Oel-Waerme-Institut

[reaction: see text] [2.2]Paracyclophane-based ketimine ligands were evaluated as catalysts for the enantioselective addition of in situ-prepared alkynylzinc reagents to aldehydes. The initial high activity and enantioselectivity of these ligands could be improved by an additive screening. The final protocol gives chiral propargyl alcohols in up to >98% ee.

Research Articles| July 23 2008 Sur les formes familiales précoces de la maladie d 'Alzheimer, pp. 249–274 Subject Area: Neurology and Neuroscience Ludo van Bogaert; Ludo van Bogaert Département de Neurologie et Pathologie de l'Institut Bunge (Berchem- Anvers) Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Marcel Maere; Marcel Maere Département de Neurologie et Pathologie de l'Institut Bunge (Berchem- Anvers) Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Edmond de Smedt Edmond de Smedt Département de Neurologie et Pathologie de l'Institut Bunge (Berchem- Anvers) Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Monatsschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie (1939) 102 (5-6): 249–274. https://doi.org/10.1159/000148592 Article history Published Online: July 23 2008 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ludo van Bogaert, Marcel Maere, Edmond de Smedt; Sur les formes familiales précoces de la maladie d 'Alzheimer, pp. 249–274. Monatsschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie 31 December 1939; 102 (5-6): 249–274. https://doi.org/10.1159/000148592 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsMonatsschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1939Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.

Abstract Mini‐bioreactors with integrated online monitoring capabilities are well established in the early stages of process development. Mini‐bioreactors fulfil the demand for high‐throughput‐applications and a simultaneous reduction of material costs and total experimental time. One of the most essential online monitored parameters is the oxygen transfer rate (OTR). OTR‐monitoring allows fast characterization of bioprocesses and process transfer to larger scales. Currently, OTR‐monitoring on a small‐scale is limited to shake flasks and 48‐well microtiter plates (MTP). Especially, 96‐deepwell MTP are used for high‐throughput‐experiments during early‐stage bioprocess development. However, a device for OTR monitoring in 96‐deepwell MTP is still not available. To determine OTR values, the measurement of the gas composition in each well of a MTP is necessary. Therefore, a new micro( µ )‐scale T ransfer rate O nline M easurement device (µTOM) was developed. The µTOM includes 96 parallel oxygen‐sensitive sensors and a single robust sealing mechanism. Different organisms ( Escherichia coli , Hansenula polymorpha , and Ustilago maydis ) were cultivated in the µTOM. The measurement precision for 96 parallel cultivations was 0.21 mmol·L −1 ·h −1 (pooled standard deviation). In total, a more than 15‐fold increase in throughput and an up to a 50‐fold decrease in media consumption, compared with the shake flask RAMOS‐technology, was achieved using the µTOM for OTR‐monitoring.

One essential task in bioprocess development is strain selection. A common screening procedure consists of three steps: first, the picking of colonies; second, the execution of a batch preculture and main culture, e.g., in microtiter plates (MTPs); and third, the evaluation of product formation. Especially during the picking step, unintended variations occur due to undefined amounts and varying viability of transferred cells. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that the application of polymer-based controlled-release fed-batch MTPs during preculture eliminates these variations. The concept of equalizing growth through fed-batch conditions during preculture is theoretically discussed and then tested in a model system, namely, a cellulase-producing Escherichia coli clone bank containing 32 strains. Preculture is conducted once in the batch mode and once in the fed-batch mode. By applying the fed-batch mode, equalized growth is observed in the subsequent main culture. Furthermore, the standard deviation of cellulase activity is reduced compared to that observed in the conventional approach. Compared with the strains in the batch preculture process, the first-ranked strain in the fed-batch preculture process is the superior cellulase producer. These findings recommend the application of the fed-batch MTPs during preculture in high-throughput screening processes to achieve accurate and reliable results.

