University of Hawaii Maui College

BACKGROUND: Research on technologies based on artificial intelligence in healthcare has increased during the last decade, with applications showing great potential in assisting and improving care. However, introducing these technologies into nursing can raise concerns related to data bias in the context of training algorithms and potential implications for certain populations. Little evidence exists in the extant literature regarding the efficacious application of many artificial intelligence -based health technologies used in healthcare. OBJECTIVES: To synthesize currently available state-of the-art research in artificial intelligence -based technologies applied in nursing practice. DESIGN: Scoping review METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and IEEE Xplore were searched for relevant articles with queries that combine names and terms related to nursing, artificial intelligence and machine learning methods. Included studies focused on developing or validating artificial intelligence -based technologies with a clear description of their impacts on nursing. We excluded non-experimental studies and research targeted at robotics, nursing management and technologies used in nursing research and education. RESULTS: A total of 7610 articles published between January 2010 and March 2021 were revealed, with 93 articles included in this review. Most studies explored the technology development (n = 55, 59.1%) and formation (testing) (n = 28, 30.1%) phases, followed by implementation (n = 9, 9.7%) and operational (n = 1, 1.1%) phases. The vast majority (73.1%) of studies provided evidence with a descriptive design (level VI) while only a small portion (4.3%) were randomised controlled trials (level II). The study aims, settings and methods were poorly described in the articles, and discussion of ethical considerations were lacking in 36.6% of studies. Additionally, one-third of papers (33.3%) were reported without the involvement of nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Contemporary research on applications of artificial intelligence -based technologies in nursing mainly cover the earlier stages of technology development, leaving scarce evidence of the impact of these technologies and implementation aspects into practice. The content of research reported is varied. Therefore, guidelines on research reporting and implementing artificial intelligence -based technologies in nursing are needed. Furthermore, integrating basic knowledge of artificial intelligence -related technologies and their applications in nursing education is imperative, and interventions to increase the inclusion of nurses throughout the technology research and development process is needed.

Time perspective therapy (TPT) is a new time-based therapy that focuses on clients' perceptions of their past, present, and future. Based on Zimbardo's temporal theory and the utilization of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the authors have developed this new narrative therapy approach for the purpose of treating clients diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. The goal of TPT is to identify clients' six time perspective factors and then work with and balance these perspectives to promote a more positive future orientation, replace their traumatic past negativity, and thereby create a more responsive and healthier individual.

Bananas (Musa spp.) are one of the main fruit crops grown worldwide. With the annual production reaching 144 million tons, their production represents an important contribution to the economies of many countries in Asia, Africa, Latin-America and Pacific Islands. Most importantly, bananas are a staple food for millions of people living in the tropics. Unfortunately, sustainable banana production is endangered by various diseases and pests, and the breeding for resistant cultivars relies on a far too small base of genetic variation. Greater diversity needs to be incorporated in breeding, especially of wild species. Such work requires a large and thoroughly characterized germplasm collection, which also is a safe depository of genetic diversity. The largest ex situ Musa germplasm collection is kept at the International Transit Centre (ITC) in Leuven (Belgium) and currently comprises over 1500 accessions. This report summarizes the results of systematic cytological and molecular characterization of the Musa ITC collection. By December 2015, 630 accessions have been genotyped. The SSR markers confirmed the previous morphological based classification for 84% of ITC accessions analyzed. The remaining 16% of the genotyped entries may need field verification by taxonomist to decide if the unexpected classification by SSR genotyping was correct. The ploidy level estimation complements the molecular data. The genotyping continues for the entire ITC collection, including newly introduced accessions, to assure that the genotype of each accession is known in the largest global Musa gene bank.

Journal Article Host Range of Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with Special Reference to Leucaena glauca Get access L. S. Yudin, L. S. Yudin 1Dep. of Entomology, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. J. Cho, J. J. Cho 2Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Hawaii, HITAHR—Maui Research, Kula, HI 96790 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. C. Mitchell W. C. Mitchell 1Dep. of Entomology, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 15, Issue 6, 1 December 1986, Pages 1292–1295, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/15.6.1292 Published: 01 December 1986 Article history Accepted: 10 September 1986 Published: 01 December 1986 Received: 31 December 1986

