State Key Laboratory of Concrete Materials Research

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel Multifunctional Polymers from Aromatic Diamines by Oxidative PolymerizationsXin-Gui Li, Mei-Rong Huang, Wei Duan, and Yu-Liang YangView Author Information Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Concrete Materials Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China Department of Macromolecular Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 9, 2925–3030Publication Date (Web):August 17, 2002Publication History Received29 January 2002Published online17 August 2002Published inissue 1 September 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr010423zCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views6057Altmetric-Citations567LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Electrodes,Polymerization,Polymers,Sensors Get e-Alerts

To meet the requirements of development for smart or intelligent structures in civil engineering, new functional materials that have good compatibility with civil engineering structural materials are needed. In this study, for the first time in the field of piezoelectric materials, cement‐based 0‐3 piezoelectric (PZT) composites were fabricated by the normal mixing and spreading method. The new materials have very good compatibility with portland cement concrete. The cement‐based 0‐3 piezoelectric composites were shown to have a slightly higher piezoelectric factor and electromechanical coefficient than those of 0‐3 PZT/polymer composites with a similar content of PZT particles; thus, they are adequate for sensor application. There is potential for the application of cement‐based 0‐3 PZT composites in civil engineering because of their better piezoelectric properties and good compatibility with portland cement concrete.

Abstract A series of terpolymers were synthesized by the chemical oxidative polymerization of m ‐phenylenediamine (MPD), o ‐anisidine (AS), and 2,3‐xylidine (XY) in hydrochloride aqueous medium. The yield, intrinsic viscosity, and solubility of the terpolymers were studied by changing the MPD/AS/XY molar ratio from 100/0/0 to 53/39/8 to 0/100/0. It was discovered that the MPD/AS/XY terpolymers exhibit a higher polymerization yield and better solubility than MPD/AS and MPD/XY bipolymers having the same MPD molar content. The as‐prepared MPD/AS/XY terpolymer bases were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet–visible, 1 H NMR, and high‐resolution solid‐state 13 C NMR spectroscopies; wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction; and thermogravimetry. The results suggested that the oxidative polymerization from MPD, AS, and XY is exothermic, and the resulting terpolymers are more easily soluble in some organic solvents than MPD homopolymer. The copolymer obtained was a real terpolymer containing MPD, AS, and XY units, and the actual MPD/AS/XY molar ratio calculated by solid‐state 13 C NMR spectra of the polymers is very close to the feed ratio, although the AS content calculated on the basis of the 1 H NMR spectrum of the soluble part of the polymer is higher than the feed AS content. The terpolymers and MPD homopolymer exhibit a higher polymerization yield and much higher intrinsic viscosity and are more amorphous than the AS homopolymer. At a fixed MPD content of 70 mol %, the terpolymers exhibit an increased thermostability and activation energy of the major degradation in nitrogen and air with an increasing AS content. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3989–4000, 2001

In Arizona US, most houses are built with walls covered by stuccos/coatings/mortars. This paper presents an explorative investigation of adding crumb rubber into stuccos/coatings/mortars. A series of experiments are conducted to examine the thermal and mechanical performance of the crumb rubber mixes. The results show that, the mixes with crumb rubber do exhibit more desirable performances like being high in crack-resistance and thermal insulation, and low in thermal expansion/contraction. The drawback for the crumb rubber mixes is the reduction in compressive strength, but which can be compensated by other means. As a site experiment, an area of 100 square-feet of crumb rubber coatings for two mix designs is sprayed on a tire-adobe wall. After being sprayed more than 14 months, the coatings apparently are in good condition. Significance of this study is that this practice, if accepted, will yield improved products that consume large quantities of crumb rubber.

