Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek

This study brings a fresh approach—a learning perspective—to the literature examin-ing whether firms expand internationally through start-ups or acquisitions. Hypothe-ses concern how this strategic choice is influenced hy a firm's multinational diversity and product diversity. The results show that multinational diversity leads to foreign start-ups rather than acquisitions. Product diversity has a curvilinear efiect on the tendency to use start-ups. The curvilinear effect becomes weaker at higher levels of multinational diversity. Firms can internationalize in a number of ways, including through exports, licensing, and foreign direct investments (e.g.. Dunning, 1980,1988). For-eign direct investments (FDIs) have increased dra-matically over the last few decades, both in relative and absolute terms, reaching annual growth rates of nearly 30 percent and a worldwide total of about $1.5 trillion in the late 1980s (United Nations,

Since the publication of Williamson's Markets and Hierarchies, many empirical articles have investigated the tenets of transaction cost theory. Using meta-analytic techniques, we quantitatively synthesized and evaluated transaction cost-based empirical research on organizational boundary (make, buy, or ally) decisions. We found strong support for the theory for both make versus buy and ally versus buy decisions. However, we did not find evidence that asset specificity had stronger predictive power than uncertainty. Hierarchical and relational governance appropriately aligned with transaction dimensions both led to enhanced performance. On the basis of our meta-analysis, we provide directions for future research.

Successful international joint ventures entail both learning to operate across national boundaries and learning to cooperate. Hypotheses grounded in organizational learning theory were tested with event-history analysis and data on 1,493 expansions of 25 large Dutch firms between 1966 and 1994. Experience with domestic joint ventures and with international wholly owned subsidiaries contributed to the longevity of international joint ventures, but prior experience with international joint ventures did not.

A tremendous amount of research has explored the relationship between managerial pay and firm performance. We argue that this research has generally been limited because it ignores other criteria t...

The baseline model featured in the conference paper for The 28th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries titled "Towards Multilingual LLM-based Approaches for Automatic Dewey Decimal Classification". The model is fine-tuned from the pretrained model "sentence-transformers/multi-qa-MiniLM-L6-cos-v1" (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/multi-qa-MiniLM-L6-cos-v1), trained on open access Linguistic texts with metadata, assigned a DDC class between 400 and 499. This version is trained on the "description" metadata. The model is trained with the trainer on Huggingface. It can be run locally as other huggingface models.

The diversity of sport participants in the Netherlands is beginning to reflect the diversity within the general population. Sport as a whole is becoming more accessible, and participation in sport of different social groups takes place within both mainstream and “separate” sports clubs and in differently organized sports groups. In our paper we critically analyze the broader social integrative functions ascribed to sport by policy makers. We attempt to show that the ongoing democratization of sport participation is not always positively correlated, let alone causally related, to a broader social integrated society. We argue that social integration in itself is a multidimensional process and distinguish three dimensions of integration (structural, social-cultural, and social-affective), which can all occur in and through the practice of sport. Furthermore we argue that the integrative meanings of sport depend on which social groups and which of the dimensions of integration are examined. The complementary and contradictory aspects of the dimensions of social integration with regard to four different social minority groups (ethnic minorities, the elderly, the physically challenged, gays and lesbians) are examined.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the incidence, presentation, treatment and outcome of colon cancer in a complete cohort of patients treated at a single institution over a 25-year period. METHOD: All 869 patients at Levanger Hospital, Norway with colon cancer during 1980-2004 were included in the study. RESULTS: The incidence of colon cancer increased by 2.1% per year. During the later years, patients presented with less advanced stages, and fewer patients had emergency presentation with obstruction. The rate of operations performed by a colorectal specialist attending increased from 56 to 98%. Postoperative mortality after resection with curative intent decreased from 6.3 to 3.2%, and the presence of a colorectal specialist during the operation was an independent factor that reduced the risk of postoperative death. The local recurrence rate after curative surgery was 10.9% (19 of 174) in 1980-1989, 5.9% (14 of 239) in 1990-1999 and 0.6% (1 of 154) in 2000-2004 (P < 0.001). The 5-year relative survival after resection with curative intent was 71, 81 and 85% in the three periods 1980-1989, 1990-1999 and 2000-2004, respectively. CONCLUSION: The outcome of colon cancer improved from 1980 to 2004. Patients presented at earlier stages, and fewer had emergency presentation. The local recurrence and postoperative mortality rates were reduced, and relative survival improved.

