State University "Kyiv Aviation Institute"

Aim/Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze various performance metrics and approaches to their classification. The main goal of the study was to develop a new typology that will help to advance knowledge of metrics and facilitate their use in machine learning regression algorithms Background: Performance metrics (error measures) are vital components of the evaluation frameworks in various fields. A performance metric can be defined as a logical and mathematical construct designed to measure how close are the actual results from what has been expected or predicted. A vast variety of performance metrics have been described in academic literature. The most commonly mentioned metrics in research studies are Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), etc. Knowledge about metrics properties needs to be systematized to simplify the design and use of the metrics. Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted to achieve the objectives of identifying related peer-reviewed research studies, literature reviews, critical thinking and inductive reasoning. Contribution: The main contribution of this paper is in ordering knowledge of performance metrics and enhancing understanding of their structure and properties by proposing a new typology, generic primary metrics mathematical formula and a visualization chart Findings: Based on the analysis of the structure of numerous performance metrics, we proposed a framework of metrics which includes four (4) categories: primary metrics, extended metrics, composite metrics, and hybrid sets of metrics. The paper identified three (3) key components (dimensions) that determine the structure and properties of primary metrics: method of determining point distance, method of normalization, method of aggregation of point distances over a data set. For each component, implementation options have been identified. The suggested new typology has been shown to cover a total of over 40 commonly used primary metrics Recommendations for Practitioners: Presented findings can be used to facilitate teaching performance metrics to university students and expedite metrics selection and implementation processes for practitioners Recommendation for Researchers: By using the proposed typology, researchers can streamline development of new metrics with predetermined properties Impact on Society: The outcomes of this study could be used for improving evaluation results in machine learning regression, forecasting and prognostics with direct or indirect positive impacts on innovation and productivity in a societal sense Future Research: Future research is needed to examine the properties of the extended metrics, composite metrics, and hybrid sets of metrics. Empirical study of the metrics is needed using R Studio or Azure Machine Learning Studio, to find associations between the properties of primary metrics and their “numerical” behavior in a wide spectrum of data characteristics and business or research requirements

An all-inorganic, oxidatively and thermally stable, homogeneous water oxidation catalyst based on redox-active (vanadate(V)-centered) polyoxometalate ligands, Na10[Co4(H2O)2(VW9O34)2]·35H2O (Na101-V2, sodium salt of the polyanion 1-V2), was synthesized, thoroughly characterized and shown to catalyze water oxidation in dark and visible-light-driven conditions. This synthetic catalyst is exceptionally fast under mild conditions (TOF > 1 × 10(3) s(-1)). Under light-driven conditions using [Ru(bpy)3](2+) as a photosensitizer and persulfate as a sacrificial electron acceptor, 1-V2 exhibits higher selectivity for water oxidation versus bpy ligand oxidation, the final O2 yield by 1-V2 is twice as high as that of using [Co4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2](10-) (1-P2), and the quantum efficiency of O2 formation at 6.0 μM 1-V2 reaches ∼68%. Multiple experimental results (e.g., UV-vis absorption, FT-IR, (51)V NMR, dynamic light scattering, tetra-n-heptylammonium nitrate-toluene extraction, effect of pH, buffer, and buffer concentration, etc.) confirm that the polyanion unit (1-V2) itself is the dominant active catalyst and not Co(2+)(aq) or cobalt oxide.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of cancer among male airline pilots in the Nordic countries, with special reference to risk related to cosmic radiation. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study, with follow up of cancer incidence through the national cancer registries. SETTING: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: 10 032 male airline pilots, with an average follow up of 17 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Standardised incidence ratios, with expected numbers based on national cancer incidence rates; dose-response analysis using Poisson regression. RESULTS: 466 cases of cancer were diagnosed compared with 456 expected. The only significantly increased standardised incidence ratios were for skin cancer: melanoma 2.3 (95% confidence interval 1.7 to 3.0), non-melanoma 2.1 (1.7 to 2.8), basal cell carcinoma 2.5 (1.9 to 3.2). The relative risk of skin cancers increased with the estimated radiation dose. The relative risk of prostate cancer increased with increasing number of flight hours in long distance aircraft. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not indicate a marked increase in cancer risk attributable to cosmic radiation, although some influence of cosmic radiation on skin cancer cannot be entirely excluded. The suggestion of an association between number of long distance flights (possibly related to circadian hormonal disturbances) and prostate cancer needs to be confirmed.

