Sydney College of Divinity

Abstract For the developers of next‐generation education technology (EdTech), the use of Learning Analytics (LA) is a key competitive advantage as the use of some form of LA in EdTech is fast becoming ubiquitous. At its core LA involves the use of Artificial Intelligence and Analytics on the data generated by technology‐mediated learning to gain insights into how students learn, especially for large cohorts, which was unthinkable only a few decades ago. This LA growth‐spurt coincides with a growing global “Ethical AI” movement focussed on resolving questions of personal agency, freedoms, and privacy in relation to AI and Analytics. At this time, there is a significant lack of actionable information and supporting technologies, which would enable the goals of these two communities to be aligned. This paper describes a collaborative research project that seeks to overcome the technical and procedural challenges of running a data‐driven collaborative research project within an agreed set of privacy and ethics boundaries. The result is a reference architecture for ethical research collaboration and a framework, or roadmap, for privacy‐preserving analytics which will contribute to the goals of an ethical application of learning analytics methods. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic Privacy Enhancing Technologies, including a range of provable privacy risk reduction techniques (differential privacy) are effective tools for managing data privacy, though currently only pragmatically available to well‐funded early adopters. Learning Analytics is a relatively young but evolving field of research, which is beginning to deliver tangible insights and value to the Education and EdTech industries. A small number of procedural frameworks have been developed in the past two decades to consider data privacy and other ethical aspects of Learning Analytics. What this paper adds This paper describes the mechanisms for integrating Learning Analytics, Data Privacy Technologies and Ethical practices into a unified operational framework for Ethical and Privacy‐Preserving Learning Analytics. It introduces a new standardised measurement of privacy risk as a key mechanism for operationalising and automating data privacy controls within the traditional data pipeline; It describes a repeatable framework for conducting ethical Learning Analytics. Implications for practice and/or policy For the Learning Analytics (LA) and Education Technology communities the approach described here exemplifies a standard of ethical LA practice and data privacy protection which can and should become the norm. The privacy risk measurement and risk reduction tools are a blueprint for how data privacy and ethics can be operationalised and automated. The incorporation of a standardised privacy risk evaluation metric can help to define clear and measurable terms for inter‐ and intra‐organisational data sharing and usage policies and agreements (Author, Ruth Marshall, is an Expert Contributor on ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32/WG 6 "Data usage", due for publication in early 2022).

Paulus und die imperialen Obrigkeiten in Thessaloniki und Rom. Eine Studie zum Ideologiekonflikt.

This paper examines the role and relationships of Christian chaplains in non-church settings. Covington's and Smith's description of presence as exercised by nurses has been adapted to fit the work of chaplains in order to provide a working definition. Next, a transcendental understanding of presence is explored, beginning with a description of an encounter with the presence of God. Third, the biblical understandings of the presence of God are examined. Fourth, the author draws on philosophical theology to consider the extent to which chaplains, nurses, clients and patients who are not believers experience the presence of God in encounters that might otherwise be described in terms of a caring presence. Fifth, he considers the role that common grace plays in this ministry. The conclusion incorporates discussion of a future work that might be done in this area.

There are many challenges for educators in using distance and online education to adequately prepare students for their future professions. These challenges are accentuated in disciplines that prepare people for relational professions, which require people skills and a certain maturity of character. Educators in many disciplines, including theology, have questioned the suitability of distance and online education for preparing students for relational professions. This paper describes research that investigated educators’ concerns about distance and online education in Australian theological education institutions. These concerns focus around “formation” or character development, which is considered an essential element of theological education. The study used a questionnaire and interviews to explore theological educators’ understandings of formation and what educational practices can be used to encourage student formation. The coding of participant responses identified a number of categories of understandings and practices of formation. These provide a detailed and nuanced understanding of formation, which may assist educators in the development of formational learning in a variety of contexts and modes of study. It was also found that concerns about formation at a distance cluster around particular categories and practices of formation. Further exploration of these concerns and strategies for addressing them is recommended. These findings may be of interest for other disciplines which prepare people for relational professions or place value on character development.