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between a system of medication management services provided by specially trained hospital and community pharmacists (Pharm2Pharm) and rates and costs of medication-related hospitalization in older adults. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental interrupted time series design comparing intervention and nonintervention hospitals using a mixed-effects analysis that modeled the intervention as a time-dependent variable. SETTING: Sequential implementation of Pharm2Pharm at six general nonfederal acute care hospitals in Hawaii with more than 50 beds in 2013 and 2014. All five other such hospitals served as a contemporaneous comparison group. PARTICIPANTS: Adult inpatients who met criteria for being at risk for medication problems (N = 2,083), 62% of whom were aged 65 or older. INTERVENTION: A state-wide system of medication management services provided by specially trained hospital and community pharmacists serving high-risk individuals from hospitalization through transition to home and for up to 1 year after discharge. MEASUREMENTS: Medication-related hospitalization rate per 1,000 admissions of individuals aged 65 and older, adjusted for case mix; estimate of costs of hospitalizations and actual costs of pharmacist services. RESULTS: The predicted, case mix-adjusted medication-related hospitalization rate of individuals aged 65 and older was 36.5% lower in the Pharm2Pharm hospitals after implementation than in the nonintervention hospitals (P = .01). The estimated annualized cost of avoided admissions was $6.6 million. The annual cost of the pharmacist services for all Pharm2Pharm participants was $1.8 million. CONCLUSION: The Pharm2Pharm model was associated with an estimated 36% reduction in the medication-related hospitalization rate for older adults and a 2.6:1 return on investment, highlighting the value of pharmacists as drug therapy experts in geriatric care.

Sulfites and other preservatives are considered food additives to limit bacterial contamination, and are generally regarded as safe for consumption by governmental regulatory agencies at concentrations up to 5000 parts per million (ppm). Consumption of bactericidal and bacteriostatic drugs have been shown to damage beneficial bacteria in the human gut and this damage has been associated with several diseases. In the present study, bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of two common food preservatives, sodium bisulfite and sodium sulfite, were tested on four known beneficial bacterial species common as probiotics and members of the human gut microbiota. Lactobacillus species casei, plantarum and rhamnosus, and Streptococcus thermophilus were grown under optimal environmental conditions to achieve early log phase at start of experiments. Bacterial cultures were challenged with sulfite concentrations ranging between 10 and 3780 ppm for six hours. To establish a control, a culture of each species was inoculated into media containing no sulfite preservative. By two hours of exposure, a substantial decrease (or no increase) of cell numbers (based on OD600 readings) were observed for all bacteria types, in concentrations of sulfites between 250-500 ppm, compared to cells in sulfite free media. Further testing using serial dilution and drop plates identified bactericidal effects in concentrations ranging between 1000-3780 ppm on all the Lactobacillus species by 4 hours of exposure and bactericidal effects on S. thermophilus in 2000ppm NaHSO3 after 6 hours of exposure.

Wide field surveys for transiting planets are well suited to searching diverse stellar populations, enabling a better understanding of the link between the properties of planets and their parent stars. We report the discovery of HAT-P-69b (TOI 625.01) and HAT-P-70b (TOI 624.01), two new hot Jupiters around A stars from the HATNet survey which have also been observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). HAT-P-69b has a mass of 3.58 +0.58/-0.58 MJup and a radius of 1.676 +0.051/-0.033 RJup, residing in a prograde 4.79-day orbit. HAT-P-70b has a radius of 1.87 +0.15/-0.10 RJup and a mass constraint of < 6.78 (3 sigma) MJup, and resides in a retrograde 2.74-day orbit. We use the confirmation of these planets around relatively massive stars as an opportunity to explore the occurrence rate of hot Jupiters as a function of stellar mass. We define a sample of 47,126 main-sequence stars brighter than Tmag=10 that yields 31 giant planet candidates, including 18 confirmed planets, 3 candidates, and 10 false positives. We find a net hot Jupiter occurrence rate of 0.41+/-0.10 % within this sample, consistent with the rate measured by Kepler for FGK stars. When divided into stellar mass bins, we find the occurrence rate to be 0.71+/-0.31% for G stars, 0.43+/-0.15% for F stars, and 0.26+/-0.11% for A stars. Thus, at this point, we cannot discern any statistically significant trend in the occurrence of hot Jupiters with stellar mass.

Wild-type soybean (Glycine max [L] Merr. cv Bragg) and a nitrate-tolerant supernodulating mutant (nts382) were grown in split root systems to investigate the involvement of the autoregulation response and the effect of timing of inoculation on nodule suppression. In Bragg, nodulation of the root portion receiving the delayed inoculation was suppressed nearly 100% by a 7-day prior inoculation of the other root portion with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA 110. Significant suppression was also observed after a 24-hour delay in inoculation. Mutant nts382 in the presence of a low nitrate level (0.5 millimolar) showed little, if any, systemic suppression. Root fresh weights of individual root portions were similar for both wild type and nts382 mutant. When nts382 was grown in the absence of nitrate, a 7-day delay in inoculation resulted in only 30% suppression of nodulation and a significant difference in root fresh weight between the two sides, with the delayed inoculated side always being smaller. Nodulation tests on split roots of nts382, nts1116, and wild-type cultivars Bragg, Williams 82, and Clark demonstrated a difference in their systemic suppression ability. These observations indicate that (a) autoregulation deficiencies in mutant nts382 result in a reduction of systemic suppression of nodulation, (b) some suppression is detectable after 24 hours with a delayed inoculation, (c) the presence of low nitrate affects the degree of suppression and the root growth, and (d) soybean genotypes differ in their ability to express this systemic suppression.