A cationic monomeric surfactant (CMS) and a cationic gemini surfactant (CGS) were successfully synthesized and characterized. Both surfactants prevent sulfidogenic activity in bulk phase and on metal surface (biofilms) at a salinity of 3.18% NaCl.

The project SchIBZ has the aim to develop and test a fuel cell based generator set for seagoing ships. Before the start of the system development a short study was carried out, to evaluate different solutions before choosing one. This paper contains a short review of the possibilities and selected results.

The public funded project “AddSteel” aims to develop functionally adapted steel materials for additive manufacturing (AM). Based on the AM process laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), the holistic process chain, including alloy design, powder atomization, AM, and postheat treatment, is considered to achieve this objective. Tool steels are usually characterized by higher carbon content and limited weldability, leading to limited processability for LPBF. To extend these limitations, different approaches for tool steels are investigated: for high‐carbon tool steels, the effects of lower martensite start temperature are investigated using the alloy 1.2842 as an example. A low martensite start temperature seems to be advantageous for crack‐free processing with LPBF. In order to avoid a high hardness level after rapid cooling, the use of a hot work steel with a carbon content of 0.2 wt% is investigated. Due to the chemical composition of the material, a moderate preheating temperature <300 °C is required. In addition, very high scanning speeds are possible with an improved shielding gas flow. Finally, the experience along the process chain with the standard steels is used for a modification of the alloy 1.2344. The effects of this modification on AM and heat treatment are investigated.

Different applications for the decentralized stationary or mobile power supply require the usage of liquid hydrocarbons such as fuel oil, diesel, or gas oil in fuel cell systems. Reducing the sulfur content of conventional liquid fuels such as diesel or gasoline below 10ppm, the usage of these fuels in fuel cell applications becomes increasingly promising. The first process step represents thereby the reforming, which can be carried out in different ways. One of the commonly favored gas process technologies is the steam reforming process, which is state of the art for natural gas applications. Using a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell requires a complex gas cleanup system. Using a pressurized steam reforming process offers a significant reduction of the whole system size by efficiently compressing the liquid educts. Complete PEM systems with steam reformers tend to have a higher efficiency than, for example, systems using the autothermal reforming process. Advanced diesel steam reformers for industrialization still have to be developed and improved. The Oel-Wärme-Institut gGmbH has successfully carried out research on steam reforming with variations of important parameters using a sulfur free reference fuel and desulfurized diesel. During the experiments, several parameters such as steam to carbon ratio, reformer inlet temperatures, catalysts, and fuels were varied. While running the process, a continuous product gas measurement was taken. The reformer is equipped with several thermocouples. Three of them are moveable to measure the temperature profile of the catalyst. The experiments show that product gas concentrations reach a nearly equilibrium concentration with reformer inlet temperatures ϑ>700°C of a reference fuel∕steam mixture. Hydrogen concentrations over 70% were feasible. Constant inlet temperatures of ϑ=850°C and a variation of the steam to carbon ratio only have a noticeable effect on the water gas shift equilibrium. After all experiments, carbon deposits were found in the steam reformer system and under some circumstances on the catalysts. Experiments with operating times of more than 20h were performed at a steam to carbon ratio of 4.5. The application of continuously desulfurized diesel fuel indicates a degradation of the catalyst after a few hours. For the overall system design of PEM fuel cell applications, an operation mode at a reduced steam to carbon ratio has to be developed.