Inclusionary and exclusionary mechanisms that influence sport participation and positions of leadership in sport form a complex constellation of interacting factors and dimensions. Who can, who is allowed, and who is willing to participate in sport is influenced by institutional selection mechanisms as much as by individual options and choices. Socialization, money and time, accessibility of sporting facilities, normative and discriminating structures and cultures, and sporting abilities and talent are interacting in/exclusionary factors that influence sport participation options among people with different social-status positions (e.g., age, gender, and ethnicity). Changes in the facilitation and organization of sport can enhance a more inclusive sport practice, which might also foster social inclusion in broader society. The focus of this article is on changing and reproducing patterns of social inclusionary and exclusionary mechanisms in (post)modern sport in Western countries like the Netherlands. We present and analyze the current status and development in central theories, governmental policies, and empirical data.

several alien species of the eurasian genus Cotoneaster are naturalising in central europe, apparently increasingly so, and some on a massive scale. They presumably originate from large-scale cultivation for ground cover, hedges or as ornamental shrubs. The present paper keys and synopses the Cotoneaster species indigenous to, naturalising or commonly cultivated in central europe, on the basis of, relatively limited, both living (wild, adventive and cultivated) and herbarium material. an attempt is made to understand the nature of variation from the genus' centre of diversification, the mountains of china and the himalayas, which are likewise the origin of most cultivated and naturalising Cotoneaster species. Taxonomic and nomenclatural problems, putatively relating to the presence of apomixis and hybridization in the genus, are discussed. Many of the more than 500 published binomials, including a substantial proportion of those based on cultivated material, seem to be poorly defined, both morphologically and chorologically. of an estimated total of only 50-70 Cotoneaster species worldwide, about 20, mainly chinese species have been found escaping from cultivation in central europe. presently, about ten species must be considered fully naturalised and, locally at least, invasive.

Abstract This article explores the language of the sentiments of anger and love in biblical Hebrew, English and Japanese, where sentiments are defined as emotions that are culturally defined and organized. Its leading questions are: To what extent do people in different societies experience the same and different emotions because of their cultural backgrounds? And what does language reveal about emotional thought and its cultural construction in the Hebrew Bible? It is argued that anger in biblical texts is related to the mouth, nose or face and expresses an uncontrollable fury in someone's head that leads prototypically to retributive actions. It is also argued that the love between a man and a woman in the Hebrew Bible is conceptualized as love of a man for a woman. The semantic values of both sentiments seem to materialize in a hierarchical framework of thinking. Emotions may break in into generally accepted hierarchical structures: anger may get hold of someone and love can defy determined positions. Nonetheless, cultural conventions are developed and used to defend the hierarchical order as a natural order. This explains why women are never said to be angry in the Hebrew Bible, and why it is only rarely expressed that a woman loves a man.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer has emerged as a global public health problem and is the most common cause of cancer deaths by absolute cases globally. Besides tobacco, smoke infectious diseases such as human papillomavirus (HPV) might be involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. However, data are inconsistent due to differences in study design and HPV detection methods. AIM: A systematic meta-analysis was performed to examine the presence of HPV-infection with lung cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS: All studies in all languages were considered for the search concepts "lung cancer" and "HPV" if data specific to HPV prevalence in lung cancer tissue were given. This included Journal articles as well as abstracts and conference reports. As detection method, only HPV PCR results from fresh frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue were included. Five bibliographic databases and three registers of clinical trials including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through February 2020. A total 4298 publications were identified, and 78 publications were selected, resulting in 9385 included lung cancer patients. A meta-analysis of 15 case-control studies with n = 2504 patients showed a weighted overall prevalence difference of 22% (95% CI: 12%-33%; P < .001) and a weighted overall 4.7-fold (95% CI: 2.7-8.4; P < .001) increase of HPV prevalence in lung cancer patients compared to controls. Overall, HPV prevalence amounted to 13.5% being highest in Asia (16.6%), followed by America (12.8%), and Europe (7.0%). A higher HPV prevalence was found in squamous cell carcinoma (17.9%) compared to adenocarcinoma (P < .01) with significant differences in geographic patterns. HPV genotypes 16 and 18 were the most prevalent high-risk genotypes identified. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our review provides convincing evidence that HPV infection increases the risk of developing lung cancer.

