Nowgong Girls' College

Nagaon is one of the highly flood-prone districts of Assam, India that recurrently experiences devastating floods resulting in the loss of lives and property and wreaking havoc on the district's socioeconomic infrastructure. Identification and mapping of spatial patterns of flood hazards, flood vulnerability, and flood risk zones (FRZs) of the district are, therefore, crucial for flood management and mitigation. The present study, therefore, attempts to delineate the FRZs of more than 930 villages in the Nagaon district by integrating the flood hazard and vulnerability layers in the geospatial environment using the multi-criteria decision analysis and analytical hierarchy process techniques. Here, seven flood hazard and vulnerability indicators are considered to derive each layer separately. The results indicate that about 15.14% of the district's total villages are in the very high FRZ, 27.93% in the high, 46.62% in the moderate, and 10.3% in the low FRZ. Further, bivariate correlation analysis is used to evaluate the results with the percentages of the population, cropland, and animals affected by floods at different temporal scales in order to ensure that the revenue circles with a higher percentage of area under high and very high FRZs genuinely have higher percentages of flood-affected cropland, people, and livestock. The significance of this research is evident in its pragmatic findings that could aid the stakeholders in managing and reducing flood risk at micro-spatial scales.

A coprecipitation method was employed to synthesize a CoFe2O4 anchored sulfonated graphene nanojunction for visible light photocatalytic reduction of 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol in the presence of NaBH4. The effect of the extent of anchoring of CoFe2O4 on the catalytic performance of the nanojunction was investigated. Photoreduction of all the nitrophenols was studied at different pH range. The performance of the catalyst in the presence of different cations, anions, and scavengers was also studied. The amount of NaBH4 and reduction time is significantly lowered in the presence of this nanocatalyst. This nanojunction exhibits a superior magnetic property and can be easily separated from the reaction mixture, exhibits good stability, has better reusability, and could be a potential candidate in wastewater treatment.

The present study delves into the complex human-water relationships that have a significant impact on the concerned socio-cultural practices and economic livelihoods. The primary objective of this research is to explore and comprehend the dynamic relationships between local communities and water systems in the villages of Nagaon district, situated in the floodplain of the Brahmaputra Valley, India. By integrating socio-hydrology and rural hydrology, the study seeks to gain a holistic understanding of water usage patterns, land management practices, and human adjustments to the district's diverse hydrological environment. To achieve its objectives, the present research adopts a comprehensive methodology involving extensive field visits, household and oral surveys, participatory rural appraisal, focus group discussions, rapid rural appraisal, rapid assessment procedure, and hydro-pattern analysis. The findings of the study reveal the profound influence of water on the socio-cultural and economic foundations in the rural areas of Nagaon district, Assam. The shift from rural people's reliance on surface water bodies to groundwater sources has significantly altered human-water interactions in the rural areas of the district. The study's significance lies in addressing certain sustainable water management practices and focusing on the complex human-water interactions for the district and beyond. The interdisciplinary approach adopted in the present work promotes community well-being while preserving the ecological integrity of the district, with global implications for water resource management.

Abstract A simple co‐precipitation method has been adopted for the preparation of magnetically separable graphene zinc ferrite nanocomposite for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of malachite green, fast green and eriochrome black T under visible light irradiation. The anchoring of zinc ferrite nanoparticles on graphene sheets not only inhibits the agglomeration of zinc ferrite nanoparticles but also decreases the band gap from 1.93 to 1.40 eV. The composite exhibits superior degradation efficiency in presence of hydrogen peroxide for all dyes under study. The dye degradation follows a pseudo first‐order reaction. The photocatalyst showed excellent performance even in the presence of highly concentrated inorganic salts and for a wide range of pH values. The composite retains its degradation capacity up to ten cycles. The composite described here can find potential applications for effective wastewater remediation from textile industries.

The syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of a series of hexanuclear lanthanide (Ln 3 + Ln 3 ) assemblies have been studied in detail.

