Universidade de Caxias do Sul

Este artigo traz à discussão duas perspectivas de análise discursiva que propomos como complementares e interdependentes: a visão biopolítica e o olhar semântico-polifônico. Nossa proposta constitui-se uma experiência de aproximação, guardadas as diferenças teóricas, da Filosofia e da Semântica Linguística aplicadas à Educação. Dado o contexto educacional do Brasil frente à implementação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular, elaboramos uma análise biopolítica e semântico-polifônica dos objetivos da BNCC. Começamos por examinar o documento no contexto biopolítico educacional e, na sequência, submetemos os enunciados que expressam seus objetivos no documento à descrição polifônica do sentido. Ambos os eixos de análise visam pôr à mostra o que está pressuposto e, portanto, não explicitado no discurso da BNCC. Ao fim, pensamos ter demonstrado como esses dois referenciais podem ser usados de forma integrada, para alertar sobre a necessidade de uma leitura e a consequente compreensão que transcenda os limites do texto manifesto e busque os ditos mais ou menos velados de um documento de importância substancial para a educação no Brasil contemporâneo.

Universidade Federal de Goiás

In this work, the relationship between cellulose crystallinity, the influence of extractive content on lignocellulosic fiber degradation, the correlation between chemical composition and the physical properties of ten types of natural fibers were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry techniques. The results showed that higher extractive contents associated with lower crystallinity and lower cellulose crystallite size can accelerate the degradation process and reduce the thermal stability of the lignocellulosic fibers studied. On the other hand, the thermal decomposition of natural fibers is shifted to higher temperatures with increasing the cellulose crystallinity and crystallite size. These results indicated that the cellulose crystallite size affects the thermal degradation temperature of natural fibers. This study showed that through the methods used, previous information about the structure and properties of lignocellulosic fibers can be obtained before use in composite formulations.

Adventitious rooting (AR) is a multifactorial response leading to new roots at the base of stem cuttings, and the establishment of a complete and autonomous plant. AR has two main phases: (a) induction, with a requirement for higher auxin concentration; (b) formation, inhibited by high auxin and in which anatomical changes take place. The first stages of this process in severed organs necessarily include wounding and water stress responses which may trigger hormonal changes that contribute to reprogram target cells that are competent to respond to rooting stimuli. At severance, the roles of jasmonate and abscisic acid are critical for wound response and perhaps sink strength establishment, although their negative roles on the cell cycle may inhibit root induction. Strigolactones may also inhibit AR. A reduced concentration of cytokinins in cuttings results from the separation of the root system, whose tips are a relevant source of these root induction inhibitors. The combined increased accumulation of basipetally transported auxins from the shoot apex at the cutting base is often sufficient for AR in easy-to-root species. The role of peroxidases and phenolic compounds in auxin catabolism may be critical at these early stages right after wounding. The events leading to AR strongly depend on mother plant nutritional status, both in terms of minerals and carbohydrates, as well as on sink establishment at cutting bases. Auxins play a central role in AR. Auxin transporters control auxin canalization to target cells. There, auxins act primarily through selective proteolysis and cell wall loosening, via their receptor proteins TIR1 (transport inhibitor response 1) and ABP1 (Auxin-Binding Protein 1). A complex microRNA circuitry is involved in the control of auxin response factors essential for gene expression in AR. After root establishment, new hormonal controls take place, with auxins being required at lower concentrations for root meristem maintenance and cytokinins needed for root tissue differentiation.

