Norwalk Community College

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of Triton X-100 solubilized proteins from normal and abnormal platelets was performed with rabbit antibodies raised against normal platelets. In Bernard-Soulier platelets protein 13 was not detected, and neither the amphiphilic (probably GP Ib) nor the hydrophilic (glycocalicin) glycocalicin-related proteins were seen when monospecific antiglycocalicin antiserum was used. The most prominent precipitate, 16, and platelet fibrinogen, 24 were not detected in platelets of two patients with type I thrombasthenia, whereas in one patient with type II thrombasthenia fibrinogen was clearly detected, but the amount of protein 16 remained severely reduced. Protein 16 was heavily labeled after lactoperoxidase-catalyzed (125)I iodination of normal platelets, and was precipitated by IgG-L, an alloantibody from a polytransfused thrombasthenic patient. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) or protein 16 cut out from immunoplates showed two (125)I-labeled glycoprotein bands, which migrate as GP IIb and GP IIIa. SDS-PAGE of (125)I-labeled type I thrombasthenic platelets showed no periodic acid-Schiff bands or peaks of radioactivity in the GP IIb and GP IIIa regions, whereas in the GP I region both the periodic acid-Schiff band intensity and the radiolabeling were within the normal range. Autoradiography after crossed immunoelectrophoresis of iodinated thrombasthenic platelets showed that the bulk of radioactivity was bound to protein 17. This glycoprotein, which was also present in normal and Bernard-Soulier platelets, migrates in the GP I region on SDS-PAGE. Thus, the bulk of radioactivity observed in the GP I region after SDS-PAGE is associated with protein 17 and not with glycocalicin.

Abstract Using mixed methods, building evaluation into new programs, and conducting research that is authentic and meaningful to the internal campus community can generate interest and help fuel a data‐intensive cultural transformation.

This article describes a survey of itinerant early childhood special education teachers in one state. Itinerant teachers address the Individualized Education Program (IEP) goals and objectives of children who receive special education services in their homes or in a community-based program. Itinerant teachers who responded to this survey identified a range of strategies they use as part of their jobs. Most of the strategies identified as frequently used involve providing direct services to children. Teachers reported infrequent implementation of indirect services such as modeling intervention techniques and writing intervention plans for general education teachers or parents. Itinerant teachers reported being satisfied with their job and were generally welcomed in classrooms and homes.

First Page

BACKGROUND: In response to supply shortages caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs or "masks"), which are typically single-use devices in healthcare settings, are routinely being used for prolonged periods and in some cases decontaminated under "reuse" and "extended use" policies. However, the reusability of N95 masks is limited by degradation of fit. Possible substitutes, such as KN95 masks meeting Chinese standards, frequently fail fit testing even when new. The purpose of this study was to develop an inexpensive frame for damaged and poorly fitting masks using readily available materials and 3D printing. RESULTS: An iterative design process yielded a mask frame consisting of two 3D printed side pieces, malleable wire links that users press against their face, and cut lengths of elastic material that go around the head to hold the frame and mask in place. Volunteers (n = 45; average BMI = 25.4), underwent qualitative fit testing with and without mask frames wearing one or more of four different brands of FFRs conforming to US N95 or Chinese KN95 standards. Masks passed qualitative fit testing in the absence of a frame at rates varying from 48 to 94 % (depending on mask model). For individuals who underwent testing using respirators with broken or defective straps, 80-100 % (average 85 %) passed fit testing with mask frames. Among individuals who failed fit testing with a KN95, ~ 50 % passed testing by using a frame. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that mask frames can prolong the lifespan of N95 and KN95 masks by serving as a substitute for broken or defective bands without adversely affecting fit. Use of frames made it possible for ~ 73 % of the test population to achieve a good fit based on qualitative and quantitative testing criteria, approaching the 85-90 % success rate observed for intact N95 masks. Frames therefore represent a simple and inexpensive way of expanding access to PPE and extending their useful life. For clinicians and institutions interested in mask frames, designs and specifications are provided without restriction for use or modification. To ensure adequate performance in clinical settings, fit testing with user-specific masks and PanFab frames is required.