, one phosphine oxide, and carboxylate ligands. DC and AC magnetic measurements were performed on 1-4. Complexes 1-4 show SMM behaviour, under zero DC field for 1 and 4, and under 500 Oe and 1000 Oe DC fields for 2 and 3 respectively, with thermally activated, Raman, and Raman and quantum tunnelling dominant relaxation mechanisms for 1 and 2, 3 and 4, respectively.

The present study explores the cultural ecologies of the Karbi Tribe in Magursila village of Assam, India, through their Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Skills (TEKS). Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including field observations, household surveys, oral interviews, and participatory methodologies, the research investigates different aspects of Karbi TEKS, including water resource management, crop cultivation, biodiversity conservation, and traditional practices related to costume creation. The results reveal that traditional methods such as managing human-made canals (dongs) and ponds, organic farming, and biodiversity conservation practices demonstrate a holistic approach to maintaining ecological balance and cultural heritage. However, challenges from modernization and urbanization threaten the sustainability of these practices and disrupt the ecological balance. Thus, the manuscript argues that Karbi TEKS are vital living systems that sustain both ecological balance and cultural identity, warning that their loss would undermine sustainable resource management and the tribe’s connection to the environment.

The rural landscapes of Nagaon district in Assam, situated in the floodplains of the Brahmaputra valley in India, are characterized by intricate relationships between hydrological conditions, land use practices, and water resource management. The present study delves into understanding these relationships and their implications for agricultural sustainability utilizing the rural hydrological approach. To achieve its objective, the study employed a range of methods such as stakeholder surveys, oral interviews, dag surveys, hydropattern analysis, and participatory rural appraisal (PRA). The findings reveal significant variations in hydropatterns across villages and seasons, influencing crop growth and land use decisions. Traditional land classification based on hydrological conditions guides agricultural practices, with farmers strategically selecting rice varieties to suit specific environments. Moreover, the transition from surface water to groundwater-based irrigation systems has enhanced agricultural productivity while raising concerns about groundwater sustainability. The applicability of findings extends beyond Nagaon district, offering insights into managing water resources in agricultural landscapes in rural areas worldwide and fostering resilience in rural communities facing similar challenges.

The present study delves into understanding the dynamics and significance of the Morigaon town weekly market (MTWM), located in the central agro-climatic region of the Brahmaputra Valley, India. The primary objective is to examine the structure, functions and characteristics of this urban periodic market. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive methodology was employed, including personal field visits, market observations, respondent surveys of 300 vendors and 300 customers, and focus group discussions. The findings indicate a substantial demand among urban dwellers for local agricultural products, leading to a notable expansion of the market over the years. It has also been found that the majority of vendors, comprising 78% of the total, participate in this market regularly, with 54% of them travelling from neighbouring villages within a range of 10-15 km. This study underscores the importance of periodic markets in facilitating economic interactions between urban and rural areas, especially in regions such as the Brahmaputra Valley. The findings not only enhance understanding of the MTWM, but also offer insights for developing policies and strategies to support similar markets globally where similar economic dynamics exist.

Abstract The Kolong, a significant distributary of the mighty river Brahmaputra in Assam, India, has experienced significant human‐induced alterations aimed basically for flood mitigation. This study investigates the socio‐ecological impacts of the course change of the Kolong River done by the local people of Kahargaon village in Nagaon district of Assam, India. Employing a mixed‐methods approach, the research integrates field observations, stakeholder interviews, community forums, and secondary data analysis to assess the river's dynamics and its effects on local livelihoods and ecosystems. The findings reveal that while flood mitigation efforts have provided immediate relief, they have also led to ecological degradation and disrupted traditional livelihoods, particularly those dependent on the river's natural flow. The left‐out channel, once rich in biodiversity, now suffers from reduced water levels and a diminished riverine ecological niche, compelling communities to adapt through alternative agricultural practices and grazing. This study emphasizes the need for integrated management strategies that balance flood control with ecological preservation and livelihood sustainability. Thus, the study promotes community‐based conservation initiatives, restoring natural flow patterns, and developing adaptive livelihood strategies. The insights gained so far contribute to the broader understanding of human–river interactions and offer valuable lessons for sustainable river management in similar contexts globally.