Importance: It is unknown whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have a positive, neutral, or negative effect on clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective: To determine whether discontinuation compared with continuation of ACEIs or ARBs changed the number of days alive and out of the hospital through 30 days. Design, Setting, and Participants: A randomized clinical trial of 659 patients hospitalized in Brazil with mild to moderate COVID-19 who were taking ACEIs or ARBs prior to hospitalization (enrolled: April 9-June 26, 2020; final follow-up: July 26, 2020). Interventions: Discontinuation (n = 334) or continuation (n = 325) of ACEIs or ARBs. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the number of days alive and out of the hospital through 30 days. Secondary outcomes included death, cardiovascular death, and COVID-19 progression. Results: Among 659 patients, the median age was 55.1 years (interquartile range [IQR], 46.1-65.0 years), 14.7% were aged 70 years or older, 40.4% were women, and 100% completed the trial. The median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was 6 days (IQR, 4-9 days) and 27.2% of patients had an oxygen saturation of less than 94% of room air at baseline. In terms of clinical severity, 57.1% of patients were considered mild at hospital admission and 42.9% were considered moderate. There was no significant difference in the number of days alive and out of the hospital in patients in the discontinuation group (mean, 21.9 days [SD, 8 days]) vs patients in the continuation group (mean, 22.9 days [SD, 7.1 days]) and the mean ratio was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90-1.01). There also was no statistically significant difference in death (2.7% for the discontinuation group vs 2.8% for the continuation group; odds ratio [OR], 0.97 [95% CI, 0.38-2.52]), cardiovascular death (0.6% vs 0.3%, respectively; OR, 1.95 [95% CI, 0.19-42.12]), or COVID-19 progression (38.3% vs 32.3%; OR, 1.30 [95% CI, 0.95-1.80]). The most common adverse events were respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (9.6% in the discontinuation group vs 7.7% in the continuation group), shock requiring vasopressors (8.4% vs 7.1%, respectively), acute myocardial infarction (7.5% vs 4.6%), new or worsening heart failure (4.2% vs 4.9%), and acute kidney failure requiring hemodialysis (3.3% vs 2.8%). Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients hospitalized with mild to moderate COVID-19 and who were taking ACEIs or ARBs before hospital admission, there was no significant difference in the mean number of days alive and out of the hospital for those assigned to discontinue vs continue these medications. These findings do not support routinely discontinuing ACEIs or ARBs among patients hospitalized with mild to moderate COVID-19 if there is an indication for treatment. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04364893.

BACKGROUND: The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study (CKiD) equation for children and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation for adults are recommended serum creatinine (SCr)-based calculations for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, these equations, as well as their combination, have limitations, notably the problem of implausible changes in GFR during the transition from adolescence to adulthood and overestimation of GFR in young adults. The full age spectrum (FAS) equation addresses these issues but overestimates GFR when SCr levels are low. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a modified FAS SCr-based equation combining design features of the FAS and CKD-EPI equations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis with separate pooled data sets for development and validation. SETTING: = 13) with measured GFR available. PATIENTS: 11 251 participants in 7 studies (development and internal validation data sets) and 8378 participants in 6 studies (external validation data set). MEASUREMENTS: Clearance of an exogenous marker (reference method), SCr level, age, sex, and height were used to develop a new equation to estimate GFR. RESULTS: ] in adults) across the FAS (2 to 90 years) and SCr range (40 to 490 µmol/L [0.45 to 5.54 mg/dL]) and with fewer estimation errors exceeding 30% (6.5% [CI, 3.8% to 9.1%] in children and 3.1% [CI, 2.5% to 3.6%] in adults) compared with the CKiD and CKD-EPI equations. LIMITATION: No Black patients were included. CONCLUSION: The new EKFC equation shows improved accuracy and precision compared with commonly used equations for estimating GFR from SCr levels. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet).

BACKGROUND: To evaluate personal and institutional factors related to depression and anxiety prevalence of students from 22 Brazilian medical schools. METHODS: The authors performed a multicenter study (August 2011 to August 2012), examining personal factors (age, sex, housing, tuition scholarship) and institutional factors (year of the medical training, school legal status, location and support service) in association with scores of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). RESULTS: Of 1,650 randomly selected students, 1,350 (81.8 %) completed the study. The depressive symptoms prevalence was 41 % (BDI > 9), state-anxiety 81.7 % and trait-anxiety in 85.6 % (STAI > 33). There was a positive relationship between levels of state (r = 0,591, p < 0.001) and trait (r = 0,718, p < 0.001) anxiety and depression scores. All three symptoms were positively associated with female sex and students from medical schools located in capital cities of both sexes. Tuition scholarship students had higher state-anxiety but not trait-anxiety or depression scores. Medical students with higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms disagree more than their peers with the statements "I have adequate access to psychological support" and "There is a good support system for students who get stressed". CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with the increase of medical students' depression and anxiety symptoms were female sex, school location and tuition scholarship. It is interesting that tuition scholarship students showed state-anxiety, but not depression and trait-anxiety symptoms.

