Southeast University Chengxian College

Facile synthesis of Ru supported on WO₃ nanosheets for highly selective cellulose hydrogenolysis to ethylene glycol.

Ion doping provides a powerful means for the fabrication of a functionalized photocatalyst that is both active and stable.

Vitamin C (VC) and folic acid (FA) are the important nutrient and antioxidant in human body. In order to improve their stability, their co-loaded liposomes (VCFA-Lip) and chitosan-coated liposomes (CS-VCFA-Lip) are prepared and characterised. The mean particle size of VCFA-Lip and CS-VCFA-Lip is 138 nm and 249 nm, respectively. The encapsulation efficiencies of both drugs for CS-VCFA-Lip are much higher than those for VCFA-Lip. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the antioxidant activity of CS-VCFA-Lip is higher than that of VCFA-Lip. Moreover, the storage stability study reveals that the chitosan coating can efficiently improve the physical stability of VCFA-Lip. These results indicate that stability of VC and FA can be greatly improved after being wrapped by liposomes. In addition, the performance of CS-VCFA-Lip is better than VCFA-Lip, indicating CS-VCFA-Lip can be applied as a promising delivery system for the antioxidant defence system to the food industry and cosmetic industry.

Three compounds derived from 4-aminoantipyrine (AA) were synthesized and their structures confirmed by melting point, elemental analysis, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR. The molecular structures of the four compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and calculated by using the density functional theory (DFT) method with 6-31G (d) basis set. The calculated molecular geometries and the vibration frequencies of the AA derivatives in the ground state have been compared with the experimental data. The results show that the optimized geometries can reproduce well the crystal structural parameters, and the theoretical vibration frequencies show good agreement with the experimental data, although the experimental data are different from the theoretical ones due to the intermolecular forces. Besides, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis of the compounds were investigated by theoretical calculations.

A series of Pd/TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized by a simple glucose reduction method, and their photocatalysis properties were evaluated in an array of CO2 hydrogenations. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, EDX mapping, UV–vis DRS, Raman spectroscopy, PL spectroscopy, XPS, and N2 adsorption. In terms of product yields (in micromoles per gram of catalyst), a 1.0 wt % Pd/TiO2 catalyst (CH4, 355.62; CO, 46.35; C2H6, 39.69) was found to be superior to pristine TiO2 (CH4, 42.65; CO, 4.73; C2H6, 2.7) and other composites under UV irradiation for 3 h, possibly because of a synergistic effect between the palladium nanoparticles and the TiO2 support. The palladium nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2 substantially accelerated electron transfer and acted as active sites for the adsorption and activation of CO2 molecules, to promote CO2 hydrogenation. During the photocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation, dissociated hydrogen reacts with CO2– activated on the Pd/TiO2 photocatalyst to form a new Pd—C surface species that is stable during the reaction and further transforms to generate methane. A detailed mechanism of photocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation is discussed to account for the performance of the Pd/TiO2 photocatalyst in the reaction.

This review summarizes the recent progress on MoS 2 -based electrocatalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), nitrogen fixation (NRR) and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR).

To realize power efficient nondoped solution-processed OLEDs, a novel strategy of constructing a TADF dendrimer with the characteristic of exciplex-forming dendrons has been presented.

A series of Ce-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by a sol–gel process and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX mapping, UV–vis DRS, Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption, PL spectra, CO2-TPD, and XPS. It is found that Ce ions can enter the lattice matrix of TiO2 and occupy of Ti sites. This atom replacement leads to the formation of impurity energy levels in the band gap of TiO2, extending light absorption into the visible light region. Because Ce has a more flexible valence state, both Ce3+ and Ce4+ could be formed in the composites. The preference facilitates the photoinduced charge separation inside of the crystals. Moreover, Pd nanoparticles were then loaded as a co-catalyst on the surface of doped composites. As the trapping center of electrons, it can efficiently adsorb and activate CO2 molecules, promoting their transformation into CH4. These composites were then evaluated as photocatalysts for CO2 hydrogenation. While all of them could efficiently catalyze the reaction, 1.0% Pd/0.5% Ce-TiO2 catalysts show the best photocatalytic performance, with CH4 and CO yields up to 220.61 and 27.36 μmol/g, respectively, under visible light irradiation of 3 h. The improved photocatalytic behavior could be possibly induced by the synergistic effect between Ce and Pd. A probable mechanism was thus proposed based on above characterizations and experimental results.

Boron doping and heterostructures are closely related to the enhanced photocatalytic function of the hybrids.