Comparative pedagogical analyses were obtained on the basis of the generalised theoretical results. The aim of the study is to discover theoretical, methodological, didactic principles of a professional training of preschool teachers in the context of socio-political, economic, socio-cultural and pedagogical determinants in some European Union countries in order to justify the possibilities of introduction of an innovative European experience in preschool teachers? professional training in Ukraine and other countries. The results of comparative pedagogical research on professional development of preschool teachers? in some countries of the European Union are generalised; models were characterised; organisational and pedagogical support for the professional development of preschool teachers in some countries of the European Union was specified; the influence of European integration processes on the modernisation of professional development of preschool teachers in Ukraine and the comparative analysis of systems of professional development of preschool teachers in some countries of the European Union and Ukraine were studied; promising directions were described in the implementation of innovative ideas of the European experience in the vocational education system in Ukraine.

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: Kakhovka damdestructionKakhovske ReservoirRussia-Ukraine Wareconomic and environmental impactsUkraine AcknowledgementsWe express our profound gratitude to Iuliia Markhell, of the Ukrainian environmental non-governmental organisation (NGO) ‘Let’s do it Ukraine’, for her remarkable contribution as well as to her team, to the volunteers and local authorities who offered their indispensable help in the sampling of water and sediment from the Dnipro River, flooded areas, and the Dnipro–Bug estuary. Our sincere appreciation also extends to the Department of Municipal Safety of Odessa City Council and the Rescue and Diving Service of Odessa City Council for their dedicated efforts during sampling in the Odesa bay. Lastly, we are grateful to the staff of UkrSCES for their selfless work in collecting samples in the Black Sea during wartime. Your assistance and cooperation played a vital role in the success of this study, and for this we are deeply grateful.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Augmented reality is one of the most modern information visualization technologies. Number of scientific studies on different aspects of augmented reality technology development and application is analyzed in the research. Practical examples of augmented reality technologies for various industries are described. Very often augmented reality technologies are used for: social interaction (communication, entertainment and games); education; tourism; areas of purchase/sale and presentation. There are various scientific and mass events in Ukraine, as well as specialized training to promote augmented reality technologies. There are following results of the research: main benefits that educational institutions would receive from introduction of augmented reality technology are highlighted; it is determined that application of augmented reality technologies in education would contribute to these technologies development and therefore need increase for specialists in the augmented reality; growth of students' professional level due to application of augmented reality technologies is proved; adaptation features of augmented reality technologies in learning disciplines for students of different educational institutions are outlined; it is advisable to apply integrated approach in the process of preparing future professionals of new technological era; application of augmented reality technologies increases motivation to learn, increases level of information assimilation due to the variety and interactivity of its visual representation. Main difficulties of application of augmented reality technologies are financial, professional and methodical. Following factors are necessary for introduction of augmented reality technologies: state support for such projects and state procurement for development of augmented reality technologies; conduction of scientific research and experimental confirmation of effectiveness and pedagogical expediency of augmented reality technologies application for training of specialists of different specialties; systematic conduction of number of national and international events on dissemination and application of augmented reality technology. It is confirmed that application of augmented reality technologies is appropriate for training of future specialists of new technological era.

This paper considers new possibilities of turbulence intensity retrieval by using Doppler and Doppler-polarimetric radar sounding. Peculiarities of microwave scattering on moving droplets of different size and shape underlie new methods that are introduced, discussed, and checked by using radar data

The paper presents combination of new approaches and technologies in modern-day agriculture. Perspectives and benefits of usage of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in different spheres of agriculture considered on the base of spraying drone project called “AeroDrone”.