Abstract: Several species of cetaceans naturally slough visible quantities of skin. We have investigated the prospect of using this material as a viable alternative to the use of biopsy darts for the collection of samples for molecular analysis. Pieces of skin were collected from free‐ranging individuals of three different species—the humpback ( Megaptera novaeangliae) , sperm ( Physeter macrocephalus ) and right whales ( Eubalaena glacialis ). DNA was extracted from 11 pieces of sloughed skin and DNA “fingerprint” profiles prepared. All samples contained DNA of both sufficient quality and quantity for genetic analysis. The applicability of this approach is discussed generally in relation to answering problems about the population structure and breeding systems of cetaceans.

The recently discovered globin-coupled sensors (GCSs) are heme-containing two-domain transducers distinct from the PAS domain superfamily. We have identified an additional 22 GCSs with varying multi-domain C-terminal transmitters through a search of the complete and incomplete microbial genome datasets. The GCS superfamily is composed of two major subfamilies: the aerotactic and gene regulators. We postulate the existence of protoglobin in Archaea as the predecessor to the chimeric GCS.

BACKGROUND: Intra-rectal artesunate has been developed as a potentially life-saving treatment of severe malaria in rural village settings where administration of parenteral antimalarial drugs is not possible. We studied the population pharmacokinetics of intra-rectal artesunate and the relationship with parasitological responses in patients with moderately severe falciparum malaria. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Adults and children in Africa and Southeast Asia with moderately severe malaria were recruited in two Phase II studies (12 adults from Southeast Asia and 11 children from Africa) with intensive sampling protocols, and three Phase III studies (44 children from Southeast Asia, and 86 children and 26 adults from Africa) with sparse sampling. All patients received 10 mg/kg artesunate as a single intra-rectal dose of suppositories. Venous blood samples were taken during a period of 24 h following dosing. Plasma artesunate and dihydroartemisinin (DHA, the main biologically active metabolite) concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The pharmacokinetic properties of DHA were determined using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling. Artesunate is rapidly hydrolysed in vivo to DHA, and this contributes the majority of antimalarial activity. For DHA, a one-compartment model assuming complete conversion from artesunate and first-order appearance and elimination kinetics gave the best fit to the data. The mean population estimate of apparent clearance (CL/F) was 2.64 (l/kg/h) with 66% inter-individual variability. The apparent volume of distribution (V/F) was 2.75 (l/kg) with 96% inter-individual variability. The estimated DHA population mean elimination half-life was 43 min. Gender was associated with increased mean CL/F by 1.14 (95% CI: 0.36-1.92) (l/kg/h) for a male compared with a female, and weight was positively associated with V/F. Larger V/Fs were observed for the patients requiring early rescue treatment compared with the remainder, independent of any confounders. No associations between the parasitological responses and the posterior individual estimates of V/F, CL/F, and AUC0-6h were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacokinetic properties of DHA were affected only by gender and body weight. Patients with the lowest area under the DHA concentration curve did not have slower parasite clearance, suggesting that rectal artesunate is well absorbed in most patients with moderately severe malaria. However, a number of modelling assumptions were required due to the large intra- and inter-individual variability of the DHA concentrations.

