Udayana University

Several reviews have been made regarding the methods and application of multi-objective optimization (MOO). There are two methods of MOO that do not require complicated mathematical equations, so the problem becomes simple. These two methods are the Pareto and scalarization. In the Pareto method, there is a dominated solution and a non-dominated solution obtained by a continuously updated algorithm. Meanwhile, the scalarization method creates multi-objective functions made into a single solution using weights. There are three types of weights in scalarization which are equal weights, rank order centroid weights, and rank-sum weights. Next, the solution using the Pareto method is a performance indicators component that forms MOO a separate and produces a compromise solution and can be displayed in the form of Pareto optimal front, while the solution using the scalarization method is a performance indicators component that forms a scalar function which is incorporated in the fitness function.

Acidobacteria represents an underrepresented soil bacterial phylum whose members are pervasive and copiously distributed across nearly all ecosystems. Acidobacterial sequences are abundant in soils and represent a significant fraction of soil microbial community. Being recalcitrant and difficult-to-cultivate under laboratory conditions, holistic, polyphasic approaches are required to study these refractive bacteria extensively. Acidobacteria possesses an inventory of genes involved in diverse metabolic pathways, as evidenced by their pan-genomic profiles. Because of their preponderance and ubiquity in the soil, speculations have been made regarding their dynamic roles in vital ecological processes viz., regulation of biogeochemical cycles, decomposition of biopolymers, exopolysaccharide secretion, and plant growth promotion. These bacteria are expected to have genes that might help in survival and competitive colonization in the rhizosphere, leading to the establishment of beneficial relationships with plants. Exploration of these genetic attributes and more in-depth insights into the belowground mechanics and dynamics would lead to a better understanding of the functions and ecological significance of this enigmatic phylum in the soil-plant environment. This review is an effort to provide a recent update into the diversity of genes in Acidobacteria useful for characterization, understanding ecological roles, and future biotechnological perspectives.

A pandemic that is so sudden and travels so quickly and surely in all parts of the world has an impact on an emergency. A fast, precise, effective, and efficient handling of a pandemic is urgently needed. This literature review aims to present the latest treatments for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic based on the results of related studies from 2019-2020. Using 8 databases (Pubmed.gov, Medscape.com, Sciencedrect.com, Google Scholar, Nejm.org, ResearchGate, Garuda Portal, and Thelancet.com) data were searched between 2004 and 2020 in the form of research journals, articles, literature reviews, and handbooks discussing Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Keywords: Coronavirus, Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19 to search electronic databases. Journals, articles, literature reviews, and handbooks that are found in accordance with the keywords are then screened and viewed as abstract/full text. Management in the form of basic protection, carrying out surveillance and isolation activities, using personal protective equipment, especially for medical personnel, increasing self-immunity, and controlling comorbid diseases must be carried out to prevent further spread because currently, several antiviral drugs and vaccines are being tested for their effectiveness.

BACKGROUND: After a mobile health (mHealth) app is created, an important step is to evaluate the usability of the app before it is released to the public. There are multiple ways of conducting a usability study, one of which is collecting target users' feedback with a usability questionnaire. Different groups have used different questionnaires for mHealth app usability evaluation: The commonly used questionnaires are the System Usability Scale (SUS) and Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ). However, the SUS and PSSUQ were not designed to evaluate the usability of mHealth apps. Self-written questionnaires are also commonly used for evaluation of mHealth app usability but they have not been validated. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this project was to develop and validate a new mHealth app usability questionnaire. METHODS: An mHealth app usability questionnaire (MAUQ) was designed by the research team based on a number of existing questionnaires used in previous mobile app usability studies, especially the well-validated questionnaires. MAUQ, SUS, and PSSUQ were then used to evaluate the usability of two mHealth apps: an interactive mHealth app and a standalone mHealth app. The reliability and validity of the new questionnaire were evaluated. The correlation coefficients among MAUQ, SUS, and PSSUQ were calculated. RESULTS: In this study, 128 study participants provided responses to the questionnaire statements. Psychometric analysis indicated that the MAUQ has three subscales and their internal consistency reliability is high. The relevant subscales correlated well with the subscales of the PSSUQ. The overall scale also strongly correlated with the PSSUQ and SUS. Four versions of the MAUQ were created in relation to the type of app (interactive or standalone) and target user of the app (patient or provider). A website has been created to make it convenient for mHealth app developers to use this new questionnaire in order to assess the usability of their mHealth apps. CONCLUSIONS: The newly created mHealth app usability questionnaire-MAUQ-has the reliability and validity required to assess mHealth app usability.