Die ersten Christen in der antiken Welt. Aufsätze zur augusteischen Zeit und zum Neuen Testament.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the long-acting altrenogest injection (NV Readyserve® injection) for horses. DESIGN: A single-dose pharmacokinetic (PK) study was conducted. The in vivo efficacy study was a blinded, repeated measures design evaluating behaviour scores. The safety study was a non-blinded, controlled, parallel-group, randomised-block design as per the VICH protocol. METHODS: In the PK study, serial blood samples were obtained for analysis of plasma altrenogest for 150 h following the injection and a non-compartmental PK analysis was performed. For the efficacy study, 12 mares in oestrus were treated; they were monitored daily for 10 days for signs of oestrus during teasing and given a behaviour score that was compared with pretreatment scores. A standard safety study was conducted at 1-, 3- and 5-fold the recommended dosage for 84 days. Physical, haematological and biochemical examinations were performed. RESULTS: Mean plasma altrenogest concentrations were greater than ≈0.5 ng/mL for 148 h following administration. Oestrous behaviour was suppressed in all mares within 24 h of administration. Two mares returned to oestrus by day 6 and the rest on days 7-10. In the safety study there were no significant differences in the physical and haematological examinations, but minor biochemical changes in muscle enzymes. There was a low incidence of injection site reactions following the 3- and 5-fold dose, predominantly for pectoral injections. CONCLUSION: These studies support the efficacy and safety of a single dose of Readyserve® injection for the suppression of the signs of oestrus in mares for 5-7 days.

BACKGROUND: Accurate molecular assays for prediction of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)/susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) can offer individualized treatment of gonorrhoea and enhanced AMR surveillance. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the new ResistancePlus® GC assay and the GC 23S 2611 (beta) assay (SpeeDx), for prediction of resistance/susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin, respectively. METHODS: Nine hundred and sixty-seven whole-genome-sequenced Ng isolates from 20 European countries, 143 Ng-positive (37 with paired Ng isolates) and 167 Ng-negative clinical Aptima Combo 2 (AC2) samples, and 143 non-gonococcal Neisseria isolates and closely related species were examined with both SpeeDx assays. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the ResistancePlus® GC assay to detect Ng in AC2 samples were 98.6% and 100%, respectively. ResistancePlus® GC showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for GyrA S91 WT/S91F detection and 99.8% sensitivity and specificity in predicting phenotypic ciprofloxacin resistance. The sensitivity and specificity of the GC 23S 2611 (beta) assay for Ng detection in AC2 samples were 95.8% and 100%, respectively. GC 23S 2611 (beta) showed 100% sensitivity and 99.9% specificity for 23S rRNA C2611 WT/C2611T detection and 64.3% sensitivity and 99.9% specificity for predicting phenotypic azithromycin resistance. Cross-reactions with non-gonococcal Neisseria species were observed with both assays, but the analysis software solved most cross-reactions. CONCLUSIONS: The new SpeeDx ResistancePlus® GC assay performed well in the detection of Ng and AMR determinants, especially in urogenital samples. The GC 23S 2611 (beta) assay performed relatively well, but its sensitivity, especially for predicting phenotypic azithromycin resistance, was suboptimal and further optimizations are required, including detection of additional macrolide resistance determinant(s).

The use of pure oats (oats cultivated with special care to avoid gluten contamination from wheat, rye, and barley) in the gluten-free diet (GFD) represents important nutritional benefits for the celiac consumer. However, emerging evidence suggests that some oat cultivars may contain wheat gliadin analog polypeptides. Consequently, it is necessary to screen oats in terms of protein and epitope composition to be able to select safe varieties for gluten-free applications. The overall aim of our study is to investigate the variability of oat protein composition directly related to health-related and techno-functional properties. Elements of an oat sample population representing 162 cultivated varieties from 20 countries and the protein composition of resulting samples have been characterized. Size distribution of the total protein extracts has been analyzed by size exclusion-high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) while the 70% ethanol-extracted proteins were analyzed by RP-HPLC. Protein extracts separated into three main groups of fractions on the SE-HPLC column: polymeric proteins, avenins (both containing three subgroups based on their size), and soluble proteins, representing respectively 68.79-86.60, 8.86-27.72, and 2.89-11.85% of the total protein content. The ratio of polymeric to monomeric proteins varied between 1.37 and 3.73. Seventy-six reversed phase-HPLC-separated peaks have been differentiated from the ethanol extractable proteins of the entire population. Their distribution among the cultivars varied significantly, 6-23 peaks per cultivar. The number of appearances of peaks also showed large variation: one peak has been found in 107 samples, while 15 peaks have been identified, which appeared in less than five cultivars. An estimation method for ranking the avenin-epitope content of the samples has been developed by using MS spectrometric data of collected RP-HPLC peaks and bioinformatics methods. Using ELISA methodology with the R5 antibody, a high number of the investigated samples were found to be contaminated with wheat, barley, or rye.