Road pavement could be damaged due to various reasons, causing damages such as cracks and pits. These damages cause potential dangers in traffic safety. It is necessary for road maintenance departments to find damages in time before maintenance. At present, maintenance departments of some high-level roads are equipped with specialized detection vehicles such as laser scanning vehicles to detect road damages. These kinds of devices can get good detection performance, but the economic cost is very high. In this paper, we use a road damage image dataset to train an object detection model based on deep convolutional neural network and deploy it on a low-cost embedded platform to form an embedded system. The system uses a common camera mounted on windshield of a common vehicle as sensor to detect road damages. The embedded system consumes about 352 ms to process one frame of image and can achieve a recall rate of about 76% which is higher than some previous related works. The recall rate of this scheme using common cameras is less than that of high-level specialized detectors, but the economic cost is much lower than them. After subsequent development, the road maintenance department with limited funds can consider about schemes like this.

Abstract A series of novel strobilurin analogues ( 1a-1f , 2a-2e , 3a-3e ) containing arylpyrazole rings were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The structures of 1f , 2b and 3b were also determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. These analogues were collected together with other twenty-eight similar compounds 4a-4f , 5a-5h , 6a-6h and 7a-7f from our previous studies, for in vitro bioassays and thorough structure-activity relationships (SARs) studies. Most compounds exhibited excellent-to-good fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani , especially 5c , 7a , 6c , and 3b with 98.94%, 83.40%, 71.40% and 65.87% inhibition rates at 0.1 μg mL −1 , respectively, better than commercial pyraclostrobin. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was employed to study three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSARs). Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was also carried out to provide more information regarding SARs. The present work provided some hints for developing novel strobilurin fungicides.

Porous BiOBr microspheres have been successfully synthesized through an ethylene glycol‐assisted solvothermal method using reactive ionic liquids as templates and reactants during the synthetic process. The obtained samples were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies and X‐ray photoelectron, energy‐dispersive X‐ray, Fourier transform infrared, diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated using the degradation of rhodamine B and tetracycline under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic efficiency of BiOBr photocatalyst synthesized using single‐molecule ionic liquid as template is better than that of BiOBr obtained using polyionic liquid as template. A possible photocatalytic mechanism is also provisionally proposed. And the degradation rate using BiOBr‐IL‐1 was 2.74, 1.24 and 4.84 times higher than that using BiOBr‐IL‐2, BiOBr‐IL‐3 and BiOBr‐KBr. The larger surface area and narrower energy band gap of BiOBr‐IL‐1 could improve the visible light harvesting ability and facilitate the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and the photocatalysis process. This study affords a facile way to develop such novel photocatalysts with special morphology using ionic liquids.

It is difficult to measure elastic modulus simply and accurately in the testing of mechanical properties of materials. Combined with static tensile method, this paper presents a method for measuring elastic modulus of materials based on air-coupled ultrasonic nondestructive testing. Firstly, the 1–3 piezoelectric composite material and the matching material of low acoustic impedance are self-made, and 400 kHz air-coupled ultrasonic transducer is fabricated. Then, the performance of the transducer is tested, and the insertion loss and bandwidth of −6 dB are −33.5 dB and 23.4%, respectively. Compared with the traditional instrument for measuring elastic modulus, the measurement of elastic modulus of carbon steel rod material is realized in this paper, and the measured results are in agreement with the accepted value. In addition, from the angle of relative uncertainty, how to reduce the measurement error by improving the device is analyzed. It can be shown that the method has high linearity, high symmetry, and good stability and repeatability. This paper provides a new way for the selection and design of measuring instrument components.

In vivo optical imaging is an important application value in disease diagnosis. However, near-infrared nanoprobes with excellent luminescent properties are still scarce. Herein, two boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) molecules (BDP-A and BDP-B) were designed and synthesized. The BODIPY emission was tuned to the near-infrared (NIR) region by regulating the electron-donating ability of the substituents on its core structure. In addition, the introduction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains on BODIPY enabled the formation of self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) to form optical nanoprobes. The self-assembled BODIPY NPs present several advantages, including NIR emission, large Stokes shifts, and high fluorescence quantum efficiency, which can increase water dispersibility and signal-to-noise ratio to decrease the interference by the biological background fluorescence. The in vitro studies revealed that these NPs can enter tumor cells and illuminate the cytoplasm through fluorescence imaging. Then, BDP-B NPs were selected for use in vivo imaging due to their unique NIR emission. BDP-B was enriched in the tumor and effectively illuminated it via an enhanced penetrability and retention effect (EPR) after being injected into the tail vein of mice. The organic nanoparticles were metabolized through the liver and kidney. Thus, the BODIPY-based nanomicelles with NIR fluorescence emission provide an effective research basis for the development of optical nanoprobes in vivo.