This study highlights the importance of communities in explaining organizational resistance to institutional pressures. Examining the active resistance of small bars to smoking regulations in 427 Dutch municipalities (communities), we argue that the likelihood of organizational resistance to institutional pressure from a powerful actor is affected by the social cohesion of the focal community. In addition, we propose a contiguity effect that emphasizes the broader social context of the community—its neighboring communities—as a source for support or information about appropriate ways to resist such pressures. By incorporating community attributes to account for organizations’ heterogeneous responses to institutional pressure, the study advances current institutional scholarship and demonstrates empirically how such a theory can help explain the success of relatively weak organizational actors’ resistance in the face of strong institutional pressures by the state—that is, as a result of their embeddedness in a community.

A multinomial logit model is a useful approach in the study of the allocation of a fixed resource between alternative uses. Here a geometric mean form of the system is presented and a number of theoretical and empirical issues are explored. In particular, its performance is compared with the use of double logarithmic equations estimated separately. As an illustration of the methodology, an allocation model of UK cereals area is specified and estimated in both static and dynamic forms.

Der Islam in Deutschland unterliegt einer diskursiven Dynamik, die muslimisches Leben immer wieder als problematischen Gegenspieler westlicher Kultur und Zivilisation entwirft. Die Politik ist davon nicht ausgenommen: Bedrohungsszenarien, Kulturängste und Ausgrenzungen sind sowohl in Parteien als auch bei Bundestagsabgeordneten zu finden. Imad Mustafa spürt anhand von Parteiprogrammen und Debatten auf Bundes- und Landesebene seit 2015 der Konstruktion dichotomer Differenzordnungen nach. Damit stellt er nicht nur die dominierenden Deutungsmuster im Parteiensystem hinsichtlich Islam und Muslim*innen heraus, sondern zeigt auch Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den Parteien auf.

Die linguistische Kulturanalyse ist eine relativ junge Ausprägung sprachwissenschaftlicher Forschung, die sich derzeit zunehmend etabliert. Sie geht von der Annahme aus, dass sich Sprachliches und Kulturelles gegenseitig hervorbringen, und untersucht dieses Verhältnis theoretisch und empirisch. Der Band Linguistische Kulturanalyse versammelt 17 Beiträge, die sich einerseits mit grundlegenden kulturanalytischen Konzepten und Annahmen auseinandersetzen und andererseits das Potenzial der linguistischen Kulturanalyse an lexikalischen, morphosyntaktischen, praktikenbezogenen, textuellen und diskursiven Beispielen des Sprachgebrauchs veranschaulichen. Damit stellt der Band den State of the Art der linguistischen Kulturanalyse dar und entwirft zugleich deren Zukunftsperspektiven.

Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser, die Zeitschrift Bibliometrie – Praxis und Forschung ist die erste deutschsprachige Zeitschrift, die sich ganz dem Thema Bibliometrie widmet. Wir als Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg haben es uns zur Aufgabe gemacht mit dieser neuen Zeitschrift Praktiker wie Theoretiker auf unserer Plattform zu versammeln. Längst ist die Bibliometrie in allen ihren Erscheinungsformen über den engen Kreis klassischer Bibliometriker, Statistiker und Mathematiker hinaus gewachsen. Sie findet Anwendung nicht nur in den verschiedenen Disziplinen der Wissenschaft und Forschung, sondern auch im Wissenschaftsmanagement, der Wissenschaftspolitik, in den Verwaltungen der Hochschulen und Universitäten, aber auch im Bestandsmanagement von Bibliotheken. „Bibliometrie – Praxis und Forschung“ bietet als neue Open Access Zeitschrift, die ausschließlich elektronisch erscheint und von der Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg technisch betreut wird, einen geeigneten Rahmen für Beiträge aus allen Bereichen der Bibliometrie. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt in der Anwendung von Bibliometrie, in best practise Beispielen, in der Methodenentwicklung, in der Darstellung von Erfolgsfaktoren bei der Umsetzung aber auch in der Indikatorenentwicklung in den bislang bibliometrisch noch wenig erschlossenen Geisteswissenschaften, sowie der Optimierung und Weiterentwicklung von bestehenden Indikatoren vor dem Hintergrund neuer Technologie und verändertem Publikationsverhalten. Mit der Konferenz „Bibliometrie2012“ an der Universität Regenburg haben wir auf Anhieb breite Zustimmung für unsere Idee gefunden. Die weit über 100 Teilnehmer kamen aus den verschiedensten Bereichen, aus den Kernfeldern der Bibliometrie ebenso wie aus Bibliotheken und Universitätsverwaltungen, klassische Controller haben sich über Bibliometrie genauso informiert wie Soziologen, Bibliothekare und Wissenschaftspolitiker. Den auf dieser Tagung stattgefundenen Informationsaustausch möchten wir mit dieser Zeitschrift fortsetzen. Die ersten Artikel werden die Tagungsbeiträge von „Bibliometrie2012“ sein. Die Zeitschrift steht aber schon jetzt für alle weiteren Artikel offen. Die Qualitätssicherung unserer Zeitschrift „Bibliometrie – Praxis und Forschung“ erfolgt sowohl über das editorial board, das sich aus Experten verschiedener bibliometrischer Sparten zusammensetzt, als auch durch ein Peer-Review-Verfahren je nach Rubrik der Zeitschrift. Als Herausgeber von „Bibliometrie – Praxis und Forschung“, laden wir Sie herzlich ein, in unserer Zeitschrift zu publizieren. Wir freuen uns auf eine intensive, angenehme und konstruktive Zusammenarbeit mit Ihnen als Autorinnen und Autoren in unserer Zeitschrift. Die Herausgeber Rafael Ball und Gernot Deinzer

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults is a consequence of lung damage caused by either pulmonary or extrapulmonary disease. Survivors often suffer from an impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mental and physical impairments, and persistent inability to work. METHODS: In this systematic review of the literature, we consider the determinants of HRQoL and return to work (RtW). 24 observational studies showing a statistical association between one or more determinants and HRQoL or RtW were included. Because of the heterogeneity of these studies, no statistical aggregation of the individual effect estimates was carried out; instead, the results are summarized descriptively. RESULTS: Psychopathological manifestations, in particular, are associated with impaired quality of life. In contrast, many care- and disease-related determinants had only small, non-significant effects on HRQoL and RtW. The onesecond capacity was found in all studies to be positively associated with the HRQoL. ARDS induced by sepsis seems to be a risk factor for a lower HRQoL in comparison to ARDS of other causes. A synthesis of the evidence is impeded both by the high level of heterogeneity of studies and by the high risk of selection bias in all studies. CONCLUSION: The identification of determinants of impaired quality of life after ARDS is essential for the assessment of clinically relevant interventions. In multiple studies, major significant effects were only observed when determinants the content of which was closely related to the scales of the HRQoL instruments were measured at the same time as the HRQoL.