This study examines the effectiveness and challenges of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme in Lakhimpur district of Assam, India. The research employs a multifaceted approach to assess infrastructure, service delivery, and community engagement at Anganwadi Centers (AWCs). The findings reveal significant disparities in infrastructure, with many centres lacking essential facilities such as toilets and electricity. The enrolment patterns are influenced by the proximity of AWCs to Lower Primary Schools and competition from private educational institutions. The insights from stakeholder interviews highlight operational challenges faced by Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) and helpers, which hinder service efficiency and limit community participation. The study underscores the need for urgent infrastructure improvements, enhanced community outreach, and regular training for AWWs to strengthen service delivery and boost beneficiary enrolment. The resolution of these issues is vital to optimising early childhood education and nutritional support under the ICDS framework, thereby promoting equitable development opportunities for children and improving maternal health outcomes in rural Assam. The findings from this research provide valuable guidance for policy reforms and programme enhancements aimed at bolstering child welfare services in similar rural contexts across India.

The quality of human population of any society can be judged through its literacy level. Literacy particularly female literacy plays a significant role in the social advancement and economic development of a region. North East India recorded a low level of female literacy in the past because of its isolated location and social taboo and restriction in female outdoor activities. However in independent India the progress in female literacy is significant. Though there has been progress, the gender gap in literacy was not covering till 2001 which remained wide. In 2011, significant progress in female literacy is observed recording 59.94 percent female literacy as against 68.99 percent male literacy. Besides, significant spatial disparity in respect of female literacy is observed across the region. Among the seven states of the region viz, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram, the state Mizoram recorded the highest female literacy rate during the post independence period. Interestingly Mizoram ranked second in both male and female literacy among the states of India as per census of India, 2011. An attempt has been in this paper to analyze the changing pattern of female literacy in all the districts of North East India and the sex disparity in literacy in the region.

The study is an assessment of the present habitat for Great Indian One-horned Rhinoceros in Laokhowa and Burhachapori Wildlife Sanctuaries of Assam. Focused group discussions were conducted with forest staff and fringe villagers who were familiar with the rhino range of the sanctuaries before 1983. Temporal assessment of the land use and land cover of the sanctuaries was done using satellite imageries to understand the change in the overall habitat. Assessment of the present habitat suitability for rhinos in LBWLS complex was done by overlaying a 1x1 km grid over the study area and collection of field data pertaining to 15 parameters from each grid using relevant sampling techniques. The study documents extensive temporal change in the landcover of the two sanctuaries. It also finds that 7.8% of the complex is highly suitable habitat for rhinos while 51.3% is least suitable. The study concludes that the present habitat of Laokhowa and Burhachapori is suitable for supporting rhinos and recommends that the highly suitable and suitable habitat areas can be immediately used for translocation of rhinos under the IRV2020 programme.

Language extinction has become a global crisis at the present time. Linguists and sociologists across the world have shown concern about this matter. A report says that every fourteen days, a language vanishes. However, language extinction does not always mean that native speakers of the languages are dead. Language Shifting is another cause of language extinction. The root cause of language shift is mainly discussed from a social perspective. Language endangerment may result from external forces, such as military, economic, religious, cultural, or educational subjugation. Thus, negative attitudes towards one’s own language may be an internal cause of a community. Sociolinguists have found that various factors seem to correlate with language shifting and diminishing in size. Voluntary or forced migration to a location outside their traditional territory has been a major cause for a community to change their language. Generally, minority people who migrate to other places sooner or later shift to the new dominant language. The present paper is a study on a small minority group, named Khamyang, living in Upper Assam, to discuss how the displacement compelled them to shift their language.