Abstract The flame tube is an important functional component of burners using the concept of the flame tube stabilised combustion. Under typical combustion conditions the material of the flame tube is exposed to high temperatures (≥900 °C) and to corrosion attack by the combustion gases. Furthermore as the burners are generally operated intermittently, the material suffers from extreme temperature and atmosphere changes. For flame tubes, a lifetime of approximately 8000 h is desired. Predominantly metallic high temperature materials are used. The scope of the present work was to test—under application conditions and for maximum material temperatures exceeding 900 °C—alternative high temperature alloys for use as tube material. The corrosion resistance of the austenitic Ni–Cr‐based alloys (601, 602 CA, 617 and 693) has been investigated in a burner rig at maximum material temperatures of 950 and 1000 °C and with exposure times from 50 to 3000 h. The chromium content of the alloys was between 20 and 30 wt% and that of aluminium between 1 and 3.4 wt%. Metallographic cross‐sections of samples of the alloys were analysed by electron microprobe yielding information about the microstructure and composition of the oxides in the surface zone and variations during exposure time. This study focuses on the observed specific effects of the alloying element aluminium on the development of the oxide scale and on the lifetime of the alloys. At the alloy surface after 500 h exposure time a chromium oxide scale had formed with aluminium oxides underneath predominantly along grain boundaries. For the alloys with the lower aluminium content, the aluminium oxides built up an open network but not a closed layer. For the alloy with the highest aluminium content (alloy 693) after 50 h two different characteristic microstructures at the surface were found. In one case, the grains at the surface were covered with chromium oxide on top and the remaining grain surface was completely enclosed by aluminium oxides. In the other case, the aluminium oxide formed a thin layer directly below the chromium oxide scale. After 500 h exposure time, a significantly thinner chromium oxide scale and massive internal chromium oxides were observed. Catastrophic corrosion, formation of internal oxides and aluminium nitrides started even after 500 h. It will be demonstrated that the early breakdown of alloy 693 is linked to the aluminium oxides which act as a barrier constricting the diffusion of chromium from the alloy matrix towards the surface. Under the conditions of extreme temperature changes given in the burner the aluminium oxide layer on its part did not provide corrosion protection.

Performance characteristics of fuels, such as storage stability and lubricity, are determined mainly by the polar species of the fuel, among them the alkylated phenols. Here, we analyze gas oil and diesel samples, which have been successively desulfurized with different methods, and compare the phenol content and the phenol alkylation pattern of these materials. Because phenols occur in the low parts per million range in the fuel, very sensitive and selective analytical methods are needed for their determination. A derivatization of phenols to ferrocene esters followed by analysis by gas chromatography with both atomic emission detection (iron emission) and mass spectrometric detection is used in this work. Individual concentrations of smaller phenols with up to three substituent carbon atoms and sum parameters were determined. The classical hydrodesulfurization was found to lower the phenol content more drastically than the adsorptive desulfurization. Especially the larger alkylphenols are removed nearly completely during hydrodesulfurization, while they are almost unaffected by adsorptive desulfurization on a Ni/NiO sorbent.

Microbial contamination can occur during long-term storage of domestic heating oil (DHO), thus biofouling the fuel and equipment. In this study, microorganisms in domestic heating oil storage tanks were identified, and the factors that promote growth in DHO storage tanks were examined. Notably, obligate aerobic but not strict anaerobic microbes were detected, suggesting the existence of an oxic environment. The measured and calculated diffusion rates of oxygen in the oil support the finding that oxygen limitation in a storage tank is unlikely. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fostered microbial growth in DHO tanks, and fewer microorganisms were required to initiate growth in FAME-blended fuels. The results are discussed in the context of minimizing microbial contamination during long-term storage of FAME blends in domestic heating oil applications.