Purpose This study aimed to examine and explain the role of knowledge sharing in shaping innovation culture to improve business performance and build sustainable competitive advantage. Most empirical research tended to be conducted in large companies, and there are limited studies on this topic in the SME sector. Thus, the study needs to re-examine whether the theories developed to understand large companies apply to SMEs. Design/methodology/approach This quantitative study involved 259 respondents from a 59 sampling frame consisting of three levels of management of export SMEs in the Bali province of Indonesia. The questionnaire used to gather the data used a semantic differential scale, and the data were analyzed using SmartPLS software. Findings The results showed that knowledge sharing significantly influenced innovation culture, business performance and sustainable competitive advantage. Theoretically, this research provides insight into the body of knowledge in innovation culture and business performance as a mediator variable. Research limitations/implications Cross-sectional design limits the authors from drawing definitive generalizations, and self-reported measures used in the study increase the chances of bias. Practical implications The study's findings could motivate managers and practitioners to place emphasis on knowledge sharing and innovation culture in the SME sector. Originality/value The role of knowledge sharing has been focused on large companies in several countries. However, research examining the role of knowledge sharing in building an innovation culture is still rare in the SME sector, particularly in Indonesian SMEs. Therefore, research on this topic is needed because Indonesia has not only a different culture but also different business practices.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs.

Remotely sensed imagery is a type of data that is compatible with the monitoring and mapping of changes in built-up and bare land within urban areas as the impacts of population growth and urbanisation increase. The application of currently available remote sensing indices, however, has some limitations with respect to distinguishing built-up and bare land in urban areas. In this study, a new index for transforming remote sensing data for mapping built-up and bare land areas is proposed. The Enhanced Built-Up and Bareness Index (EBBI) is able to map built-up and bare land areas using a single calculation. The EBBI is the first built-up and bare land index that applies near infrared (NIR), short wave infrared (SWIR), and thermal infrared (TIR) channels simultaneously. This new index was applied to distinguish built-up and bare land areas in Denpasar (Bali, Indonesia) and had a high accuracy level when compared to existing indices. The EBBI was more effective at discriminating built-up and bare land areas and at increasing the accuracy of the built-up density percentage than five other indices.

The development of rural tourism requires the participation of local communities in the entire developmentphases starting from the planning, implementation, and supervision. However, in reality, public participationis often completely overlooked. This study aims to examine the involvement of local communities in thedevelopment of rural tourism and formulate the model of tourism development which uphols the participationof local community. The study is conducted in rural tourism Jatiluwih, Tabanan Regency, Bali. The process ofcollecting data through the studi literature, in-depth interviews and non-participant observation. The analyticalmethod used is descriptive analysis. The result of the research indicates that the development of rural tourismin Jatiluwih still does not yet involve the local community. The role of government seems dominant, but whenreferring to the clean and sustainable governance approach, the role of the government is expected to becomea facilitator by providing bigger opportunity to take part as well as the bene􀃀ts from the development to thelocal community. It is required the political will of the government to reduce the dominant role in developingrural tourism, through opening wider space for the community to participate.

This research studied the impact of financial statement indicator to tax avoidance. ROA, leverage, corporate governance, company’s size, and fiscal lost compensation were used as an independent variable which were  assumed have an impact to tax avoidance (dependent variable) proxied by Cash Effective Tax Rates (CETR). This research used purposive sampling criteria and double linear regression analysis test. The result was ROA, leverage; corporate governance, company’s size, and fiscal lost compensation had a simultanous significant impact to tax avoidance in manufactur companies listed in BEI 2007- 2010 period. ROA, company’s size, and fiscal lost compensation influence tax avoidance partially and significantly. Leverage and Corporate Governance had no partial significant influence to tax avoidance. This result was consistent to previous research of Sari and Martani (2010)

Asia differs substantially among and within its regions populated by diverse ethnic groups, which maintain their own respective cultures and dietary habits. To address the diversity in their gut microbiota, we characterized the bacterial community in fecal samples obtained from 303 school-age children living in urban or rural regions in five countries spanning temperate and tropical areas of Asia. The microbiota profiled for the 303 subjects were classified into two enterotype-like clusters, each driven by Prevotella (P-type) or Bifidobacterium/Bacteroides (BB-type), respectively. Majority in China, Japan and Taiwan harbored BB-type, whereas those from Indonesia and Khon Kaen in Thailand mainly harbored P-type. The P-type microbiota was characterized by a more conserved bacterial community sharing a greater number of type-specific phylotypes. Predictive metagenomics suggests higher and lower activity of carbohydrate digestion and bile acid biosynthesis, respectively, in P-type subjects, reflecting their high intake of diets rich in resistant starch. Random-forest analysis classified their fecal species community as mirroring location of resident country, suggesting eco-geographical factors shaping gut microbiota. In particular, children living in Japan harbored a less diversified microbiota with high abundance of Bifidobacterium and less number of potentially pathogenic bacteria, which may reflect their living environment and unique diet.