This study examined the cultural aspects of a transfer articulation policy between public community colleges and state universities enacted by a newly consolidated state governing board for higher education in a northeastern state. A qualitative multisite case study design explored how key stakeholders, faculty, administrators and staff viewed the transfer policy from their unique perspectives. Tierney’s (2008) cultural analysis of governance was used to examine the effectiveness of communication and decision-making on the part of the board. The study also applied Handel’s (2011) theory of a transfer affirming culture along with Jain, Herrera, Bernal, and Solorzano’s (2011) research on the requisite services for pretransfer and posttransfer success of nontraditional students. The use of several theoretical frameworks provides “a more powerful lens than when using only one in helping to interpret and understand culture” (Kezar & Eckel, 2002, p. 440). The study was guided by the following question: How do community college and state university faculty, administrators and staff perceive the Transfer Mobility Policy in relation to their campus cultures? The findings identified difficulties with community college curricula and student transfer advising as well as a cultural gap between the community colleges and the state university. They underscored the politics that surrounds higher education governance reform and resultant clash between political and academic cultures. This study may help policy makers promote statewide transfer and articulation initiatives and be instructive for faculty, administrators, and staff as they seek to improve the success of students who transfer from community colleges to four-year colleges and universities.

A method is presented for test construction and scoring which utilizes the knapsack model of mathematical programming. The method applies to examinations of the type in which a choice exists in the number of questions the examinee is required to answer. The method has been utilized with respect to a Mathematics examination and computer generated results of this test are provided.

BACKGROUND: Gait impairments related to Parkinson's disease (PD) include variable step length and decreased walking velocity, which may result in poorer walking economy. Auditory cueing is a common method used to improve gait mechanics in PD that has been shown to worsen walking economy at set treadmill walking speeds. It is unknown if auditory cueing has the same effects on walking economy at self-selected treadmill walking speeds. OBJECTIVES: To determine if auditory cueing will affect walking economy at self-selected treadmill walking speeds and at speeds slightly faster and slower than self-selected. METHODS: Twenty-two participants with moderate PD performed three, 6-minute bouts of treadmill walking at three speeds (self-selected and ± 0.22 m·sec-1). One session used cueing and the other without cueing. Energy expenditure was measured and walking economy was calculated (energy expenditure/power). RESULTS: Poorer walking economy and higher energy expenditure occurred during cued walking at a self-selected and a slightly faster walking speed, but there was no apparent difference at the slightly slower speed. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that potential gait benefits of auditory cueing may come at an energy cost and poorer walking economy for persons with PD at least at some treadmill walking speeds.

Journal Article The Takoradi Route: Roosevelt's Prewar Venture beyond the Western Hemisphere Get access Deborah Wing Ray Deborah Wing Ray associate professor Norwalk Community College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 62, Issue 2, September 1975, Pages 340–358, https://doi.org/10.2307/1903258 Published: 01 September 1975

BACKGROUND: In response to supply shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic, N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs or "masks"), which are typically single-use devices in healthcare settings, are routinely being used for prolonged periods and in some cases decontaminated under "reuse" and "extended use" policies. However, the reusability of N95 masks is often limited by degradation or breakage of elastic head bands and issues with mask fit after repeated use. The purpose of this study was to develop a frame for N95 masks, using readily available materials and 3D printing, which could replace defective or broken bands and improve fit. RESULTS: An iterative design process yielded a mask frame consisting of two 3D-printed side pieces, malleable wire links that users press against their face, and cut lengths of elastic material that go around the head to hold the frame and mask in place. Volunteers (n= 41; average BMI= 25.5), of whom 31 were women, underwent qualitative fit with and without mask frames and one or more of four different brands of FFRs conforming to US N95 or Chinese KN95 standards. Masks passed qualitative fit testing in the absence of a frame at rates varying from 48 - 92% (depending on mask model and tester). For individuals for whom a mask passed testing, 75-100% (average = 86%) also passed testing with a frame holding the mask in place. Among users for whom a mask failed in initial fit testing, 41% passed using a frame. Success varied with mask model and across individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The use of mask frames can prolong the lifespan of N95 and KN95 masks by serving as a substitute for broken or defective bands without adversely affecting fit. Frames also have the potential to improve fit for some individuals who cannot fit existing masks. Frames therefore represent a simple and inexpensive way of extending the life and utility of PPE in short supply. For clinicians and institutions interested in mask frames, designs and specifications are provided without restriction for use or modification. To ensure adequate performance in clinical settings, qualitative fit testing with user-specific masks and frames is required.

This chapter looks at community college faculty engagement in scholarship. Community college faculty spend the majority of their time engaged in teaching, and therefore their scholarship typically focuses on strengthening curriculum and instruction. The paper identifies some of the structural and cultural challenges and supports to scholarship at community colleges. The author concludes that mechanisms for encouraging and rewarding scholarship at community colleges remain underutilized.

