Transitions Energétiques et Environnementales

Business schools play a major role in influencing students’ entrepreneurial intentions and behaviors. Although research linking entrepreneurship education with intentions is abundant, few studies have focused on the learning environment through the lens of diversity. This paper adopts the well-established theory of planned behavior (TPB) model to explore the impact of students’ perception of diverse learning environment on their intentions toward entrepreneurship. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected from 407 students in an international business school in France. The results show that students’ favorable perception of the respect their business schools show diversity positively influences the formation of their entrepreneurial intentions through the mediating effect of personal attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This study contributes to existing knowledge about learning environments and their impact on students’ entrepreneurial intentions. It enriches research based on the TPB model through integrating an unprecedented construct: the diverse learning environment. In practice, it informs academic practitioners and institutions about the need to capitalize on diversity to develop students’ entrepreneurial intentions and drive entrepreneurship.

This article acts as an editorial to a Special Issue that addresses energy policy failure which advances a range of solutions. These contributions and how energy justice specifically can address the issues are highlighted. Energy justice as a concept and with its five key principles of justice (distributive, procedural, restorative, recognition, and cosmopolitan) can contribute to transformative change which the articles demonstrate is already visible in some countries. This is highlighted here in this article with further examples in the case of the United States, Colombia, and South Africa. Further, given the scientific reports from the United Nations and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change there is now an urgency about reform. Societies need to meet their energy and climate goals for 2030 and 2050. Infusing energy justice throughout the energy sector will deliver this together with a safer, fairer, equitable, and more inclusive world. This aspiration should be the same across the world as the continued failure of energy policies is a global challenge where we are all ‘world citizens’ in the battle for a just transition to a low-carbon econmy.

International audience

Society faces many challenges in promoting a just transition to a low-carbon economy, a transition that does not create or exacerbate injustices. Notably, the just transition can only be attained with new educational approaches which revolve around social, climate and environmental justice. This paper advances that for a just transition, the shift to a greener economy cannot be driven by the traditional neoliberal engine, which has captured educational practices. Rather, the necessary educational transformation needs the principles of critical pedagogy and the dimensions of justice provided by the JUST Framework. We bring these two important schools together and draw on the experience of the global periphery and Latin America in particular, to develop a unique theoretical framework that contributes to the literature on education for sustainable development. Therefore, this conceptual research provides a theoretical framework that should guide education for a just transition. This paper establishes what is referred to as CCR Education Framework which involves: Critical thinking about climate, environmental and social costs of fossil fuels; Coexistence with nature and the other; and Resistance against neoliberalism and other forces that jeopardise the just transition. The CCR Education Framework is a response to the question of what education needs to include to achieve a just transition. The paper also opens the discussion about the implications of the Framework in terms of teacher training and education and appropriate pedagogical approaches. The key theoretical advancements here is that education for the just transition must affirm the importance of teachers and students as agents of transformation, and promote critical educational practices and approaches which support the transition to a low-carbon economy, and which value the characteristics of justice (which include equity, equality, fairness, and inclusiveness) to build a curriculum that advocates sustainable growth and a societal just transition.

The prominent growth in environmental, social and governance (ESG) investment is evident, with the number of global assets managed sustainably more than doubled over the last decade. This trend is expected to continue until 2030. This type of financial data is positive but given the United Nations stated 'climate emergency' and 'climate survival' in society today, there needs to be an even greater acceleration of growth in ESG investment. Unfortunately, significant negativity has emerged on ESG in recent years. This 'Cutting Edge' study explores the reasons why and how ESG investment has veered off the journey towards enabling society to achieve both its targets under the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Energy Agenda and the 2015 Paris Agreement. It examines the factors prompting leading multinational companies, particularly in the energy and food sectors, to shift their corporate strategies. The key message advanced is that ESG frameworks and guidelines are not problematic; rather, the issue lies in the practice of ethics in decision-making within corporations. Addressing this ethical challenge, which is at the heart of ESG practices, across different professions and disciplines can rebuild trust among stakeholders in ESG investing. This form of interdisciplinary ‘just transition ethics' can re-orient us back on the journey towards a just and sustainable world.

The purpose of this review is to explore how clinical metabolomics could help physicians in the future. The recent advent of medical genomics brings new and interesting technological tools to measure genetic predispositions to a disease. But metabolomics will allow us to go even further by linking the patient’s pathological phenotype with gene expression defects and metabolic disorders. It is in this context that the clinical chemist must adapt and be a force of proposal to meet these health challenges. He must help the clinician by mastering these new innovative tools, in order to participate in the implementation of clinical studies for the discovery of biomarkers, but also to propose the assays of biomarkers called “signatures,” which can be composite biomarkers or fingerprints, which will ultimately guide the clinician. He will have to propose them as clinical chemistry tests. In the first part, we will look at some concrete examples of the use of clinical metabolomics in clinical research projects that have led to the identification of a new biomarker. We will use the example of trimethylamine N-oxide (or TMAO) and review the clinical studies that have proposed TMAO as a biomarker for cardiovascular diseases. In a second part, we will see through bibliographic studies, how the metabolomic fingerprint can be useful to build a supervised model for patient stratification. In conclusion, we will discuss the limitations currently under debate.