Background and Objectives: Cannabidiol (CBD) is increasingly being studied as a therapeutic option for a range of health conditions; however, the pharmacokinetics of CBD is not well understood. This study characterized CBD pharmacokinetics in healthy adults using a population pharmacokinetic approach, informing drug development of oral-based dose forms of CBD. Materials and Methods: CBD concentration-time data were obtained from a phase I, randomized, open-label, four-way crossover study ( n =12) and modeled using Phoenix NLME. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to estimate CBD exposure with chronic dosing as intended for clinical use (50 mg b.i.d.). Results: A three-compartment pharmacokinetic model with a chain of absorption transit compartments and first-order elimination most adequately described CBD pharmacokinetics. Substantial variability in population pharmacokinetic parameters was identified (up to 60%CV), which could not be accounted for by any covariates. Simulations indicated a 3.6-fold difference in drug exposure at steady state with multiple dosing (AUC τ 95% prediction interval: 65.5–138 ng·h/mL), and variability in the time to reach steady state, which was predicted to be up to ∼3 weeks in some individuals (95% prediction interval: 18.6–297 h). Conclusions: The findings of this study have important implications for drug development. The lack of a clear dose-response relationship, due to large pharmacokinetic variability, indicates that a one-size-fits-all approach to CBD dosing may not be feasible, at least with current dosing approaches. Furthermore, an extended time to reach steady state means that the full effect of a selected dose level is not truly observed for some time and requires careful consideration in trial design.

Religious faith and spiritual practices, although increasingly important to some students, are often avoided in the Western University classroom and student experience. There are some understandable and valid reasons for this. However, when two academics (Education/Social Work and Theology) were asked to evaluate a co-curricular, interreligious dialogue program in an Australian University, called Finding Common Ground (FCG), the data was so compelling that consideration for pedagogies in the university ‘classroom’ took on additional significance. More so in the contemporary context, where religious pluralism and respectful religious expression is to be encouraged, over and against polarisation, in today’s global and multi-religious world. This article reports on the evaluation of the FCG program’s social inclusion and inter-cultural literacy objectives. As a co-curricular program, FCG offers a safe space for students to discuss their religious faith, or alternative value base, and to learn from those of others. Research findings on two iterations of the program indicated that creating safe spaces, respectful dialogue and eliciting personal narratives supported the development of inter-cultural literacy in participants and encouraged participation of minority student voices. We examine this informal learning process, exploring possibilities that might affirm more inclusive practices in higher education and cross-culturally informed graduate outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: A large-scale capture method was developed to enable sterilisation of a macropod population in western Sydney from 2005 to 2018. METHODS: Until March 2007, free ranging eastern grey kangaroos and red kangaroos were herded into purpose-built 15 m diameter capture yards (CYs) for darting with a projectile syringe. From March 2007 onwards, animals were free-range darted in large areas without herding. Kangaroos were darted with 1.33-5.10 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam and 0.01-0.02 mg/kg medetomidine, ± 0.03 mg/kg acepromazine. Deaths were monitored. Population counts were performed annually. RESULTS: There were 5825 capture events involving 3963 kangaroos. Over 85% of all captures occurred from 2005 to 2008. Of all reported deaths (n = 523), 135 were attributed to ill health. Musculoskeletal injuries incurred during capture were the main project-related cause of death (n = 116). Post capture myopathy was uncommonly diagnosed following capture (n = 19). CONCLUSION: The herding and capture method enabled a large number of kangaroos to be mobilised and captured with low mortality rates, and the use of CYs resulted in fewer capture-related injuries and deaths than free-range capture. The drug doses and combinations used for darting were safe and effective, and the capture technique was successfully applied to a population management project.