Technological innovation has become a driver of educational and leadership development practices that place students at the center of learning and leadership development experiences.

ABSTRACT PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD) IS ASSOCIATED WITH MOTOR AND NONMOTOR IMPAIRMENTS THAT RESULT IN PHYSICAL DECONDITIONING, INABILITY TO PERFORM ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING, AND REDUCED QUALITY OF LIFE. THIS COLUMN WILL DISCUSS EXERCISE TESTING AND PRESCRIPTION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PERSONS WITH PD AS A METHOD TO MANAGE THE DISEASE AND IMPROVE FITNESS.

Paul M. Gallo, Ed.D., FACSM, ACSM-CEP, ACSM-EP, ACSM-GEI, is the director of Exercise Science and Wellness at Norwalk Community College, Norwalk, CT; adjunct faculty at Teachers College Columbia University, New York; and a past president of ACSM's New England Chapter. Dr. Gallo is the chair of ACSM's CCRB-Continuing Professional Education Subcommittee, associate editor-in-chief of ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal®, and associate editor for the Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology. He strongly believes in the importance of translating science to evidence-based practice within the health fitness and exercise science fields. Disclosure: The author declares no conflict of interest and does not have any financial disclosures.

INTRODUCTIONOn many occasions, students and professionals may have confusion with the scope and role of health fitness professionals (i.e., personal trainers and group exercise instructors) and clinical exercise physiologists. In addition, it is not always an easy decision to determine which certification is the best option for a person’s career goals. This column aims to give a general overview of the differences in the professional scope and role of the health fitness professional and clinical exercise physiologist, to highlight available certifications for each profession through ACSM, and to provide an update on salary and job forecasts (1). In addition to education, general certification demonstrates that a person has met the minimum competencies for entry-level employment as determined by ACSM’s job task analysis for each certification (2). Although some of the certifications require a high school diploma as a minimum qualification, each candidate should consider formal educational training and the completion of a certificate and/or minimum of an associate’s degree. Depending on the career goal, the timing to complete a certification may assist with enhanced work/internship opportunities. For example, an individual studying to become a clinical exercise physiologist may benefit from taking a health fitness certification that will result in employment ahead of graduation or greater hands-on opportunities at an internship that can provide experience with managing clients. Each section below will go into detail regarding the different roles of each professional and the appropriate ACSM certification within each role.SCOPE AND ROLE OF A HEALTH FITNESS PROFESSIONAL According to the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, the health fitness professional’s role is to conduct client consultations and goal setting, fitness assessments, and exercise programming for the health-related components of fitness (3), as well as motivate the client through individual or group training sessions (1). The clientele of the health fitness professional includes people of all ages and fitness levels who are healthy or have medically controlled chronic disease. The U.S. Department of Labor includes personal “fitness” trainers and group fitness instructors in this category and describes their work setting as being health clubs, fitness/recreation centers, gyms, and group fitness studios (1). It is projected that between the years 2016 and 2026, there will be a 10% growth for health fitness professionals because of increased population health needs that can be controlled with physical activity and exercise. This equates to an additional 30,000 jobs during this time, described by the U.S. Department of Labor as a profession growing “faster than average” (1). It is projected that between the years 2016 and 2026, there will be a 10% growth for health fitness professionals because of increased population health needs that can be controlled with physical activity and exercise. This equates to an additional 30,000 jobs during this time, described by the U.S. Department of Labor as a profession growing “faster than average” (1). The median salary for this profession is $39,820, with typical entry-level education being a high school diploma or equivalency and at least one recognized certification. ACSM has three health fitness certifications with different eligibility requirements as described in the Table (2). The ACSM Certified Personal Trainer® (ACSM-CPT) allows qualified individuals to execute the general scope of practice in a one-on-one training setting with healthy and medically cleared clients. An ACSM-CPT also may provide programming for motor skill-related components of fitness (3) such as balance, agility, and coordination. ACSM Certified Group Exercise Instructors® (ACSM-GEI) are able to lead group exercise sessions with apparently healthy and medically cleared individuals, and those with disability and disease who can exercise independently. The ACSM-GEI is proficient in group exercise techniques, designing and leading class sessions, and motivating clients toward positive behavior change for a healthy lifestyle. The more advanced ACSM health fitness credential is the ACSM Certified Exercise Physiologist® (ACSM-EP). The ACSM-EP certified professional is able to work with clients who have medically controlled diseases or disabilities. The ACSM-EP is skilled to perform preparticipation screening and risk assessment, administer exercise assessments, and provide client education to help promote behavior modification and healthy lifestyles.TABLE: ACSM Health Fitness and Clinical Certifications Eligibility CriteriaSCOPE AND ROLE OF A CLINICAL EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGISTThe clinical exercise physiologist is an allied health care professional who typically works full-time in hospitals and outpatient clinics, alongside other health care providers, and can be self-employed (1). According to the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, the clinical exercise physiologist is able to administer exercise tests and develop fitness programs that assist patients in the recovery and current management of chronic disease and disabilities (1). These conditions include, but are not limited to cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, orthopedic, and musculoskeletal diseases. A clinical exercise physiologist also can provide education and programming to help with the prevention of disease (primary) and management of risk factors associated with disease (secondary) in people of all populations and ages (2). Clinical exercise physiologists typically have entry-level education of a bachelor’s degree in exercise science or kinesiology and clinical experience (1). The U.S. Department of Labor forecasts a 13% growth between the years 2016 and 2026, resulting in an additional 2,000 clinical jobs (1). The median pay for the clinical exercise physiologist is $49,270, with salary being slightly higher for those professionals who have a graduate degree (1). As one of the most widely recognized certifications, ACSM offers the Certified Clinical Exercise Physiologist® (ACSM-CEP) credential that indicates entry-level competencies to deliver the scope of the clinical exercise physiologist (2). The Table discusses the differences in eligibility criteria for those individuals who have a bachelor’s versus master’s degree (2). Regardless of the level of education, an exam candidate is required to complete an application and provide documentation of clinical experience (2). All ACSM-CEPs also are encouraged to become members of the Clinical Exercise Physiology Association (CEPA) where they will be eligible to apply to the Clinical Exercise Physiologist Registry (4). The CEPA Registry is the only national registry that promotes and advocates for the advancement of ACSM-CEPs. It affords employers and other health care professionals a tool to find qualified clinical exercise physiologists for referral by searching in geographic regions. For more information on CEPA and the national registry, please visit www.acsm-cepa.org. With an increasing demand for health and physical activity promotion and recognition that exercise can help with disease prevention and management, there is a blatant need for qualified health fitness professionals and clinical exercise physiologists. Understanding the scope and general requirements of each professional is important as the field continues to grow and we advocate for our scope of practice in health fitness and health care. In addition to choosing the correct academic program, the different ACSM certifications need to be considered along with each individual’s career goals and aspirations. Feel free to contact Dr. Gallo at [email protected] if you have any questions pertaining to this column.