International audience

L’acceptabilité sociale, notamment des techniques de géo-ingénierie (et plus particulièrement d’ingénierie du sous-sol), est réputée poser problème et limiter le déploiement de ces technologies. En se fondant sur le cas de la capture et du stockage géologique de CO 2 (CSC) en Europe, l’article met en évidence, au travers d’une comparaison de tentatives de déploiement et d’une analyse de presse, le fait que même si la faible acceptabilité du CSC est un des facteurs qui limite son déploiement, celle-ci semble avoir un rôle moindre dans ses difficultés au regard des fragilités de son portage politique et son modèle économique, voire la maturité de cet assemblage technologique. Le CSC est donc moins confronté à un rejet massif qu’il ne souffre d’un manque de portage industriel et politique. En fait, c’est surtout l’absence d’un véritable débat autour de cet assemblage de technologies que révèle l’analyse des débats autour de l’acceptabilité sociale de cette manière de lutter contre le changement climatique.

Purpose This study examines the impact of cultural dimensions on entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) and the mediating role of planned behavior (TPB) determinants between change tolerance (CT), group focus (GF), and EIs for both men and women in the context of international business schools. Design/methodology/approach Using a quantitative research design, data were collected in France through anonymous questionnaires. The data consisted of responses from 480 business students. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and the bootstrap method with PROCESS macro were used to determine the significance of the mediation effects. Findings Results reveal the strong impact of CT on the EIs of both men and women through TPB antecedents. They also indicate that GF has an indirect effect on EIs through TPB antecedents for men and an indirect multiple mediation effect on EIs through CT and TPB antecedents for both men and women. Originality/value The extended TPB model is original in that it supports both the determinants of planned behavior and cultural dimensions and provides a valuable perspective through its findings on cultural and gender diversity in entrepreneurship.

Le recours à l’échelle locale pour mettre en œuvre des politiques climatiques se retrouve, en France, au travers des plans climat-air-énergie territoriaux (PCAET). Nous avons d’abord cherché à identifier, dans la bibliographie, ce qui est attendu de cet échelon scalaire et les grands leviers sur lesquels les collectivités peuvent agir. Puis, nous avons comparé ces possibles aux objectifs des PCAET de trois villes moyennes françaises dont les plans sont considérés comme particulièrement réussis, et mis en évidence que s’ils prennent en charge une diminution des consommations d’énergie et des actions de mobilisation des acteurs locaux, ils ne se saisissent que d’un seul des trois autres leviers à leur disposition (la production d’énergie, les infrastructures et la planification urbaine). Pour réussir leur mise en œuvre, ils cherchent à favoriser la transversalité dans leurs actions et à provoquer une dynamique par le recours à des labels.

This report provides both an economic and legal assessment of the implications of the European Union’s (EU) Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) on African countries. The CBAM is scheduled to be phased in from 2026 to 2034 and initially cover imports of iron and steel, cement, aluminium, fertiliser, hydrogen and electricity.

La relance minière en France et en Europe à l’épreuve des critiques. Un article de la revue Revue Gouvernance / Governance Review (La gouvernance du renouveau minier européen face aux contestations) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.

Young ecologists find themselves torn between the desire to expose their commitment on social networks and the risks inherent in this exposure. Based on a qualitative methodology, we analyzed the visibility strategies developed by these young people to avoid confrontation with their peers, marginalization in certain groups or to protect their professional future. This involves, for example, removing the digital traces of one’s commitment or concealing one’s personal identity by using collectives accounts. In this context, one of the obstacles to the development of the ecological movement is not only a lack of commitment to the cause, nor even a lack of awareness of environmental issues but also the lack of ontological security needed for the commitment to be displayed.

From 62 semi-structured interviews carried out with young people ages 14–25 who are engaged in the defense of the environment, we explored in this article how the circulation of scientific knowledge on the social media plays a role in engaging young people in defense of the environment to identify how internet can help to support them. As a result, despite respect for science and scientists, young people’s processing of scientific knowledge does not always seem to respect the standards of objectification advocated by the scientific approach. This can be problematic because they can appear to be contradictory for their detractors. Helping them to be more efficient in their active role for promoting environmental issues means to support them for a more scientific and reflexive use of social media. Thus, the many debates around environmental education can be enriched by an increasingly precise analysis of the expression of the commitment of young ecologists on the Internet.