Abstract Missio Dei (“the mission of God”), and grounding the mission of the church in the character of God as a missionary God, is one of the most important theological (re-)discoveries of the twentieth-century. The concept is limited, however, if focused on one aspect of God as sending God, model of incarnational mission or empowerment for mission. This article argues that missio Dei is missio Trinitas (“the mission of the Trinity”). It explores the richness of missio Dei from an explicitly trinitarian perspective and its implications for local congregations, in conversation with missional church writers. The article argues that missio Trinitas places primary responsibility for mission with a Trinitarian God, invites the church to join God in the dance of (co-)mission, moves mission beyond church programs to a spirituality of mission, turns church attention to a whole gospel for the whole world, and calls all Christians into mission as communities rather than individuals. Ensuring a Trinitarian understanding of God and mission helps the church to remember the importance of divine agency, spirituality of mission, holistic mission and the mission of the whole people of God.

Trip to Ca/^c York Peninsula.99 I)lace(l in middle of clianihcr.Teniiitariuin .tft.() in.high, 5 ft. in length, IS in.thick at ba.se, ta])ering to a tine edge at top; thickness at nest 7 in.The nesting sites appear to be rather frequently taken possession of by P. atropyujialis.Eggs of the Parrot are laid on soft broken up termitariuni material, and number from 4 to 6, pure white, almost round, and with little gloss.Clutch 1, measuring in millimetres: -A-.83 X .70B-.83 x .70C-.81 x .72Clutch 2 (Tvpe).-A-.83x .72,;B-.84 x .74;C-.84 x .68;D-.82 X .72. ' One clutch taken was the ])roduce of birds in iinmature plumage, which presented such variation from adults that Mr. McLennan at first thought he had a new species.The variation probably accounts for stories circulated as to two species of anthill Parrots being found in the Coen district, but a person of Mr. AIcLennan's wide experience and ornithological knowledge is not likely to have overlooked a second species during nine months' residence in the locality.A Collecting Trip to Cape York

Over the past decade, smartphones and various offshoot wearables have become indispensable consumer devices attracting considerable attention beyond telecommunications providing accessible edge computing and data generation into the Internet. Particularly, sensing technologies are rising, and advanced analytics both at the edge and exploiting online computing and camera imaging are growing. The data generated from these are already being collated, stored, processed, and used by various commercial enterprises, raising considerable regulatory and ethical challenges across multiple sectors. At the core of all this remain simple cost-effective sensor technologies and the work toward that. This review examines these sensor technologies to highlight challenges being solved to achieve full-spectrum Internet of Things (IoT), using advances in sensing and material processing including the pivotal role of additive manufacturing in accelerating deployment testing and understanding of these sensors and diagnostic elements. These sensors are the points from which the intelligent IoT “feels”, detects, and makes ideally real-time assessments, creating a global sensory network founded on light that, to our present knowledge, knows no natural equivalent, potentially turning the earth itself into the skeleton of an intelligent organism. It introduces the sensor side of the coming IoT, and while the focus is on smartphone technologies, the principles apply to the majority of IoT network edge technologies.

Drawing on the work of Martin Buber, Miroslav Volf, Parker Palmer, Walter Bruggemann and Simone Weil, this article explores some of the features of the ministry of presence exercised by chaplains. It builds on the concept, definitions and theological underpinnings of the author's previous paper (Journal of Christian Education, 52, 1, May 2009, 7–22). It argues that the ministry of presence is one means by which chaplains collaborate with God to complete creation. It is a process in which chaplains assist the personal awareness, growth, and understanding of the other person.