Mendola, Nicole M.S., ACSM-CEP, ACSM-EP, ACSM-GEI, EIM; Korzan, Lauren M.A., ACSM-EP, ACSM-GEI; Gallo, Paul M. Ed.D., FACSM, ACSM-CEP, ACSM-EP, ACSM-GEI Author Information

ABSTRACT PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD) RESULTS IN MOTOR AND NONMOTOR SYMPTOMS THAT LEAD TO DECREASED MOBILITY AND REDUCED QUALITY OF LIFE. EXERCISE IS AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR DISEASE MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVED FITNESS IN PERSONS WITH PD. THIS COLUMN WILL FOCUS ON THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, TREATMENT, AND EXERCISE GOALS FOR PERSONS WITH PD.

Abstract This article highlights the tenth conference of the Alliance of Universities for Democracy (AUDEM) held in Budapest, Hungary. Over the past ten years, AUDEM members have been instrumental in the reform of higher education in Central and Eastern Europe based on democratic principles. This year, government officials, college administrators, faculty members, and academic librarians from around the world met to foster continuing discourse on the direction higher education might move in the future and the implications this presents for all of us in a global society.

Ronai, Peter M.S., FACSM, ACSM-EP, ACSM-CEP, EIM-III, CSCS; Gallo, Paul M. Ed.D., FACSM, ACSM-EP, ACSM-CEP, ACSM-GEI, EIM-II Author Information

Gallo, Paul M. Ed.D., FACSM, ACSM-EP, ACSM-CEP, ACSM-GEI; Ward-Ritacco, Christie L. Ph.D., FACSM, ACSM-CEP; Lynch, Michael M.S., RDN, ACSM-CEP, CDE, CHWC Author Information