The pandemic and the announced quarantine have made adjustments to the bachelors and master degree student education in almost all universities around the world. The transition to the online education using modern Internet technologies has been made, that has led to certain challenges in higher education system. The purpose of the article is the analysis of COVID-19 impact on Ukrainian higher education. The following research methods were used in the article: empirical methods, methods of theoretical analysis, questionnaire, and interview. In the article the approaches to the online education in universities in Ukraine have been analyzed. The results of the article have a few significant implications for science and practice of online education and its perspectives for Ukrainian higher education system. Prospects of online education of students have been offered during COVID-19. The main recommendations are the following: to organize training courses of online education methods for lecturers; to organize in-depth training courses of online education methods for lecturers of non-pedagogical specialties (including training in interactive online teaching methods, formation of an individual learning trajectory, online multidisciplinary courses development); university's management should provide constant monitoring of the satisfaction of students and lecturers of the online education organization for the accumulation of statistical data in the dynamics.

Abstract This study analyzes various publications of scientists on the training of future IT specialists and the features of training programming using online simulators. The authors of the article made a comparative description of different online platforms for teaching programming according to certain criteria, selected interesting tasks from the online platform hackerrank.com, which have already been used to teach students. Online programming simulators have significant potential in organizing an effective distance learning system in Ukrainian universities. It is important to use online simulators in the learning process as an additional tool for the formation of professional competencies, which provides more intensive involvement of students in the process of writing code and practical (situational) application of existing knowledge. Gamification of the process of training future IT specialists helps to increase cognitive activity, and hence – the quality of the educational process and distance learning in particular. The authors recommend the use of online programming simulators as an additional tool for teaching computer science disciplines, taking into account their functionality, as well as the level of preparation of students and the expected learning outcomes.

The analysis of existing virtual laboratories for engineering education is carried out. It is shown that virtual laboratories are an effective alternative to real laboratories. Users can get access to such laboratories at any time and from any place. Typically, virtual labs are cheaper than real ones. Such laboratories allow users to change operating parameters over a wide range while carrying out experiments, to conduct virtual experiments with hazardous substances or such that are practically impossible to carry out in real conditions or require significant financial resources. At the same time, the disadvantages of virtual laboratories are reviewed. In addition, an analysis of current trends in the development of virtual laboratories for engineering education is presented. Conclusions are made that blended learning can serve as a promising one.

The problem of providing lifelong learning opportunities at the present stage of global community development remains relevant and is a top-priority agenda for practically all civilized countries. Positive experience in organizing professional training of preschool teachers in European countries requires that perspective trends in the modernization of future preschool teachers’ professional training should be specified following European standards of teacher education and the most significant achievements of higher education, its peculiarities and specifics should be preserved. Conceptual principles, peculiarities of historical development and key trends in the system of professional teacher education in Germany, France and the UK have been analyzed and determined; professional profiles, professional competency profiles and qualification requirements have been characterized; both national specific and general common trends in development of preschool teachers’ professional training in European countries have been outlined. The development of professional standards for teacher education in European countries contributes to specifying and developing professional profiles of preschool teachers in Europe that are rather diverse and determine the multifacetedness and multifunctionality of professional training. The main trends in education policy and qualification requirements for professional training of preschool teachers in European countries include: providing public sector specialists with initial training; adjusting consecutive education to the provisions of the Bologna Declaration; ensuring continuing professional development of specialists involved in educational activities in preschool institutions; implementing the European conception of professional training with the use of competency-based approach.

Abstract In the framework of this study, the essential features of the systematic approach application in the process of managing sustainable development by company’s human capital reproduction and intellectualization were identified. The characteristics of the system that are able to ensure its integrity, continuity of operation, adaptability and ability to self-study, self-organization are highlighted. The successive stages of individual human capital reproduction in the process of its circulation are determined. The key stages of company’s human capital reproduction with taking into account the factors of internal and external environment are singled out. Production volumes for industrial enterprises of Ukraine using the Cobb-Douglas function are predicted. Levels of company’s organizational behavior for the purpose of defining features of company’s human capital reproduction on each of them are allocated. The mechanism for managing sustainable development by human capital reproduction in the system of company’s organizational behavior is offered. A set of measures aimed at effective implementation of the proposed mechanism and intensification of the company through its human capital reproduction in the system of organizational behavior are developed.