The purpose of this Consensus Statement is to provide a global, collaborative, representative and inclusive vision for educating an interprofessional healthcare workforce that can deliver sustainable healthcare and promote planetary health. It is intended to inform national and global accreditation standards, planning and action at the institutional level as well as highlight the role of individuals in transforming health professions education. Many countries have agreed to ‘rapid, far-reaching and unprecedented changes’ to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 45% within 10 years and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, including in healthcare. Currently, however, health professions graduates are not prepared for their roles in achieving these changes. Thus, to reduce emissions and meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), health professions education must equip undergraduates, and those already qualified, with the knowledge, skills, values, competence and confidence they need to sustainably promote the health, human rights and well-being of current and future generations, while protecting the health of the planet.The current imperative for action on environmental issues such as climate change requires health professionals to mobilize politically as they have before, becoming strong advocates for major environmental, social and economic change. A truly ethical relationship with people and the planet that we inhabit so precariously, and to guarantee a future for the generations which follow, demands nothing less of all health professionals.This Consensus Statement outlines the changes required in health professions education, approaches to achieve these changes and a timeline for action linked to the internationally agreed SDGs. It represents the collective vision of health professionals, educators and students from various health professions, geographic locations and cultures. ‘Consensus’ implies broad agreement amongst all individuals engaged in discussion on a specific issue, which in this instance, is agreement by all signatories of this Statement developed under the auspices of the Association for Medical Education in Europe (AMEE).To ensure a shared understanding and to accurately convey information, we outline key terms in a glossary which accompanies this Consensus Statement (Supplementary Appendix 1). We acknowledge, however, that terms evolve and that different terms resonate variably depending on factors such as setting and audience. We define education for sustainable healthcare as the process of equipping current and future health professionals with the knowledge, values, confidence and capacity to provide environmentally sustainable services through health professions education. We define a health professional as a person who has gained a professional qualification for work in the health system, whether in healthcare delivery, public health or a management or supporting role and education as ‘the system comprising structures, curricula, faculty and activities contributing to a learning process’. This Statement is relevant to the full continuum of training – from undergraduate to postgraduate and continuing professional development.

Introduction: Remote patient monitoring or telemonitoring aims at improving patient care through digitally transmitted health-related data. That allows early detection of disease decompensation and intervention, patient education and improves patient–physician relationship. Despite its relevance, there are no comprehensive reviews evaluating the variables discussed by clinical studies on telemonitoring. Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed was performed to identify studies about telemonitoring published between 2000 and 2018. These had to be case reports with >5 cases, comparative or clinical studies/trials. The following variables were evaluated: year of publication, author's country, discussed topic, objective of study, follow-up time, number of telemonitoring patients, primary outcome, use of teleconsultation and tele-education, presence of a control group, effectiveness of telemonitoring, telemonitoring strategies, and level of evidence. Results: After screening 947 records, 272 articles were included. The review showed a growing number of publications over the years, with 43.0% being published between 2015 and 2018, providing generally positive results (76.8%). The United States was responsible for 38.2% of articles. Cardiovascular disease was the topic of 47.8% of studies, whereas surgical pathologies and postoperative care represented only 2.6%. Wireless devices or smartphone apps were the most popular strategy (75.7%), with 17.6% of studies employing tele-education and 24.6% employing teleconsultation measures. Most publications were OCEBM Level of Evidence 2 (73.5%). Conclusion: Telemonitoring appears to maximize patient care and effectiveness of treatment. The number of publications illustrates the growing interest in the matter. Telemonitoring has yet to be evaluated in the setting of postoperative care and surgical pathologies.