Emission regulations for ships are forcing ship-owners and shipyards to drastically reduce harmful species for the Emission Control Areas (ECA) along the US coast, Baltic Sea and North Sea. SOFC systems are seen as most efficient and clean alternative to conventional diesel engines. In this context, the project SchIBZ has been initiated to develop a fuel cell based generator set for seagoing ships. A consortium of industrial and academic partners has been joined to develop a diesel based SOFC demonstrator with a rated power of around 50 kW. Adiabatic prereforming of diesel is one of the most efficient type of fuel processing for SOFC systems. The feasibility of adiabatic prereforming of commercial ultra-low sulphur diesel has successfully been tested with one of Haldor Topsoe’s catalyst. The demonstrator was built to demonstrate the feasibility of the process and the robustness of the SOFC. It consists of 2 submodules supplying each 27 kW gross power. The key feature of the process is the anode gas recirculation that allows us to handle the diesel within the adiabatic prereformer without any deep desulphurization technologies on the one hand side and to increase the overall fuel utilization on the other hand side. Furthermore, an additional anode off-gas blower is used to levelize the pressure between the anode and the cathode, which reduces the risk of oxidation of the anode in case of leakages. The demonstrator was started on commercial road diesel containing 11 ppm_wt sulphur, 6.2%_vol FAME and 24%_wt aromatics. An electrical gross efficiency of 55% and fuel utilization of 73% could be demonstrated already during the first hours of operation.

Within the scope of a German cooperative project a consortium with partners from industry and academia develops a Reformed Methanol Fuel Cell System (RMFC) on the basis of a HT-PEM fuel cell with an electric power output of 30 W. The fuel cell system is used as a hybrid system with an accumulator as an energy supply for golf-caddies. The Steam Reforming of Methanol (SRM) is applied for hydrogen production in a micro-structured reactor which is built on the basis of thin hydroformed metal sheets. An innovative heat exchanger design allows the integration of all relevant fuel processing steps (catalytic combustion, vaporization, reforming, heat exchange) into a single component and also the integration with the HT-PEM fuel cell as such. The fuel processor was tested with different types of catalysts (base metal, precious metal). It turns out that among the catalysts tested a precious metal catalyst has the best stability and performance.

Research Articles| October 22 2008 Role of the Valves in the Genesis of Normal Heart Sounds Subject Area: Cardiovascular System A. van Bogaert A. van Bogaert Institut Bunge, Berchem-Antwerp Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Cardiologia (1968) 52 (6): 330–339. https://doi.org/10.1159/000166135 Article history Published Online: October 22 2008 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. van Bogaert; Role of the Valves in the Genesis of Normal Heart Sounds. Cardiologia 1 June 1968; 52 (6): 330–339. https://doi.org/10.1159/000166135 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsCardiologia Search Advanced Search Keywords: Mitral valve closure, Aortic valve closure, First heart sound, Second heart sound, Phonocardiogram, Valve closure detector This content is only available via PDF. 1968Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The homogeneous Diesel combustion is a way to effect a soot and nitrogen oxide (NO<sub>x</sub>) free Diesel engine operation. Using direct injection of Diesel fuel, the mixture typically ignites before it is fully homogenized. In this study a homogeneous mixture is prepared outside of the combustion chamber by a Cool Flame Vaporizer. At first the specification of the vaporizer is given in this paper. To determine the composition of the vaporizer gas an analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) was made. The results give an idea of the effects on engine combustion. Followed by, the vaporizer was adapted to a single-cylinder Diesel engine. To adapt the engine's configuration regarding compression ratio and inlet temperature range a zero dimensional engine process simulation software was utilized. The engine was run in different operating modes. The test results with external mixture formation were compared with two low temperature Diesel combustion strategies based on direct fuel injection: the Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) and the Late Low Temperature Combustion (LLTC).</div>