Represented paper is currently topical, because of year on year increasing quantity and diversity of attacks on computer networks that causes significant losses for companies. This work provides abilities of such problems solving as: existing methods of location of anomalies and current hazards at networks, statistical methods consideration, as effective methods of anomaly detection and experimental discovery of choosed method effectiveness. The method of network traffic capture and analysis during the network segment passive monitoring is considered in this work. Also, the processing way of numerous network traffic indexes for further network information safety level evaluation is proposed. Represented methods and concepts usage allows increasing of network segment reliability at the expense of operative network anomalies capturing, that could testify about possible hazards and such information is very useful for the network administrator. To get a proof of the method effectiveness, several network attacks, whose data is storing in specialised DARPA dataset, were chosen. Relevant parameters for every attack type were calculated. In such a way, start and termination time of the attack could be obtained by this method with insignificant error for some methods.

After analysis of scientific literature, we defined that concept of “augmented reality” has following synonyms: “advanced reality”, “improved reality”, “enriched reality”, “mixed reality” and “hybrid reality”. Analysis of scientific literature and own practical experience of the use of augmented reality technologies application in educational practices allowed to state next: augmented reality technologies have a great potential for application in education; there are some cases of augmented reality use for school education; positive aspects of augmented reality technologies application in higher education institutions are confirmed by experiments (isolated cases); only few universities in Ukraine apply augmented reality technologies to educate students; only few universities in Ukraine have special subjects or modules in schedule to teach students to develop augmented reality technologies; various scientific events, mass events, competitions are held in Ukraine, and specialized training on the augmentation of augmented reality technologies is carried out, but this is non-systematic and does not have special state orientation and support. Features of introduction of virtual and augmented reality technologies at Sumy State University (Ukraine) are identified: “e-learning ecosystems” was created; in 2019, augmented and virtual reality research laboratory was established. Advantages and disadvantages of project activity in education are described: project activity is one of the most important components of educational process; it promotes creative self-development and self-realization of project implementers and forms various life competencies. It is determined that augmented reality application for implementation of educational projects will help: to increase students’ interest for educational material; formation of new competences; increase of students’ motivation for independent educational and cognitive activity; activation of educational activities; formation of positive motivation for personal and professional growth; conditions creation for development of personal qualities (creativity, teamwork, etc.). Current trends in implementation of educational projects were identified: most of the winner projects were implemented using augmented reality technology; augmented reality technologies were used in projects to teach different disciplines in higher education institutions. Augmented reality technology application for project activity has positive impact on learning outcomes and competitiveness of the national workforce; it will enhance the country’s position in the global economic space.

The percolation behaviour of conductive composites containing particles of different sizes was analysed. A composite was simulated as the media containing small conductive particles distributed in the channels between large insulative particles, where each large particle is covered by n monolayers of the filler particles. The simulations were done for the cases of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) lattices. It was shown that the percolation filler concentration x* versus the particle size ratio λ = R/r and the number of monolayers n may be approximated as , where d is the space dimensionality; is the site random percolation threshold; neff is the effective number of monolayers, which decreases with increase in n and neff → n in the limit of n → ∞. The scaling behaviour of the percolation threshold inside the layers confined by the large particles was analysed. The data obtained at different values of λ and n gave the same correlation length exponent values as for the classical random percolation both for 2D and 3D cases. Analysis of the electrical conductivity behaviour near the percolation threshold in 2D systems showed the existence of the obvious differences at different values of λ and n, though the conductivity exponents s and t retained their universal values typical for the random percolation. The accuracy of the developed theoretical approach was experimentally tested for the polyvinyl chloride–copper (PVC–Cu) and polycarbonate–copper (PC–Cu) composites.