The antioxidant hesperidin, a major flavonoid in sweet orange and lemon, was evaluated using chemical and biological systems. The chemical assay evaluates the hesperidin capacity to sequester 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*). Biological studies were done using the eukaryotic cells of superoxide-dismutase proficient and deficient strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae treated with hesperidin and the stressing agents hydrogen peroxide or paraquat (methylviologen; 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride). Hesperidin was able to reduce significantly the level of the free radical DPPH* with similar efficacy of trolox (positive control). When the yeast cells were exposed to the flavonoid hesperidin before the stressing agents, there was a significant increase in the survival of all strains. Paraquat induced higher catalase and superoxide dismutase than did hydrogen peroxide, which only increased catalase activity. Previous addition of hesperidin to these treatments was able to reduce significantly both enzymatic levels. These observations clearly demonstrate that hesperidin provides strong cellular antioxidant protection against the damaging effects induced by paraquat and peroxide hydrogen.

We determined masses for the 7167 DA and 507 DB white dwarf stars classified as single and non-magnetic in Data Release 4 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We obtained revised T eff and log g determinations for the most massive stars by fitting the SDSS optical spectra with a synthetic spectra grid derived from model atmospheres extending to log g = 10.0. We also calculate radii from evolutionary models and create volume-corrected mass distributions for our DA and DB samples. The mean mass for the DA stars brighter than g = 19 and hotter than T eff = 12 000 K is M DA 0.593 0.016 M . For the 150 DBs brighter than g = 19 and hotter than T eff = 16 000 K, we find M DB = 0.711 0.009 M . It appears the mean mass for DB white dwarf stars may be significantly larger than that for DAs. We also report the highest mass white dwarf stars ever found, up to 1.33 M .

Abstract In this study, the relationship between wood cellulose crystallinity, influence of extractives on wood degradation, correlation between chemical composition, and physical properties of four wood species were investigated by chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. The chemical analysis showed that Dipteryx odorata and Mezilaurus itauba (ITA) contained a higher quantity of extractives and lower quantities of holocellulose and lignin than Eucalyptus grandis (EUG) and Pinus elliottii . FTIR spectroscopy indicated that higher extractives content in ITA might be associated with more intense bands at 2920, 2850, and 1510 cm −1 . The lower values for hydrogen bond energy and hydrogen bond intensity showed that EUG contained more absorbed water than the other species. Thermogravimetry confirm that lower extractive contents leads to a better wood thermal stability. This study showed that through the methods used previous information about structure and properties of wood can be obtained before use it in composite formulations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

Pelotas is a city in the extreme south of Brazil, near the border of Uruguay, with 214 000 urban inhabitants in 1982. At the time, we were assistant professors, each working in one of the two medical schools in the city, and both undergoing post-graduate training at the University of London. We were inspired by the findings of the British perinatal study, and one of us (FCB) decided to do a similar study for his doctoral thesis. The lack of reliable data on perinatal mortality in Brazil, due to poor registration of births and deaths-particularly stillbirthsjustified the launch of the study. Funding from the International Development Research Center (Canada) was obtained for the perinatal survey, which led to FCB's PhD thesis. While perinatal data collection was underway, we obtained a grant to visit a sub-sample of these newborns at the age of 12 months. Later funds were obtained for two visits to the entire cohort, at the approximate ages of 2 and 4 years.

Abstract This work aims to evaluate the performance of glass/sisal hybrid composites focusing on mechanical (flexural and impact) and dynamic mechanical analyses (DMTA). Hybrid composites with different fiber loadings and different volume ratios between glass and sisal were studied. The effect of the fiber length has also been investigated. The densities of the composites were compared with the theoretical values, showing agreement with the rule of mixtures. The results obtained in the flexural and impact analysis revealed that, in general, the properties were always higher for higher overall reinforcement content. By DMTA, an increase in the storage and loss modulus was found, as well as a shift to higher values for higher glass loading and overall fiber volume. It was also noticed an increase in the efficiency of the filler and the calculated activation energy for the relaxation process in the glass transition region. The fiber length did not significantly change the results observed in all analyses carried out in this work. The calculated adhesion factor increased for higher glass loadings, meaning the equation may not be applied for the system studied and there are other factors, besides adhesion influencing energy dissipation of the composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010

