increased loaf volume and was softer than the normal group for the cross progeny and cultivar survey group. The Wx‐B1 allelic difference altered white salted noodle texture, most notably noodle springiness and cohesiveness where the Wx‐B1 null groups was more springy and more cohesive than the normal groups for both sets of genetic materials. Flour protein was more highly related to loaf volume than were FSP or amylose. Both flour protein and FSP were positively related to noodle textural traits, but especially noodle springiness and cohesiveness.