This open access book substantially focuses on the energy sector and makes a significant contribution to its continued evolution

The environmental and multi-sectoral challenges faced by small islands requires consideration of sustainability issues. The sustainability challenges in these regions involve in particular the achievement of a greater autonomy through the development of local resources. This is a complex system that encompasses interconnections between the resources available and the land use. In this article we focus on the study of the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus, and propose an integrated and systemic approach to do so. Our contribution consists in studying food system sustainability of small islands by exploring the reciprocal influences between the valorization of local WEF resources and land use competition for various integrated WEF scenarios. Additionally, we integrate dietary behaviors and demonstrate their close interlinking with land use practices, and thus their impact on the potential for transitioning towards a more sustainable food system. To achieve this, we present a generic combined Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and robust optimization model. This model is then applied to Reunion island using collected real data. Our approach aims to assist local policymakers, at the island scale, by constructing insightful scenarios to facilitate informed decision-making. Our results highlight the need to save land space when developing local resources through effective land use management policies combined with a shift in food practices. This shift would imply in particular, to convert some of the sugarcane areas into subsistence farming. Furthermore, the results emphasize the importance of transitioning consumption practices under various integrated WEF scenarios, showcasing our model as an insightful decision-support tool.

Abstract This study examines the effect of non‐farm labour participation on poverty reduction in rural Mauritania. Farm households with more land and livestock participate to a greater extent in non‐farm activities compared with households with smaller land or cattle. We study poverty's relationship with non‐farm labour activities in terms of the incidence as well as the intensity and severity of poverty. The study is the first to highlight the contribution of the non‐agricultural sector in the reduction of poverty in the rural areas of Mauritania. We apply probit, propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting techniques to determine the signs and impacts of participation on poverty reduction. The results show that the probability of being poor is 5.9% lower among households that have at least one member participating in non‐farm activities compared with those only associated with the agriculture sector. Participation in non‐farm activities is associated with lower intensity and severity of poverty (3.6% and 1.9%, respectively). We find that surplus labour released by the agriculture sector is absorbed in the non‐farm economy. Income generation through diversification into non‐farm activities therefore seems to be an effective way to reduce poverty in rural areas.

Après la seconde Guerre mondiale, la modernisation des techniques de sylviculture banalise la coupe rase transformant profondément les paysages ruraux. Dans les années 1960, de nouveaux mouvements sociaux contestent cette orientation et souhaitent une meilleure prise en compte de l’environnement. Si l’intégration paysagère des coupes rases permet d’apaiser les conflits dans les années 1990, cette solution ne répond que partiellement à une demande d’écologisation des pratiques sylvicoles. L’augmentation de la récolte de bois dans les années 2010 pose à nouveau la question de la place de la coupe rase dans les itinéraires sylvicoles. Acte technique, elle devient aussi un marqueur politique. Messages clés :• Avec le FFN, la technique de la coupe rase se mécanise se banalise et se dépolitise.• Dans les années 1960, l’impact écologique de cette pratique est à nouveau interrogé par les associations naturalistes.• Au cours des années 1990, elle devient le symbole d’une repolitisation et d’une écologisation des enjeux forestiers.

This study evaluates the socioeconomic risk that extreme El Niño event-related road damages present to Peru by combining an environmental modelling of events’ occurrences in the country with a quantitative modelling of their effects on its economy. The dynamic of occurrence of events is modelled as a stochastic process with a vector autoregressive representation based on historical climatic data, and simulated over a 10-year period with a non-parametric bootstrap procedure. The indirect consequences of events’ related road damages are addressed with a multiregional dynamic computable general equilibrium model through an increase in interregional transportation costs and, more originally, a negative externality effect on activities’ output, which is estimated beforehand using a firm database. We find that extreme El Niño events constitute a significant one-off disaster risk for the country, threatening shifts of − 2.8% in GDP and + 1.9% in poverty rates with an annual probability p = 1.4%. We further show that they also present a longer-term risk, leading to average annual deviations from normal trend by − 0.8% in GDP and + 0.4% in poverty rate with a probability p = 12.6% over a 10-year period. However, we finally show that Peru might reduce these socioeconomic risks associated with these non-frequent but recurrent climatic shocks in constructing more disaster-resilient road infrastructure.

Cet article analyse la façon dont se structure, en ces temps de contestation de l’agriculture conventionnelle et de l’aménagement vertical, une façon particulière de gouverner la pénurie d’eau pour l’irrigation agricole dans le Marais poitevin. De l’analyse de l’élaboration de dispositifs de gestion à l’aménagement de réserves de substitution, il s’agit de comprendre comment l’action publique, hésitant entre gestion de la pénurie d’eau par diminution de son prélèvement et maintien d’une représentation de l’abondance saisonnière par le recours aux réserves, se transforme et s’adapte – avec plus ou moins de succès, aux contestations contemporaines. Dans un premier temps nous verrons la façon dont est cadrée la gestion de l’eau par l’élaboration de dispositifs. Puis, dans un second temps, nous analyserons les trajectoires de deux projets d’aménagement de réserves de substitution et leurs facteurs de différenciation en matière de conflictualité.