The basidiomycete fungus Crinipellis perniciosa (Stahel) Singer is the causal agent of Witches' Broom Disease of Cacao (Theobromacacao L.) which is the main factor limiting cacao production in the Americas. Pod losses of up to 90% are experienced in affected areas as evidenced by the 50% drop in production in Bahia province, Brazil following the arrival of the C. perniciosa in the area in 1989. The disease has proven particularly difficult to control and many farmers in affected areas have given up cacao cultivation. In order to evaluate the potential of endophytes as a biological control agent of this phytopathogen, the endophytic fungal community of resistant and susceptible cacao plants as well as affected branches was studied between 2001 and 2002. The fungal community was identified by morphological traits and rDNA sequencing as belonging to the genera Acremonium, Blastomyces, Botryosphaeria, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Cordyceps, Diaporthe, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Gibberella, Gliocladium, Lasiodiplodia, Monilochoetes, Nectria, Pestalotiopsis, Phomopsis, Pleurotus, Pseudofusarium, Rhizopycnis, Syncephalastrum, Trichoderma, Verticillium and Xylaria. These fungi were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo by their ability to inhibit C. perniciosa. Among these, some were identified as potential antagonists, but only one fungus (Gliocladium catenulatum) reduced the incidence of Witches' Broom Disease in cacao seedlings to 70%.