Using the statistical theory of optimization of radio engineering systems the optimal method of coherent radar imaging of surfaces in airborne synthetic aperture radar with planar antenna arrays is developed. This method summarizes several modes of terrain observation and it is fully consistent with current trends in the development of cognitive radars with the possibilities of radiation pattern restructuring in space and adaptive reception of reflected signals. Possible modifications of the obtained optimal method for the operation of high-precision airborne radars with a wide swath are presented. The idea is to create a theoretical basis and lay the foundations for its practical application in solving a wide range of issues of statistical optimization of methods and algorithms for optimal spatiotemporal signal processing in cognitive radar systems for the formation of both high-precision and global radar images. To implement the idea, the article highlights the concept of statistical optimization of spatio-temporal processing of electromagnetic fields in on-board cognitive radar systems, which will be based on the synthesis and analysis of methods, algorithms and structures of radar devices for coherent imaging, the study of limiting errors in restoring the spatial distribution of the complex scattering coefficient, the synthesis of optimal feedback for receiver and transmitter adaptations in accordance with a priori information about the parameters of the objects of study, the area of observation and the existing sources of interference. Objective is to develop the theory and fundamentals of the technical implementation of airborne radar systems for the formation of high-precision radar images in an extended field of view from aerospace carriers. Tasks. To reach the objective it is necessary to solve following tasks:– formalize mathematical models of spatiotemporal stochastic radio signals and develop likelihood functional for observation equations in which the useful signal, receiver internal noise and interference radiation of anthropogenic objects are random processes;– to synthesize algorithms for optimal processing of spatio-temporal stochastic signals in multi-channel radar systems located on aerospace-based mobile platforms;- in accordance with the synthesized methods, to substantiate the block diagrams of their implementation;– obtain analytical expressions for the potential characteristics of the quality of radar imaging and determine the class of probing signals and space scanning methods necessary to perform various tasks of radar surveillance;‒ to confirm some of the theoretical results by simulation methods, in which to reveal the features of the technical implementation of aerospace remote sensing radar systems.

A strategy for airline recovery from schedule perturbation caused by adverse weather or other temporary events is proposed. Capacity reduction at a hub airport caused by these temporary events is reflected as reduced slots (or later controlled time of arrivals) for airlines from ground delay programs. It is suggested that under severe circumstances legacy airlines with hub-and-spoke networks implement ground transportation into their network to substitute for flights. This strategy is called real-time intermodal substitution (RTIMS). RTIMS is different from air-rail cooperation practiced in Europe in that it is triggered only by a severe demand and supply imbalance at major hub airports and it performs operational integration of airside and ground transportation. Mathematical programming is presented to help airlines make decisions about if and how to delay, canceling flights, or substituting flights with buses. An approximation algorithm is proposed to obtain solutions, avoiding substantial computation time required to solve large-scale nonlinear integer programming. As an evaluation, experimental data are used to compare scenarios with and without tactical intermodal substitution.

Work of medical personal with images is one of sought-after skill with insufficient amount of specialists that realized in their overloading and possible. In that connection purpose of our work was implementation of the computer vision system for evaluation of pathomorphological images as pathologists are most scarce specialist in modern medicine. We performed programmed and manual study of pathomorpological slides (immunohistochemical and cytological) with application of machine vision systems for counting of selected objects and comparison with previously manual estimation. The software was written in the Python 2.7 programming language using the OpenCV library for other purposes was modified. Two features were used to determine the nuclei and cells: the characteristic color range and the ratio of the area of the object to the square of its perimeter. We obtain average relative error of the suggested soft version about 9.2%, so accuracy of detection of cancer markers is 90.8% that is sufficient for the initial examination of a patient with screening examination of large number of patients even in so difficult images as immunohistochemistry.

Abstract The usage of remote sensing data for tracking or monitoring war conflicts is a reality nowadays. The Russian invasion in Ukraine seriously impacted on the environment of the attacked country in all areas: air, soil, water, flora and fauna. The war has created a massive increase in air pollution in some regions of Ukraine, and might have effect in neighbouring countries. The Russian attack has caused many fires at places such as oil depots, industrial complexes, equipment and ammunition stockpiles, the forests, and residential areas. In addition to this, many bridges, hydraulic and other structures located over and near the water bodies were destroyed. These events were analysed in this paper by using publicly available remote sensing data: NOAA-2, Suomi NPP, Aqua and Terra satellites, Sentinel and Landsat satellites, as well as from other sources open to public. We assume that the use of remote sensing data is an excellent tool to monitor effects of military conflicts on environment. The conducted research with proposed method can serve as a good scientific practice that should be implemented for monitoring of the harm to nature caused by wars.