This review presents a comprehensive and systematic study of the field of bacterial plant biostimulants and considers the fundamental and innovative principles underlying this technology. Plant biostimulants are an important tool for modern agriculture as part of an integrated crop management (ICM) system, helping make agriculture more sustainable and resilient. Plant biostimulants contain substance(s) and/or microorganisms whose function when applied to plants or the rhizosphere is to stimulate natural processes to enhance plant nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, biocontrol, and crop quality. The use of plant biostimulants has gained substantial and significant heed worldwide as an environmentally friendly alternative to sustainable agricultural production. At present, there is an increasing curiosity in industry and researchers about microbial biostimulants, especially bacterial plant biostimulants (BPBs), to improve crop growth and productivity. The BPBs that are based on PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) play plausible roles to promote/stimulate crop plant growth through several mechanisms that include (i) nutrient acquisition by nitrogen (N2) fixation and solubilization of insoluble minerals (P, K, Zn), organic acids and siderophores; (ii) antimicrobial metabolites and various lytic enzymes; (iii) the action of growth regulators and stress-responsive/induced phytohormones; (iv) ameliorating abiotic stress such as drought, high soil salinity, extreme temperatures, oxidative stress, and heavy metals by using different modes of action; and (v) plant defense induction modes. Presented here is a brief review emphasizing the applicability of BPBs as an innovative exertion to fulfill the current food crisis.

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menjelaskan signifikansi pengaruh leverage, ukuran perusahaan, pertumbuhan perusahaan, dan profitabilitas secara parsial terhadap nilai perusahaan properti yang terdaftar di BEI. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel 41 perusahaan selama periode penelitian yaitu tahun 2013-2015 menggunakan motode purposive sampling dengan kriteria perusahaan yang terdaftar secara kontinu dan perusahaan yang terdaftar penuh. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data sekunder. Regresi linier berganda adalah teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Setelah dilakukan pengujian maka diperoleh hasil leverage , pertumbuhan perusahaan, dan profitabilitas secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, dimana variabel yang memiliki hubungan positif yaitu leverage dan profitabilitas, sedangkan variabel pertumbuhan perusahaan mempunyai hubungan yang negatif, namun ukuran perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan The role of this research is to identify the significancy of leverage’s impact on firm value, firm size on firm value, firm growth on firm value and profitability on property’s firm size which listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. This research took 41 samples in research’s period from 2013 to 2015 with purposive sampling method which use the continuity and fully listed of the firm as the criteria of the sample. Multiple linear regression analysis used as the analysis technique of this reseach. After the research then could be concluded that leverage, firm growth, and profitability significantly affected the firm value, where leverage and profitability affect the dependent variables positively but the firm growth affected negatively. Meanwhile the firm size not significantly affected the firm value

Extreme concentration of marine biodiversity and exploitation of marine resources in the Coral Triangle pose challenges to biogeographers and resource managers. Comparative phylogeography provides a powerful tool to test biogeographic hypotheses evoked to explain species richness in the Coral Triangle. It can also be used to delineate management units for marine resources. After about a decade of phylogeographical studies, patterns for the Coral Triangle are emerging. Broad connectivity in some species support the notion that larvae have maintained gene flow among distant populations for long periods. Other phylogeographic patterns suggest vicariant events resulting from Pleistocene sea level fluctuations, which have, at least occasionally, resulted in speciation. Divergence dates ranging back to the Miocene suggest that changing land configurations may have precipitated an explosion of species diversification. A synthesis of the marine phylogeographic studies reveals repeated patterns that corroborate hypothesized biogeographic processes and suggest improved management schemes for marine resources.