People around the world are increasingly facing the pressing challenges of today's interconnected environmental, social, and health crises. The COVID-19 pandemic has been an important wake-up call reminding us that we need a healthy planet to ensure the health of all people.1Plowright RK Reaser JK Locke H et al.Land use-induced spillover: a call to action to safeguard environmental, animal, and human health.Lancet Planet Health. 2021; 5: e237-e245Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (48) Google Scholar The emerging field of planetary health is a framework for understanding these interconnections and identifying solutions to the complex challenges confronting our civilization. Building on the unique role and responsibility of education institutions in shaping our futures, embedding planetary health education in curricula is an essential step to achieving the transformative change needed. Planetary health education across all levels and disciplines will equip and enable learners to drive transdisciplinary and mutually reinforcing actions to protect and restore planetary health and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.2United NationsTransforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development.https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/2015/08/transforming-our-world-the-2030-agenda-for-sustainable-development/Date: Aug 26, 2015Date accessed: March 11, 2021Google Scholar However, a cohesive framework to guide institutions, educators, and learners does not exist. To address this gap, a taskforce of thought leaders in planetary health and education was convened by the Planetary Health Alliance to create the Planetary Health Education Framework (forthcoming). The taskforce's work took place between December, 2019, and February, 2021. The taskforce sought to build on the 12 crosscutting principles for planetary health education to create a framework that functions as a common foundational language across disciplines and sectors, as well as geographies, and serves as the cornerstone for diverse education strategies.3Stone S Myers S Golden C Cross-cutting principles for planetary health education.Lancet Planet Health. 2018; 2: e192-e193Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (22) Google Scholar The framework intends to move beyond a prescriptive list of competencies towards recognising the diverse inquiries (ie, the why [affective], the what [representation], the how [strategic]) that shape planetary health education. The framework is an organised yet dynamic interpretation of the breadth of planetary health education. It promotes praxis, participatory teaching methods, and unique learning pathways that respond to environmental and social context, local priorities, technology, and resources available in each learning setting. The framework facilitates the creation of a diverse spectrum of educational programmes and learning resources in planetary health. We targeted higher education institutions for their unique positioning within societies worldwide, as respected sources of thought leadership, and as crucial stakeholders in development efforts. The framework is relevant for learners of all levels in higher education. The Planetary Health Education Framework considers five foundational domains that we believe comprise the essence of planetary health knowledge, values, and practice (figure). First, interconnection within nature. Fostering compassion for planet Earth through the recognition of the personal, cognitive, social, and emotional aspects of the education process is the central element of the framework. Interconnection within nature is an approach in which the cognitive (the sense of connection), the affective (the caring component), and the behavioural (the commitment to act) are integrated when designing transformative educational strategies.4Zylstra M Knight A Esler K Le Grange L Connectedness as a core conservation concern: an interdisciplinary review of theory and a call for practice.Springer Sci Rev. 2014; 2: 119-143Crossref Google Scholar As part of this domain, combining ways of knowing, such as from Indigenous and western education and practice, will better enable the emergence of co-benefits for individuals, communities, and our planet.5Redvers N Poelina A Schultz C et al.Indigenous natural or first law in planetary health.Challenges. 2020; 11: 29Crossref Google Scholar This domain recognises diverse knowledge and spiritual traditions, especially those of Indigenous peoples that teach of the deep interconnectedness within nature. Second, the anthropocene and health. The anthropocene is characterised by massive disruptions in earth system processes that have resulted from the ballooning of humanity's ecological footprint.6Whitmee S Haines A Beyrer C et al.Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefeller Foundation–Lancet Commission on planetary health.Lancet. 2015; 386: 1973-2028Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (999) Google Scholar This domain focuses on the understanding of how specific anthropogenic impacts on Earth's natural systems are connected to health outcomes. Understanding the links between the anthropocene and health requires a social and ecological approach to health promotion and disease prevention and control, ranging from individual to population-level determinants of human, animal, and ecosystem health. This domain also focuses on understanding the underlying and mediating factors that enhance or lessen health outcomes (eg, culture, value systems, governance, and technology), which relate to learning in the fourth domain, equity and justice. Third, systems thinking and complexity. The field of planetary health draws upon approaches to systems thinking that have long been a focus in the field of ecology and describes how various elements interact and coalesce as part of complex systems.7Odum EP The new ecology.BioScience. 1964; 14: 14-16Crossref Google Scholar Within planetary health, and for the purposes of the education process, it is essential to characterise the linkages between environmental changes and human health at different geospatial and temporal scales. Doing so requires systems-based understandings that incorporate characteristics of complex adaptive systems (eg, non-linear or circular causal relationships, tipping or leverage points, emerging characteristics, and self-organisation). Within this domain, learners work towards self-awareness to acknowledge their own biases and epistemological groundings. Fourth, equity and justice. Equity and justice in planetary health are founded on the rights of humans and the rights of nature, giving all human populations and ecosystems, present and future, the opportunity to attain their full vitality. Realising equity and justice requires eliminating systemic disparities so that no population carries disproportionate burdens of environmental and health impacts while others are able to thrive.8Prescott S Logan A Albrecht G et al.The Canmore Declaration: statement of principles for planetary health.Challenges. 2018; 9: 31Crossref Google Scholar Education processes must acknowledge the structural inequities and how historical and political injustices, including settler-colonialism, white supremacy, racism, patriarchy, and capitalism or neoliberalism, have contributed to the disenfranchisement of populations and a degraded environment. Future planetary health practitioners of the field must be able to rebuild the institutions (eg, laws, health care, and education) that promote and reproduce inequities and shape planetary living conditions. Fifth, movement building and systems change. Effective movement building is needed to solve the urgent planetary health crisis. Contrary to popular belief, movements do not simply emerge in response to a given moment. Action requires inclusive relationships, thoughtful strategy, effective communication, and transformational partnerships.9Ganz M Leading change: leadership, organization, and social movements.in: Nohria N Khurana R Handbook of leadership theory and practice. Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge2010: 509-550Google Scholar This domain addresses these elements so learners and future professionals can build effective movements to support systems change and the great transition to a just future. Mentorship, solidarity, and the development of concrete skill sets help to reduce apathy, increase engagement, and create much-needed momentum for change. Institutions, educators, and learners that incorporate this framework will need to shift away from a business as usual, siloed approach to education. For institutions to adapt planetary health as a guiding framework for an institution-wide approach, contextualisation, transdisciplinarity (including epistemological diversity), solution-oriented, action-based, and transformative approaches to education will need to be intentionally designed through strategic, logistical, and resource lenses. This transformation of education will foster local and global communities in working towards wellbeing, justice, and a thriving environment for all. CAFG declares consulting fees from the Planetary Health Alliance. CH declares consulting fees from the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change and from CODA Change and board positions or steering committee for Global Climate and Health Alliance, the WHO-Civil Society Working Group on Climate Change and Health, the Planetary Health Alliance, the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment, and the Canadian Medical Association. EB declares being the chair of the WONCA Working Party on the Environment and was a grant recipient from WONCA Air Health Train-the-Trainer. JP declares being recipient of the Chanchlani Award for Global Health Research. MZ declares consulting work with the Organization for Noetic Ecology NPO and Wildlands Studies; and pro-bono advisor or associate to Sea Change Trust (South Africa), Masiyembo Association (South Africa), The Connective (Australia), and Earthfire Institute (USA). NE declares a previous role as a data analysis consultant at HowGood starting March 17, 2021. Brunel University London has supported provision on OM's time in-kind for this project and preparation of this manuscript. TP declares budget for travel to Planetary Health events, but funds were not used during the writing of this paper. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Background: We recently published and validated the new serum creatinine (Scr)-based full-age-spectrum equation (FAS crea ) for estimating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for healthy and kidney-diseased subjects of all ages. The equation was based on the concept of normalized Scr and shows equivalent to superior prediction performance to the currently recommended equations for children, adolescents, adults and older adults. Methods: Based on an evaluation of the serum cystatin C (ScysC) distribution, we defined normalization constants for ScysC ( Q cysC = 0.82 mg/L for ages <70 years and Q cysC = 0.95 mg/L for ages ≥70 years). By replacing Scr/ Q crea in the FAS crea equation with ScysC/ Q cysC , or with the average of both normalized biomarkers, we obtained new ScysC-based (FAS cysC ) and combined Scr-/ScysC-based FAS equations (FAS combi ). To validate the new FAS cysC and FAS combi we collected data on measured GFR, Scr, ScysC, age, gender, height and weight from 11 different cohorts including n = 6132 unique white subjects (368 children, aged ≤18 years, 4295 adults and 1469 older adults, aged ≥70 years). Results: In children and adolescents, the new FAS cysC equation showed significantly better performance [percentage of patients within 30% of mGFR (P30) = 86.1%] than the Caucasian Asian Paediatric Adult Cohort equation (P30 = 76.6%; P < 0.0001), or the ScysC-based Schwartz equation (P30 = 68.8%; P < 0.0001) and the FAS combi equation outperformed all equations with P30 = 92.1% (P < 0.0001). In adults, the FAS cysC equation (P30 = 82.6%) performed equally as well as the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI cysC ) (P30 = 80.4%) and the FAS combi equation (P30 = 89.9%) was also equal to the combined CKD-EPI equation (P30 = 88.2%). In older adults, FAS cysC was superior (P30 = 88.2%) to CKD-EPI cysC (P30 = 84.4%; P < 0.0001) and the FAS combi equation (P30 = 91.2%) showed significantly higher performance than the combined CKD-EPI equation (P30 = 85.6%) (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The FAS equation is not only applicable to all ages, but also for all recommended renal biomarkers and their combinations.