A novel nano-heterostructure of AgI/Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst was successfully synthesized via a facile deposition-precipitation method. The samples were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectra. While sole Bi2MoO6 or AgI showed poor activity toward photocatalytic rhodamine B degradation, the nano-heterostructure was found with superior performance. The AgI/Bi2MoO6 composite with an optimal content of 20 wt% AgI exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation rate. Rhodamine B was totally degraded within 75 min visible-light irradiation. Moreover, the hybrid photocatalyst also showed a fairly good stability for several-cycle reuse. This study indicates that the AgI/Bi2MoO6 nano-heterostructure can be used as an effective candidate for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Keywords: Heterostructure, Photocatalyst, RhB-degradation

The aim of this study was to develop nanostructured-lipid carriers (NLC) encapsulated by Chitosan hydrogel beads for the efficient topical carrier. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were conducted to study the influence of the encapsulation on the characteristic of resveratrol-loaded NLC, and the results showed that there was no impact on resveratrol-loaded NLC. Chitosan hydrogel beads could significantly improve the physical stability of resveratrol-loaded NLC. In vitro release study revealed that resveratrol-loaded NLC-Chitosan hydrogel beads had a more significant sustained-release effect on resveratrol. In vitro transdermal studies suggested that the skin permeation of resveratrol was promoted by the effect of Chitosan hydrogel beads and increased resveratrol distribution in the skin. In vitro cytotoxicity showed that resveratrol-loaded NLC-Chitosan hydrogel beads did not exert a hazardous effect on L929 cells. Hence, NLC-Chitosan hydrogel beads might be a promising method for topical applications of resveratrol.

Firstly, this paper introduces the development of new materials, new technology and new manufacture in power industry of China, energy-saving, low noise and smart distribution transformers are widely used in countryside power grid reconstruction. In this paper, application status and development trend of different types of distribution transformers were introduced and compared in terms of new material and new structure, such as oil-immersed distribution transformer, amorphous core transformer(AMT), dry-type transformer, SF6 insulated distribution transformer, composite transformer and other types of distribution transformers. The development of distribution transformer is mainly based on energy saving, miniaturization, wound core and amorphous alloy nowadays, but the class-H dry-type transformer and tridimensional toroidal-core amorphous alloy transformer are the future direction of development. The technology application of smart distribution grid, power electronics technology and dynamic reactive power compensation technique will also affect the safety and economic operation of distribution transformer.

Friedel–Crafts alkylation of long-chain alkenes (mixed C16–24 olefins) with toluene catalyzed by chloroaluminate ionic liquids was investigated systematically in this work. The catalysts were characterized by FT-IR (acetonitrile molecule as probe), specific gravity, and 27Al NMR. Besides, the effect of chloroaluminate ionic liquids catalysts, catalysts dosage, toluene/olefins molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and C16–24 olefins (long-chain alkenes) on alkylation were investigated thoroughly. Bromine value and high performance liquid chromatography were employed as the evaluation method for alkylation products. The experiment results indicate that excellent conversion (99.85%) and good selectivity (32.99%) of C18 olefins alkylation have been reached under the optimal reaction conditions (T/O molar ratio = 10:1, catalyst/olefins = 0.3:1, 50 °C, 20 min). Moreover, the catalytic recyclability of [HMIM]Cl-2AlCl3 was proved after 10 reuses. The study shows that [HMIM]Cl-2AlCl3 not only has catalytic performance on long-chain alkenes alkylation but also exhibits excellent recyclability, possessing a possibility of industrial continuous production.

Heterostructures are closely related to enhanced photocatalytic function of SrTiO₃/Bi₂WO₆ hybrids.

A series of novel 1,4-dihydro-2,6- dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxamides were synthesized and characterized by infrared absorption spectrum (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), elemental analysis, ultraviolet spectrum (UV), and fluorescence techniques, together with X-ray single crystal diffraction. The results of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations provided a reasonable explanation on the molecular structures, the molecular frontier orbital, and the spectra of electronic absorption and emission. The present work will be helpful to systematically understanding of the structures and the optical properties of 1,4-dihydropyridines for studying the structure-activity relationship and to develop new drugs and their analytical methods.