Abstract A substantial body of research now exists demonstrating sensitivities of marine organisms to ocean acidification (OA) in laboratory settings. However, corresponding in situ observations of marine species or ecosystem changes that can be unequivocally attributed to anthropogenic OA are limited. Challenges remain in detecting and attributing OA effects in nature, in part because multiple environmental changes are co-occurring with OA, all of which have the potential to influence marine ecosystem responses. Furthermore, the change in ocean pH since the industrial revolution is small relative to the natural variability within many systems, making it difficult to detect, and in some cases, has yet to cross physiological thresholds. The small number of studies that clearly document OA impacts in nature cannot be interpreted as a lack of larger-scale attributable impacts at the present time or in the future but highlights the need for innovative research approaches and analyses. We summarize the general findings in four relatively well-studied marine groups (seagrasses, pteropods, oysters, and coral reefs) and integrate overarching themes to highlight the challenges involved in detecting and attributing the effects of OA in natural environments. We then discuss four potential strategies to better evaluate and attribute OA impacts on species and ecosystems. First, we highlight the need for work quantifying the anthropogenic input of CO2 in coastal and open-ocean waters to understand how this increase in CO2 interacts with other physical and chemical factors to drive organismal conditions. Second, understanding OA-induced changes in population-level demography, potentially increased sensitivities in certain life stages, and how these effects scale to ecosystem-level processes (e.g. community metabolism) will improve our ability to attribute impacts to OA among co-varying parameters. Third, there is a great need to understand the potential modulation of OA impacts through the interplay of ecology and evolution (eco–evo dynamics). Lastly, further research efforts designed to detect, quantify, and project the effects of OA on marine organisms and ecosystems utilizing a comparative approach with long-term data sets will also provide critical information for informing the management of marine ecosystems.

New approaches to sanitation in a cropping system susceptible to tephritid fruit flies (Diptera tephritidae) in Hawaii have been investigated. Six trials were conducted in tent-like structures to demonstrate that melon fly larvae (Bacrocera cucurbitae, Coquillett) are not reliably controlled by malathion sprayed on the surface of whole or smashed fruit. Smashing fruit does not sufficiently reduce the rate of eclosion to be a reliable population control measure. Tilling fruit into the ground only partially reduced eclosion. Burying fruit 0.15 and 0.30 m deep also partially reduced eclosion. Burying fruit 0.46 m deep prevented adult fly eclosion. Screen between the infested fruit and the ground prevented 90.2% of fly eclosion (edges of the screen were buried to prevent the escape of eclosing adult flies). Larvae pupate within 0.7 m from their host fruit (mean distance = 13.88 ± 1.76 cm, 95% Cl = 10.4 to 17.4 cm). Augmentoria entrapped all adult flies eclosing from fruit placed inside the structure. The data suggests that the three (3) methods of interdicting adult fly eclosion should be practiced. They are, in order of effectiveness, placing cull fruit in augmentoria, burying the fruit 0.46 m under ground, or placing fruit on screen under and 0.7 m beyond the fruit pile.Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol 9(2) 2005: 5-14

The precise shape of the Sun has not been convincingly determined, despite half a century of modern photoelectric observations. The expected deviation of the solar-limb shape from a perfect circle is very small, but such asphericity is sensitive to the Sun's otherwise invisible interior conditions, as well as the solar atmosphere. We use evidence from a long-running experiment based in space to show that, when analyzed with sufficiently high spatial resolution, the Sun's oblate shape is distinctly constant and almost completely unaffected by the solar-cycle variability seen on its surface. The solar oblateness is significantly lower than theoretical expectations by an amount that could be explained by a slower differential rotation in the outer few percent of the Sun.

Abstract We present and maps of six nearby star-forming galaxies, NGC 253, NGC 1068, IC 342, M82, M83, and NGC 6946, obtained with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as part of the MALATANG survey. All galaxies were mapped in the central 2′ × 2′ region at 14″ (FWHM) resolution (corresponding to linear scales of ∼0.2–1.0 kpc). The L IR – L ′ dense relation, where the dense gas is traced by the and the emission, measured in our sample of spatially resolved galaxies is found to follow the linear correlation established globally in galaxies within the scatter. We find that the luminosity ratio, L IR / L ′ dense , shows systematic variations with L IR within individual spatially resolved galaxies, whereas the galaxy-integrated ratios vary little. A rising trend is also found between L IR / L ′ dense ratio and the warm-dust temperature gauged by the 70 μ m/100 μ m flux ratio. We find that the luminosity ratios of IR/HCN (4–3) and IR/HCO + (4–3), which can be taken as a proxy for the star formation efficiency (SFE) in the dense molecular gas (SFE dense ), appear to be nearly independent of the dense gas fraction ( f dense ) for our sample of galaxies. The SFE of the total molecular gas (SFE mol ) is found to increase substantially with f dense when combining our data with those on local (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies and high- z quasars. The mean line ratio measured for the six targeted galaxies is 0.9 ± 0.6. No significant correlation is found for the ratio with the star formation rate as traced by L IR , nor with the warm-dust temperature, for the different populations of galaxies.

Colonization of lettuce and five common weed species by thrips was studied in lettuce fields at Kula, Hawaii. Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), a vector of tomato spotted wilt virus, was the most abundant thrips species (82.4%of total) of the twelve species collected. Nonflowering lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Lam., was less attractive to thrips than flowering plants of the weed species. Among weeds in flower, Verbesina enceliaides (Cav.) Benth & Hook. ex Gray, Malva parviflora L., and Amaranthus hybridus (L.) Rob. were most attractive to thrips. However, among nonflowering stages, V, encelioides attracted the fewest thrips and only A. hybridus and M. parviflora were more attractive than lettuce. For each weed species, flowering individuals attracted more thrips than plants with flowers removed.