Humanismo do outro homem: perspectivas de uma formação a partir da sensibilidade e da ética com Emmanuel Levinas Resumo: As teorias da formação alcançam grande expressividade com o desenvolvimento dos ideais do humanismo moderno. Trata-se de um projeto civilizatório que visa elevar a humanidade ao seu mais alto grau de perfectibilidade. A história e a filosofia do século XX, no entanto, desautorizaram a crença no humanismo e colocaram os seus fundamentos em crise. Essa crise estende-se a tudo que foi edificado sobre o humanismo, inclusive o projeto de uma formação para o esclarecimento e para a perfectibilidade. O que o artigo propõe é uma leitura sobre a resposta à crise do humanismo a partir da filosofia da subjetividade de Levinas. Assim, assume-se o afastamento do discurso humanista da modernidade para apresentar uma perspectiva à formação orientada pela sensibilidade e pelo acolhimento a outrem. Numa revisão do conceito de formação, o texto volta sua atenção para uma ética do acolhimento à alteridade: um humanismo do outro homem. Palavras-chave: Formação; Humanismo; Sensibilidade; Ética; Emmanuel Levinas. Humanism of the other man: perspectives of a formation from the sensitivity and the ethics with Emmanuel Levinas Abstract: The theories of formation reach great expressiveness with the development of the ideals of modern humanism. It is a civilizing project that aims to elevate humanity to its highest degree of perfectibility. The history and philosophy of the twentieth century, however, disallowed the belief in humanism and submitted its foundations to the crisis. This crisis extends to everything that has been built on humanism, including the design of a formation for enlightenment and perfectibility. What is proposed is a reading on the response to the crisis of humanism from the Levinas' philosophy of subjectivity. Thus, the article takes away from the humanist discourse of modernity, and presents a perspective for the formation now oriented by sensitivity and acceptance of others. In a review of the concept of formation, the text turns its attention to an ethic of welcoming to otherness: a humanism of the other man. Keywords: Formation; Humanism; Sensitivity; Ethic; Emmanuel Levinas. Humanismo del otro hombre: perspectivas de una formación a partir de la sensibilidad y de la ética con Emmanuel Levinas Resumen: Las teorías de la formación logran gran expresividad con el desarrollo de los ideales del humanismo moderno. Se trata de un proyecto civilizatorio que pretende elevar la humanidad a su más alto grado de perfectibilidad. La historia y la filosofía del siglo XX, sin embargo, desautorizaron la creencia en el humanismo y plantearon sus fundamentos en crisis. Esta crisis se extiende a todo lo que ha sido edificado sobre el humanismo, incluso el proyecto de una formación para el esclarecimiento y la perfectibilidad. Lo que el artículo propone es una lectura sobre la respuesta a la crisis del humanismo a partir de la filosofía de la subjetividad de Levinas. Así, se asume el alejamiento del discurso humanista de la modernidad para presentar una perspectiva a la formación orientada por la sensibilidad y la acogida a otro. Revisando el concepto de formación, el texto vuelve su atención hacia una ética de la acogida a la alteridad: un humanismo del otro hombre. Palabras clave: Formación; Humanismo; Sensibilidad; Ética; Emmanuel Levinas. Data de registro: 04/02/2019 Data de aceite: 30/10/2019