Abstract Thermal degradation of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) film was investigated in air, nitrogen, helium, and argon with different physical and reactive characteristics from room temperature to 790°C by a high‐resolution thermogravimetry (TG) at a variable heating rate in response to the changes in the sample's weight‐loss rate. In nitrogen and argon, only a single‐step degradation process of the PPS was observed, but in helium, a two‐step degradation process of PPS was found. Notably, in air a four‐step degradation process of the PPS, which was hardly ever revealed by a traditional TG, was found in this investigation. The initial thermal degradation temperature T d and temperature at the first maximum weight‐loss rate T dm1 of the PPS increased in the following order: in helium < in nitrogen < in argon < in air. The first maximum weight‐loss rate also increased with the variation of atmosphere in the order: nitrogen < air < argon < helium. The char yield at 700°C increased in the order: in air < in helium < in nitrogen < in argon. The activation energy of the major degradation process of PPS calculated based on the high‐resolution TG data was very high, increasing in the order: in nitrogen < in argon < in helium < in air. The thermal decomposition parameters of the PPS determined by the high‐resolution TG were systematically compared with those by traditional TG at a constant heating rate. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2053–2059, 2002

Abstract A series of thermotropic copolyesters were synthesized by direct thermal melt polycondensation of p ‐acetoxybenzoic acid (PHB) with trans ‐ p ‐acetoxycinnamic acid (PHC). The dynamic thermogravimetric kinetics of the copolyesters in nitrogen were analyzed by four single heating‐rate techniques and three multiple heating‐rate techniques. The effects of the heating rate, copolyester composition, degradation stage, and the calculating techniques on the thermostability and degradation kinetic parameters of the copolyesters are systematically discussed. The four single heating‐rate techniques used in this work include Friedman, Freeman–Carroll, Chang, and the second Kissinger techniques, whereas the three multiple heating‐rate techniques are the first Kissinger, Kim–Park, and Flynn–Wall techniques. The decomposition temperature of the copolyesters increases monotonically with increasing PHB content from 40 to 60 mol %, whereas their activation energy exhibits a maximal value at the PHB content of 50 mol %. The decomposition temperature, activation energy, the order, and the frequency factor of the degradation reaction for the thermotropic copolyester with PHB/PHC feed ratio of 50/50 mol % were determined to be 374°C, 408 kJ/mol, 7.2, and 1.25 × 10 29 min −1 , respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 445–454, 2004

Abstract Thermal degradation and kinetics of polyethersulfone (PES) chips were studied in air, nitrogen, helium, and argon from room temperature to 790°C by high‐resolution thermogravimetry (TG) at a variable heating rate in response to changes in the sample's degradation rate. In the four atmospheres, a two‐step degradation process in air, argon, and helium or a three‐step degradation process in nitrogen of the PES were found in this investigation. In particular, the three‐step degradation process in nitrogen of the PES revealed by the high‐resolution TG was hardly ever observed by a traditional TG. The initial thermal degradation temperature of the PES increases with the testing atmosphere in the following order: air < argon < helium < nitrogen but the activation energy of the first major degradation of PES increases in a different order: argon < nitrogen < helium < air. The degradation temperature, the temperature at the maximum weight‐loss rate, the maximum weight‐loss rate [( d α/ dT ) m 1 and ( d α/ dT ) m 2 ], char yield at 790°C, and activation energy of the first major degradation process obtained by the high‐resolution TG were compared with those by traditional TG. The PES exhibits the largest ( d α/ dT ) m 1 and the greatest char yield at 790°C in helium but the largest ( d α/ dT ) m 2 and smallest char yield in air. A significant dependency of the thermal decomposition of the polymers on the physicochemical properties (density, thermal conductivity, and oxidative ability) of the testing atmospheres is elaborated for the first time. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3631–3637, 2003