By the time Gregory, bishop of Tours, wrote his Histories, the great narrative of the history of Gaul in the sixth century, one of the problems which faced the Church was that of developing a sense of identity among its members. As bishop and historian, Gregory was vigorously engaged in this task of building up the self identity of the Catholic Church. Outside this Church and, therefore, marginalised in religious terms, were the Arians and Jews. However Gregory is not interested in exploring their marginality. Analysis of the passages involving Arians and Jews, reveals that they are depicted as agents of differentiation. By deploying the imagery of the unclean, demonstrating the inferiority of Arian baptism, contrasting the ineffective powers of Arian bishops with the miraculous powers of Catholic bishops, the exclusion of Arians from the true Church is emphasised. Accounts of conversions of Jews reveal the incorporative nature of Catholic baptism, the relationships of spiritual kinship thus established and the leadership of the bishop as vital to the welfare of the Catholic community. By appreciating what they are not, Catholic Christians will achieve a greater sense of self identity.

OBJECTIVE: Sustained exercise training could significantly improve patient rehabilitation and management of noncommunicable diseases in the community. This study aimed to develop a universal telecare system for delivery of exercise rehabilitation and cardiovascular training services at home. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An innovative bilateral leg training device was equipped with an electronic system for the ongoing measurement of training activities with the device. A single-item parameter reflecting the intensity of training was monitored using several modern telecommunication technologies. According to the application protocol, eight volunteers first tried the device for 30-60 min to determine their personal training capacity. Then, they were provided with equipment to use at home for 4 weeks. Adherence to daily training was assessed by the number of training days per week, training intensity, and duration of training sessions. RESULTS: The system provided reliable recording of training activities with the device using (1) long-term data logging without an ongoing connection to the computer, (2) wireless monitoring and recording of training activities on a stand-alone computer, and (3) a secure cloud-based monitoring over the Internet connection using electronic devices, including smartphones. Overall analysis of recordings and phone feedbacks to participants took only approximately 5 h for the duration of study. CONCLUSIONS: This study, although of a pilot nature, described the comprehensive exercise telerehabilitation system integrating mobile training equipment with personalized training protocols and remote monitoring. A single-item electronic parameter of the system usage facilitated time-effective data management. Wireless connection allowed various locations of device application and several monitoring arrangements ranging from real-time monitoring to long-term recording of exercise activities. A cloud-based software platform enabled management of multiple users at distance. Implementation of this model may facilitate both accessibility and availability of personalized exercise telerehabilitation services. Further studies would validate it in the clinical and healthcare environment.

Mentoring is a commonly practiced and well-researched activity, as are the subsets of Christian mentoring and young adult mentoring. The research question explored here was simple: How can mentoring be most helpful for Christian young adults, given their particular nuances? This article therefore surveys the literature on Christian mentoring, showing it as a pivotal tool for spiritual formation. It then investigates the world young adults are emerging into, one that is dominated by complexity, secularity, alienation, abandonment, insecurity and a lack of identity. It shows how mentoring can be of particular assistance in helping Christian young adults to develop their identity, which in turn is fundamental to their own spiritual formation. As mentors practice the arts of listening, questioning and encouraging these young adults, the journey of identity and spiritual formation can be assisted. The article concludes with proposals for the training and promotion of Christian mentoring overall, but with a particular focus for young adults on identity.

Perception and experience of transformative learning and faculty authenticity among Christian education professors in North America were explored in this qualitative research. Through convenient purposeful sampling, 19 professors from North American Professors of Christian Education were recruited for this study and, ultimately, 16 professors participated in the whole research process. The findings from the research study consist of Christian professors’ experience and perception of transformative learning and faculty authenticity, and through the qualitative research analysis three components to “pedagogy of authenticity” were derived, namely (a) integrity; (b) facilitating disorientation; and (c) relational teaching.

BACKGROUND: Reducing weight stigma in healthcare is critical to supporting and improving the health of people living with overweight or obesity and decreasing the risk of adverse patient outcomes. We were invited as stigma researchers to participate in an online workshop alongside community members, healthcare professionals and policymakers to codesign guidance for reducing weight stigma in healthcare. This workshop prompted us to reflect on why and how weight stigma should be addressed in healthcare, and to provide recommendations for healthcare professionals and policymakers to reduce weight stigma in healthcare. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents our reflections and recommendations for addressing weight stigma in healthcare following the codesign workshop. DISCUSSION: Recommendations include targeting individual healthcare professionals and involving clear, practical guidelines and training that leverage the notions of 'do no harm', improving practice and recognising biases. Importantly, such strategies must be couched in broader structural approaches to weight stigma reduction.