Tourism development in Indonesia aims to alleviate poverty, to conserve nature, environment and resources, to develop culture, to improve nation's image, and to strengthen relationship with other country. Bali as the leading tourism destination in Indonesia is able to increase welfare of its people from tourism sector, however in tourism development there are many things to be care of in order to achieve Bali tourism sustainable for the future. There are some issues arise as impact of tourism development. An issue on tourism development in Bali is it is blamed as a cause of damage in agriculture sector as the land use has significantly changes. Also, tourism also creates impacts to culture. Some efforts have been made to reduce the negative impacts of tourism, including the empowerment of local community on tourism development. This paper aims to show how local community empowerment has been made possible through tourism. The paper also gives some case studies. Empowerment of the community will become a main key for tourism development because with empowerment and involvement of the community in tourism development, the community where the tourism is developed will participate in keeping their culture and nature so that at the end the sustainable tourism development will be reached and maintain.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, leverage, dan profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan pada sektor properti dan real estate di BEI. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan sektor properti dan real estate di BEI sebanyak 49 perusahaan pada periode 2012-2014. Teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, sehingga sampel akhir yang didapatkan adalah 40 perusahaan yang tergabung dalam sektor properti dan real estate di BEI periode 2012-2014. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi non partisipan. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari ICMD dan www.idx.co.id. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS 22 for windows. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukan, ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, leverage tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, dan profitabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect divident policy, liquidity, profitability and firm size against firm value. Firm value is an indicator of financial performance for companies that go public. High firm value would indicate strong shareholder wealth. This study was performed on companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2010-2013. The number of samples taken is 20 companies. The sampling method on this study using purposive sampling and using multiple regression analysis techniques which includes the classic assumption test and partial test (t-test) with a significant level (?) 5%. This study indicate that divident policy, liquidity, profitability and firm size partially positive effect on the firm value.

Specific mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have been identified in specific populations and ethnic groups. However, little is known about the contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations to breast cancers in the Indonesian population. One hundred-twenty moderate to high risk breast cancer patients were tested using PCR-DGGE, and any aberrant band was sequenced. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was performed on all samples to detect large deletions in the two genes. Twenty-three different mutations were detected in 30 individuals, ten were deleterious mutations and 20 were "unclassified variants" with uncertain clinical consequences. Three of seven (c.2784_2875insT, p.Leu1415X and del exon 13-15) and two of four (p.Glu2183X and p.Gln2894X) deleterious mutations that were found in BRCA1 and BRCA2 respectively, are novel. Several novel, pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations are found in early onset Indonesian breast cancer patients, these may therefore be specific for the Indonesian population.

Meningkatkan nilai perusahaan merupakan tujuan utama perusahaan yaitu dengan cara meningkatkan harga saham. Harga saham yang tinggi akan membuat pasar percaya pada kinerja perusahaan dan prospeknya di masa yang akan datang. Manajer keuangan perusahaan diharapkan mampu memahami faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Nilai perusahaan agar dapat meningkatkan nilai perusahaan serta memakmurkan pemegang saham. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui signifikansi pengaruh dari ukuran perusahaan, leverage dan profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan food and beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2011-2014 yang berjumlah populasi sebanyak 16 perusahaan. Penentuan jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling, tujuan menggunakan purposive sampling ialah untuk mendapatkan sampel yang representatif sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditentukan peneliti .Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan SPSS sebagai pengolahan data. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan, leverage berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan, dan profitabilitas berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan

The purpose of this research are to know the influence of motivation, work environment, competence and compensation toward work satisfaction and employees performance in Public Work Agency of Bali Province. 150 sample were selected by stratified proportional random sampling among Public Work Agency of Bali Province employees. Data were collected by questionnaires and SEM were applies as an analysis technique. Based on statistical analysis, motivation and work environment have not significant influence toward work satisfaction but competence and compensation does have. Motivation and competence do not have significant influence toward employees performance but work environment and compensation does have. The implication is motivation, work environment, competence, and compensation need to be increased in order to improve employees work satisfaction. The increase of work satisfaction will be able to improve<br />employees performance

The majority of studies on fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) strengthened concrete columns deal with columns of a circular cross section. However, most concrete columns in the field have square or rectangular cross sections and resist eccentric loads. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the performance of carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CFRP) wrapped square reinforced concrete (RC) columns under eccentric loading. The influence of the number of CFRP layers, the magnitude of eccentricity, and the presence of vertical CFRP straps were investigated by testing 16 specimens. The specimens had the dimensions 200×200×800 mm and round corners with a radius of 34 mm. Twelve specimens were tested as columns and four specimens as beams. The results of this study showed that CFRP wrapping enhanced the load-carrying capacity and ductility of the columns under eccentric loading. Furthermore, the application of the vertical CFRP straps significantly improved the performance of the columns with large eccentricity.