Abstract We report the discovery of a sextuply eclipsing sextuple star system from TESS data, TIC 168789840, also known as TYC 7037-89-1, the first known sextuple system consisting of three eclipsing binaries. The target was observed in Sectors 4 and 5 during Cycle 1, with lightcurves extracted from TESS Full Frame Image data. It was also previously observed by the WASP survey and ASAS-SN. The system consists of three gravitationally bound eclipsing binaries in a hierarchical structure of an inner quadruple system with an outer binary subsystem. Follow-up observations from several different observatories were conducted as a means of determining additional parameters. The system was resolved by speckle interferometry with a 0.″42 separation between the inner quadruple and outer binary, inferring an estimated outer period of ∼2 kyr. It was determined that the fainter of the two resolved components is an 8.217 day eclipsing binary, which orbits the inner quadruple that contains two eclipsing binaries with periods of 1.570 days and 1.306 days. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis of the stellar parameters has shown that the three binaries of TIC 168789840 are “triplets,” as each binary is quite similar to the others in terms of mass, radius, and T eff . As a consequence of its rare composition, structure, and orientation, this object can provide important new insight into the formation, dynamics, and evolution of multiple star systems. Future observations could reveal if the intermediate and outer orbital planes are all aligned with the planes of the three inner eclipsing binaries.

Measurements of H-beta, He D3, and Ca(+) 8542-A line emission in 18 quiescent prominences are presented which were performed with a 25-cm coronagraph/coude spectrograph system and an optical multichannel analyzer utilizing a Si-vidicon detector assembly mounted at the single-pass spectrograph port. The data obtained show that the line profiles deviate in the wings from those calculated on the basis of an isothermal atmosphere and a Gaussian absorption coefficient. Both a non-Gaussian microturbulence component and a temperature gradient from prominence-core to coronal values can successfully account for this phenomenon. The line widths from a given line of sight of prominence material are reduced on the basis of a common core emitting region with a temperature of 7500 to 11,600 K and a microturbulent velocity of 4.5 to 7.1 km/s for the isothermal model (these values are 5% to 10% less for the two-temperature model). It is noted that long-period low-amplitude oscillations in the D3 line width and intensity were observed when a specific line of sight in a quiescent prominence was followed. These oscillations are found to remain coherent for as many as 3 or 4 cycles and to be associated with prominence structural activation.

Six autograft tragal cartilages and two preserved homograft nasal septal cartilages removed from revision tympanoplasty were examined with histologic and histochemical stains. The implanted cartilage remained in the middle ear from six months to eighteen months without significant inflammatory reaction or evidence of resorption. It appears that the implanted cartilages removed from tympanoplasty have been well tolerated in the middle ear space.

The interaction of cellular proteins with the gap junction protein Connexin43 (Cx43) is thought to form a dynamic scaffolding complex that functions as a platform for the assembly of signaling, structural, and cytoskeletal proteins. A high stringency Scansite search of rat Cx43 identified the motif containing Ser373 (S373) as a 14-3-3 binding site. The S373 motif and the second best mode-1 motif, containing Ser244 (S244), are conserved in rat, mouse, human, chicken, and bovine, but not in Xenopus or zebrafish Cx43. Docking studies of a mouse/rat 14-3-3 homology model with the modeled phosphorylated S373 or S244 peptide ligands or their serine-to-alanine mutants, S373A or S244A, revealed that the pS373 motif facilitated a greater number of intermolecular contacts than the pS244 motif, thus supporting a stronger 14-3-3 binding interaction with the pS373 motif. The alanine substitution also reduced more than half the number of intermolecular contacts between 14-3-3 and the S373 motif, emphasizing the phosphorylation dependence of this interaction. Furthermore, the ability of the wild-type or the S244A GST-Cx43 C-terminal fusion protein, but not the S373A fusion protein, to interact with either 14-3-3 or 14-3-3zeta in GST pull-down experiments clearly demonstrated that the S373 motif mediates the direct interaction between Cx43 and 14-3-3 proteins. Blocking growth factor-induced Akt activation and presumably any Akt-mediated phosphorylation of the S373 motif in ROSE 199 cells did not prevent the down-regulation of Cx43-mediated cell-cell communication, suggesting that an Akt-mediated interaction with 14-3-3 was not involved in the disruption of Cx43 function.