This study focuses on the use of waste cotton fiber from the textile industry to produce composites with unsaturated polyester and to evaluate the performance of glass (G) / cotton (C) fiber laminates, particularly their mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. Distinct stacking sequences were studied but the overall fiber content was kept constant. In general, hybrid laminates exhibited intermediate mechanical properties compared to those of the pure laminates, and optimum performance was obtained when the glass fiber mats were placed on the surfaces of the composite. Furthermore, some hybrid laminates exhibited superior dynamic mechanical performance, even compared to the pure glass laminate. Lower tan delta peak height (related to better fiber-matrix interaction) values and higher Tg were reported for the [C/G/G¯]s and [G/C/C¯]s samples which, together with the [G/C/G¯]s sample, exhibited the best results for reinforcement effectiveness and loss modulus peak height. Therefore, it is found possible to partially replace the glass fiber by waste cotton fiber considering that the final product may be optimized for mechanical property, which requires glass fiber at the surface of the laminate, or for dynamic mechanical properties, that allows higher cotton fiber content.

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is one of the world's major biodiversity hotspots and is threatened by a severe habitat loss. Yet little is known about the processes that originated its remarkable richness of endemic species. Here we present results of a large-scale survey of the genetic variation at the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of the pitviper, jararaca lancehead (Bothrops jararaca), and two closely related insular species (Bothrops insularis and Bothrops alcatraz), endemic of this region. Phylogenetic and network analyses revealed the existence of two well-supported clades, exhibiting a southern and a northern distribution. The divergence time of these two phylogroups was estimated at 3.8 million years ago, in the Pliocene, a period of intense climatic changes and frequent fragmentation of the tropical rainforest. Our data also suggest that the two groups underwent a large size expansion between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago. However, the southern group showed a more marked signal of population size fluctuation than the northern group, corroborating evidences that southern forests may have suffered a more pronounced reduction in area in the late Pleistocene. The insular species B. alcatraz and B. insularis presented very low diversity, each one sharing haplotypes with mainland individuals placed in different subclades. Despite their marked morphological and behavioural uniqueness, these two insular species seem to have originated very recently and most likely from distinct costal B. jararaca populations, possibly associated with late Pleistocene or Holocene sea level fluctuations.