Regeneration of large bone defects remains a clinical challenge until today. While existing biomaterials are predominantly addressing bone healing via direct, intramembranous ossification (IO), bone tissue formation via a cartilage phase, so-called endochondral ossification (EO) has been shown to be a promising alternative strategy. However, pure biomaterial approaches for EO induction are sparse and the knowledge how material components can have bioactive contribution to the required cartilage formation is limited. Here, we combined a previously developed purely architecture-driven biomaterial approach with the release of therapeutic metal ions from tailored silicate microparticles. The delivery platform was free of calcium phosphates (CaP) that are known to support IO but not EO and was employed for the release of lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr) or zinc (Zn) ions. We identified an ion-specific cellular response in which certain metal ions strongly enhanced cell recruitment into the material and showed superior chondrogenesis and deposition collagen II by human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). At the same time, in some cases microparticle incorporation altered the mechanical properties of the biomaterial with consequences for cell-induced biomaterial contraction and scaffold wall deformation. Collectively, the results suggest that the incorporation of metal-doped silicate microparticles has the potential to further improve the bioactivity of architectured biomaterials for bone defect healing via EO. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Endochondral bone healing, a process that resembles embryonic skeletal development, has gained prominence in regenerative medicine. However, most therapeutic biomaterial strategies are not optimized for endochondral bone healing but instead target direct bone formation through IO. Here, we report on a novel approach to accelerate biomaterial-guided endochondral bone healing by combining cell-guiding collagen scaffolds with therapeutic metal-doped silicate microparticles. While other strategies, such as hypoxia-mimic drugs and iron-chelating biomaterials, have been documented in the literature before to enhance EO, our approach uniquely implements enhanced bioactivity into a previously developed biomaterial strategy for bone defect regeneration. Enhanced cell recruitment into the material and more pronounced chondrogenesis were observed for specific hybrid scaffold formulations, suggesting a high relevance of this new biomaterial for improved endochondral bone healing.

Abstract The present paper focuses on two aspects: the service conditions of a flame tube in a low‐NO x recirculation burner (maximum temperature experienced by the material: 1000 °C) and the interrelationship between service conditions and both the structure and growth of the oxide scale. The flame tube is exposed to extreme thermal and atmospheric conditions during service. Due to the short burner operation time followed by a pause, rapid changes of the temperature and gaseous environment occur. Three Ni‐based alloys (alloy 602 CA, alloy 603 XL and alloy 693) were investigated in cyclic oxidation tests under typical conditions for the combustion of fuel oil. Flame tube temperature measurements in both the axial and the tangential directions are presented together with results concerning the influence of the fuel quality, duration of the air ventilation after burner shut down and temperature on the thickness and composition of the oxide scale.

The Khoot oil shale has been non-isothermally pyrolyzed in a thermogravimetric analyzer to determine the influence of temperature, heating rate and purge gas (N 2 or CO 2 ) employed on thermal degradation of the sample. The heating rates investigated were 10-50 K min -1 to final temperature of 950 C. The oil shale was also pyrolyzed in a wire-mesh reactor to determine the yield of volatile compounds. The oil shale and shale oil were characterized by size-exclusion chromatography.

Short-term thrombotic occlusion and compliance mismatch hamper clinical use of synthetic small-diameter tissue engineered vascular grafts. It is felt that preconditioning of the graft with intimal (endothelial) and medial (vascular smooth muscle) cells contributes to patency of the graft. Autologous, non-vessel-derived cells are preferred because of systemic vascular pathology and immunologic concerns. We tested in a porcine model whether cultured bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), are a potential source of intimal or medial cells in vascular tissue engineering. We show that MSC cultured in endothelial medium do not gain an endothelial phenotype or functional characteristics, even after enrichment for CD31, culturing under flow, treatment with additional growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2), or co-culture with microvascular endothelial cells (EC). On the other hand, we show that MSC cultured in MSC medium, but not in smooth muscle cell medium, show phenotypical and functional characteristics of vascular smooth muscle cells. We conclude that bone marrow-derived MSCs can be used as a bona fide source of medial, but not EC in small-diameter vascular tissue engineering.

The article provides morphological and molecular description of rare species Malenchus pressulus (Kazachenko, 1975) Andrássy, 1980 which was found for the first time in Poland. Morphology of specimens belonging to Polish population correspond well with previous descriptions of M. pressulus. Howewer, small differences were observed — number of lines on lateral field or number of head annuli between various populations. This article also provides comparison of head morphology of two very similar and difficult to distinguish species: M. pressulus and Malenchus neosulcus Geraert et Raski, 1986. Additionally, for the first time descriptions of partial sequences of 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA for M. pressulus are given.