Land use and land cover monitoring, management and prediction are critical aspects of overseeing specific Earth’s surface segments or river basins. These changes often influence man and environment relationships. Escalating population pressure and demand for land resources induce substantial alterations which are predominantly driven by human activities. The 'Panchnoi' river basin exemplifies similar changes. This study evaluates the rate of land use fragmentation and land cover changes utilizing satellite imagery and GIS. Different key metrics, such as the number of patches (NP) and mean patch size (MPS), reveal insights into land fragmentation patterns. The impact is evident in the rising NP and declining MPS, indicating significant fragmentation in the Panchnoi River Basin between 2008 and 2019 across multiple land-use and land-cover categories. Anticipating future changes, a Land Use and Land Cover Prediction Map for 2026, generated using MOLUSCE Plugins (specifically, ANN-Multi Layer Perception) within QGIS Version 2.8.2, aims to predict shifts and discern the evolution in land use patterns from 2008 to 2019 and into 2026. The ANN-Multi Layer Perception is a quick way of projecting future transitions of land use and land cover of the Panchnoi River basin. As the forest and grassland areas are declining rapidly, such type of prediction will help policymakers for effective management of ecosystems of the river basin. The grassland area is projected to experience the most significant reduction, decrease from 6421.860 hectares in 2008 to just 0.0224 hectares by 2026 over a span of 18 years. The study not only focuses on land use fragmentation in the Panchnoi River basin but also predicts the changing trend of land use using the Artificial Neural Network (CA-ANN) technique.

Women empowerment is one of the most important issues for all nations of the world. It is significant not only from personal point of view but from the national development perspective too. It means powering or giving authority to women for developing strength and confidence in the field of social, political, educational, economic and other fields of life and prevents them from all forms of discrimination and violence against them. Adolescence is the grounding stage of adulthood which is very much crucial and vulnerable period of one’s life. The prevailing gender discrimination in human society put our adolescent girls at risk for their secure and healthy transition from childhood to adulthood. Empowering adolescent girls through education, life skills training, social support and awareness can help a lot to build up self-assurance and strength among them. Therefore, it is necessary to make them more sensitive about their righteous activities and intrinsic power through empowerment. This paper attempts to highlight the empowerment status of women in general and adolescent girls in particular with special reference to Nagaon sub-division area.

The non conventional energy has derived mainly from the biomass which is utilized towards the sector of rural economy. The North-East India has consumed in from firewood cow dung and crop residues are used for gas production and it can replace much other energy oil from biogas production. The economic analysis of biogas plants has showed that the installation of biogas is economically very important. This paper throws light on the techniques of biogas production and its use in North-East India.

Objectives: The main purpose of this research is to identify severe soil loss areas in the Nanoi river basin of Assam, India to suggest appropriate soil management planning in the river basin. Methods: The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) integrates geospatial technologies to assess overall soil loss in the Nanoi river basin which provides a faster and more accurate estimation. It is possible to understand soil erosion patterns more thoroughly using RUSLE which makes sustainable soil management easier. Findings: According to the RUSLE equation, the Nanoi river basin experiences an estimated total soil loss of 18,562.5 tons per year, with an average annual soil loss of 0.32 t/h/y. This suggests that approximately 0.64 km2 of the area falls into the Moderate, high and Extreme soil erosion sensitivity zones. Furthermore, a final map is generated to display different areas with varying levels of soil loss rates. Novelty: The geospatial approaches used produce precise findings at a reasonable price and demonstrate the severity of soil loss in the river basin. If soil loss continues at the current rate, there is a high likelihood that certain areas on both sides of the river, particularly in the downstream region of the basin, will experience fluvial hazards, such as drainage congestion and floods. Hence, the results generated will be helpful in the management practices of the river basin. Keywords: Soil loss, Soil erosion, Geospatial, Revised universal soil loss equation, River basin

Let R be an associative ring with unity. Two new concepts namely “e-small” and “e-supplement” in R are introduced and many of its properties are discussed in this paper