Abstract Copolymer nanoparticles from aniline (AN) and 4‐sulfonic diphenylamine (SDP) were simply synthesized for the first time by an oxidative precipitation polymerization with inorganic oxidants in an acidic aqueous medium without any external emulsifier or stabilizer. The polymerization yield, intrinsic viscosity, solubility, solvatochromism, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability of the copolymers were systematically studied through changes in the AN/SDP ratio, polymerization temperature, oxidant species, monomer/oxidant ratio, and acidic medium. The molecular structure of the copolymers was characterized with elemental analysis, IR, and ultraviolet–visible spectra. The polymers exhibited very good solubility in polar solvents, water, and NH 4 OH, and this was mainly attributable to the presence of sulfonic acid side groups. The electrical conductivity of the copolymers increased greatly, from 6.00 × 10 −4 to 2.55 × 10 −1 S/cm, with increasing AN content. The size of the copolymer particles, determined by laser particle analysis and atomic force microscopy (AFM), strongly depended on the polymer state and oxidant/monomer ratio. Pure dedoped particles of the AN/SDP (50/50) copolymer at an oxidant/monomer ratio of 1/2 exhibited minimum length/diameter ratios of 62/44 and 45/30 nm by AFM and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The copolymers showed typical four‐step weight‐loss behavior in nitrogen and air and higher thermostability in nitrogen. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3380–3394, 2004

Abstract Poly( N ‐phenyl acrylamide) (PPA) and poly( N ‐phenyl methacrylamide) (PPMA) were prepared by using N ‐phenyl acrylamide and N ‐phenyl methacrylamide as monomer, respectively, in tetrahydrofuran using azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. FT‐IR, 1 H‐NMR, and GPC were used to characterize their molecular structure. The PPA obtained exhibited higher molecular weight and wider molecular weight distribution than that of PPMA. Their thermal degradation and kinetics were systematically investigated in two atmospheres of nitrogen and air from room temperature to 800°C by thermogravimetric analysis at 10°C/min. Based on the thermal decomposition reactions in nitrogen and air, it is shown that a three‐step degradation process in nitrogen and a four‐step degradation process for two polymers were observed in this investigation. The initial thermal degradation temperature was lower than 190°C. Under two atmospheres, PPA exhibits higher degradation temperature, higher temperature at the maximum weight‐loss rate, faster maximum weight‐loss rates, and larger weight loss for the first‐stage decomposition, as well as higher char yield at 500°C than those of PPMA. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1065–1071, 2003

Abstract The copolymer of methacrylic acid anhydride and N ‐2‐pyridyl bi(methacryl)imide was prepared based on the reaction of polymethacrylic acid with 2‐pyridylamine. The molecular structure was characterized by 1 H‐NMR, FTIR, UV–Vis, and circular dichroism techniques. The physical properties of polymethacrylic acid change significantly after an introduction of 6 mol % N ‐2‐pyridyl bi(methacryl)imide unit. In particular, the thermal degradation of the polymer was systematically studied in flowing nitrogen and air from room temperature to 800°C by thermogravimetry at a constant heating rate of 10°C/min. In both atmospheres, a four‐stage degradation process of the copolymer of methacrylic acid anhydride and N ‐2‐pyridyl bi(methacryl)imide was revealed. The initial thermal degradation temperature T d , and the first, second, and third temperatures at the maximum weight‐loss rate T dm 1 , T dm 2 , and T dm 3 all decrease with decreasing sample size or changing testing atmosphere from nitrogen to air, but the fourth temperature at the maximum weight‐loss rate T dm 4 increases. The maximum weight‐loss rate, char yield at elevated temperature, four‐stage decomposition process, and three kinetic parameters of the thermal degradation were discussed in detail. It is suggested that the copolymer of methacrylic acid anhydride and N ‐2‐pyridyl bi(methacryl)imide exhibits low thermal stability and multistage degradation characteristics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1673–1678, 2002

We make research on acryric acid emulsion based luminescence coating by adding the mix of alkaline earth aluminates and rare earth elements. This kind of luminescene coating can be luminescent by absorbing various visible light.This coating consisis of natural luminescence material, acryric acid emulsion,fillers,pigments, in addition to other additives. The luminescence mechanism and luminescence time is also discussed in this paper.