162 insomnia patients participated in this programme between 2009 and 2012 in groups of 7-8 persons.Its evaluation was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Regensburg, and all patients signed the informed consent forms.Before treatment, the patients were interviewed and examined by a sleep expert regarding the following inclusion criteria: (1) diagnostic criteria of primary insomnia for at least 1 year according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders 2 [7] ; (2) evidence of conditioned sleep difficulty and/or heightened arousal in bed, and (3) previous participation in an outpatient CBT-I without success or inability to participate in standard outpatient CBT-I because of disease severity or inability to reduce hypnotics.Exclusion criteria were: (1) untreated organic sleep disorder; (2) severe psychiatric disorders, and (3) inability to participate in a group therapy for any reason.Thirty-one participating patients had to be excluded from the analysis for the following reasons: 4 patients quit the therapy, in 5 patients available data were incomplete and in 22 patients the presence of exclusion criteria (14 with sleep apnoea syndrome, 8 with severe psychiatric disorder) became only apparent during treatment.The remaining 131 patients [mean age 53.6 ± 12.2 years; 110 women; mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 14.1 ± 3.1] were included in the analysis.The objective measurement of sleep was performed by PSG at the beginning and end of treatment.Subjective insomnia symptoms were quantified at baseline and 6 months after treatment using the PSQI and the Regensburg Insomnia Scale (RIS [8] : a 10-item questionnaire which measures psychological aspects of insomnia over a period of 4 weeks; total range 0-40 points; cut-off for insomnia 12 points) and analysed using paired t tests.Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory.Both PSG data and clinical ratings were compared with paired t tests.Acceptance of the programme by patients was good; only 4 persons quit the therapy prematurely.All 78 patients on a sedativehypnotic regimen before treatment stopped their medication during the therapy.After treatment, time in bed (436.5 ± 35.8 vs. 381.8± 44.6 min; t = 11.786;p < 0.0005), sleep latency (15.8 ± 18.4 vs. 8.1 ± 10.7 min; t = 11.786;p < 0.0005) and wake time after sleep onset (72.9 ± 48.3 vs. 49.8 ± 37.5 min) significantly decreased whereas sleep efficiency (77.2 ± 48.3 vs. 82.3± 13.0%; t = -4.002;p < 0.0005) increased.Total sleep time was shortened (337.9 ± 60.0 vs. 322.3± 81.8 min; t = 2.025; p = 0.045).Clinical ratings at 6 months were available for 97 patients with a significant improvement in the PSQI, the RIS (24.5 ± 5.4 vs. 19.0 ± 6.8; t = 11.281;p < 0.0005) and the Beck Depression Inventory.The improvement was most pronounced in RIS items 'sleep related thinking' and 'hypnotic intake'.However, in spite of the significant improvements, the mean level of insomnia was still moderate to severe.There was no control group, but repeated baseline assessments of insomnia symptoms were performed with an interval of 4-5 months (RIS 0: 24.7 ± 5.7,

Abstract Recent research has identified skewness and downside risk as one of the most important features of risk. We present a new distribution which makes modeling skewed risks no more difficult than normally distributed (symmetric) risks. Our distribution is a combination of the “downside” and “upside” half of two normal distributions, and its parameters can be calculated in closed form to match a given mean, variance, and skewness. Value at risk, expected shortfall, portfolio weights, and risk premia have simple expressions for our distribution and show economically meaningful deviations from the normal case already for very modest levels of skewness. An empirical application suggests that our distribution fits the data well.

The Two-Component System (TCS) AbrA1/A2 from Streptomyces coelicolor M145 is a negative regulator of antibiotic production and morphological differentiation. In this work we show that it is able to auto-regulate its expression, exerting a positive induction of its own operon promoter, and that its activation is dependent on the presence of iron. The overexpression of the abrA2 response regulator (RR) gene in the mutant ΔabrA1/A2 results in a toxic phenotype. The reason is an excess of phosphorylated AbrA2, as shown by phosphoablative and phosphomimetic AbrA2 mutants. Therefore, non-cognate histidine kinases (HKs) or small phospho-donors may be responsible for AbrA2 phosphorylation in vivo. The results suggest that in the parent strain S. coelicolor M145 the correct amount of phosphorylated AbrA2 is adjusted through the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation activity rate of the HK AbrA1. Furthermore, the ABC transporter system, which is part of the four-gene operon comprising AbrA1/A2, is necessary to de-repress antibiotic production in the TCS null mutant. Finally, in order to test the possible biotechnological applications of the ΔabrA1/A2 strain, we demonstrate that the production of the antitumoral antibiotic oviedomycin is duplicated in this strain as compared with the production obtained in the wild type, showing that this strain is a good host for heterologous antibiotic production. Thus, this genetically modified strain could be interesting for the biotechnology industry.